Proverbs 31:10

Commentary on Proverbs 31:10

Proverbs 31:10 introduces the famous description of the "virtuous woman," often referred to as the "Proverbs 31 Woman." This verse serves as the opening statement, setting the theme for the subsequent detailed portrayal of her character and capabilities. It immediately establishes her immense value, placing her worth far above the most precious material possessions.

Context

This verse is the beginning of the final chapter of Proverbs, which is presented as the words of King Lemuel, taught to him by his mother. This section (verses 10-31) is an acrostic poem in Hebrew, where each successive verse begins with a consecutive letter of the Hebrew alphabet. The mother's instruction to her son focuses on identifying and appreciating the qualities of an ideal wife, a partner who would be a true blessing and asset to his life. It shifts from earlier warnings against immoral women to celebrating a woman of exceptional character and diligence.

Key Themes

• The Rarity of True Virtue: The opening question, "Who can find a virtuous woman?", highlights that such a woman is not common. Her qualities are exceptional and highly sought after, underscoring the challenge in discovering such a treasure.
• Inestimable Value of Character: The core message is that a woman of true virtue possesses worth that transcends any material wealth. "Her price is far above rubies" emphasizes that inner character, wisdom, and diligence are infinitely more valuable than precious stones, gold, or any earthly riches. This theme echoes other proverbs that extol wisdom's value over rubies and fine gold.
• The Ideal Woman: This verse sets the stage for the comprehensive description that follows, presenting a standard of excellence for womanhood rooted in character, industry, and spiritual devotion.

Linguistic Insights

The key phrase in Hebrew is "virtuous woman," which translates to eshet chayil (אֵשֶׁת־חַיִל). The word chayil is rich in meaning and goes beyond mere "virtue" or "goodness." It encompasses:

• Strength and Capability: It can refer to strength, ability, and effectiveness.
• Valor and Excellence: Often used to describe a warrior or a person of great moral strength and courage.
• Wealth and Prosperity: It can also denote wealth, substance, or prosperity, suggesting that her character contributes to the household's flourishing.

Thus, an eshet chayil is not merely a "good" woman, but a woman of strength, capability, excellence, and valor, whose character is productive and valuable. Her worth "far above rubies" (a symbol of great material wealth) directly contrasts her intrinsic, powerful value with external riches, much like Proverbs 12:4 describes a virtuous woman as a crown to her husband.

Practical Application

For a general audience, Proverbs 31:10 offers profound insights:

• Prioritizing Character: It challenges both men and women to value intrinsic character over superficial qualities or material possessions. True worth is found in integrity, diligence, wisdom, and inner strength, not in outward appearance or wealth.
• Aspiration for Excellence: For women, it presents an inspiring call to cultivate qualities of strength, capability, and moral excellence. It encourages women to be impactful, contributing members of their families and communities, as further detailed in the later verses of Proverbs 31.
• Discernment in Relationships: For men, it provides a timeless standard for seeking a life partner. It encourages looking beyond fleeting attractions to identify a woman whose character will be a lasting source of strength, honor, and blessing.
• Recognizing True Riches: The verse reminds us that the most valuable assets in life are not things that can be bought or sold, but rather the qualities of a person's heart and spirit.