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Study This Verse
Public-domain commentary
Matthew Henry
From his Commentary on the Whole Bible. Henry comments on passages, not single verses — this entry covers Deuteronomy 32:7–14. His three-level outline is real structure in the source text, so it is rendered as structure.
Moses, having in general represented God to them as their great benefactor, whom they were bound in gratitude to observe and obey, in these verses gives particular instances of God's kindness to them and concern for them. 1. Some instances were ancient, and for proof of them he appeals to the records (Deu 32:7): Remember the days of old; that is, "Keep in remembrance the history of those days, and of the wonderful providences of God concerning the old world, and concerning your ancestors Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob; you will find a constant series of mercies attending them, and how long since things were working towards that which has now come to pass." Note, The authentic histories of ancient times are of singular use, and especially the history of the church in its infancy, both the Old Testament and the New Testament church. 2. Others were more modern, and for proof of them he appeals to their fathers and elders that were now alive and with them. Parents must diligently teach their children, not only the word of God, his laws (Deu 6:7), and the meaning of his ordinances (Exo 12:26, Exo 12:27), but his works also, and the methods of his providence. See Psa 78:3, Psa 78:4, Psa 78:6, Psa 78:7. And children should desire the knowledge of those things which will be of use to engage them to their duty and to direct them in it.
Three things are here enlarged upon as instances of God's kindness to his people Israel, and strong obligations upon them never to forsake him: -
I.The early designation of the land of Canaan for their inheritance; for herein it was a type and figure of our heavenly inheritance, that it was of old ordained and prepared in the divine counsels, Deu 32:8. Observe,
1.When the earth was divided among the sons of men, in the days of Peleg, after the flood, and each family had its lot, in which it must settle, and by degrees grow up into a nation, then God had Israel in his thoughts and in his eye; for, designing this good land into which they were now going to be in due time an inheritance for them, he ordered that the posterity of Canaan, rather than any other of the families then in being, should be planted there in the mean time, to keep possession, as it were, till Israel was ready for it, because those families were under the curse of Noah, by which they were condemned to servitude and ruin (Gen 9:25), and therefore would be the more justly, honourably, easily, and effectually, rooted out, when the fulness of time should come that Israel should take possession. Thus he set the bounds of that people with an eye to the designed number of the children of Israel, that they might have just as much as would serve their turn. And some observe that Canaan himself, and his eleven sons (Gen 10:15, etc.), make up just the number of the twelve tribes of Israel. Note,
(1.)The wisdom of God has appointed the bounds of men's habitation, and determined both the place and time of our living in the world, Act 17:26. When he gave the earth to the children of men (Psa 115:16), it was not that every man might catch as he could; no, he divides to nations their inheritance, and will have every one to know his own, and not to invade another's property.
(2.)Infinite wisdom has a vast reach, and designs beforehand what is brought to pass long after. Known unto God are all his works from the beginning to the end (Act 15:18), but they are not so to us, Ecc 3:11.
(3.)The great God, in governing the world, and ordering the affairs of states and kingdoms, has a special regard to his church and people, and consults their good in all. See Ch2 16:9, and Isa 45:4. The Canaanites thought they had as good and sure a title to their land as any of their neighbours had to theirs; but God intended that they should only be tenants, till the Israelites, their landlords, came. Thus God serves his own purposes of kindness to his people, by those that neither know him nor love him, who mean not so, neither doth their heart think so, Isa 10:7; Mic 4:12.
2.The reason given for the particular care God took for this people, so long before they were either born or thought of (as I may say), in our world, does yet more magnify the kindness, and make it obliging beyond expression (Deu 32:9): For the Lord's portion is his people. All the world is his. He is owner and possessor of heaven and earth, but his church is his in a peculiar manner. It is his demesne, his vineyard, his garden enclosed. He has a particular delight in it: it is the beloved of his soul, in it he walks, he dwells, it is his rest for ever. He has a particular concern for it, keeps it as the apple of his eye. He has particular expectations from it, as a man has from his portion, has a much greater rent of honour, glory, and worship, from that distinguished remnant, than from all the world besides. That God should be his people's portion is easy to be accounted for, for he is their joy and felicity; but how they should be his portion, who neither needs them nor can be benefited by them, must be resolved into the wondrous condescensions of free grace. Even so, Father, because it seemed good in thy eyes so to call and to account them.
II.The forming of them into a people, that they might be fit to enter upon this inheritance, like an heir of age, at the time appointed of the Father. And herein also Canaan was a figure of the heavenly inheritance; for, as it was from eternity proposed and designed for all God's spiritual Israel, so they are, in time (and it is a work of time), fitted and made meet for it, Col 1:12. The deliverance of Israel out of slavery, by the destruction of their oppressors, was attended with so many wonders obvious to sense, and had been so often spoken of, that it needed not to be mentioned in this song; but the gracious works God wrought upon them would be less taken notice of than the glorious works he had wrought for them, and therefore he chooses rather to advert to them. A great deal was done to model this people, to cast them into some shape, and to fit them for the great things designed for them in the land of promise; and it is here most elegantly described.
1.He found him in a desert land, Deu 32:10. This refers, no doubt, to the wilderness through which God brought them to Canaan, and in which he took so much pains with them; it is called the church in the wilderness, Act 7:38. There it was born, and nursed, and educated, that all might appear to be divine and from heaven, since they had there no communication with any part of this earth either for food or learning. But, because he is said to find them there, it seems designed also to represent both the bad state and the bad character of that people when God began first to appear for them.
(1.)Their condition was forlorn. Egypt was to them a desert land, and a waste howling wilderness, for they were bond-slaves in it, and cried by reason of their oppression, and were perfectly bewildered and at a loss for relief; there God found them, and thence he fetched them. And,
(2.)Their disposition was very unpromising. So ignorant were the generality of them in divine things, so stupid and unapt to receive the impressions of them, so peevish and humoursome, so froward and quarrelsome, and withal so strangely addicted to the idolatries of Egypt, that they might well be said to be found in a desert land; for one might as reasonably expect a crop of corn from a barren wilderness as any good fruit of service to God from a people of such a character. Those that are renewed and sanctified by grace should often remember what they were by nature.
2.He led him about and instructed him. When God had them in the wilderness he did not bring them directly to Canaan, but made them go a great way about, and so he instructed them; that is, (1.) by this means he took time to instruct them, and gave them commandments as they were able to receive them. Those whose business it is to instruct others must not expect it will be done of a sudden; learners must have time to learn. (2.) By this means he tried their faith, and patience, and dependence upon God, and inured them to the hardships of the wilderness, and so instructed them. Every stage had something in it that was instructive; even when he chastened them, he thereby taught them out of his law. It is said (Psa 107:7) that he led them forth by the right way;. and yet here that he led them about; for God always leads his people the right way, however to us it may seem circuitous: so that the furthest way about proves, if not the nearest way, yet the best way home to Canaan. How God instructed them is explained long after (Neh 9:13), Thou gavest them right judgments and true laws, good statutes, and commandments; and especially (Deu 32:20), Thou gavest them also thy good Spirit to instruct them; and he instructs effectually. We may well imagine how unfit that people would have been for Canaan had they not first gone through the discipline of the wilderness.
3.He kept him as the apple of his eye, with all the care and tenderness that could be, from the malignant influences of an open sky and air, and all the perils of an inhospitable desert. The pillar of cloud and fire was both a guide and a guard to them.
4.He did that for them which the eagle does for her nest of young ones, Deu 32:11, Deu 32:12. The similitude was touched, Exo 19:4, I bore you on eagles' wings; here it is enlarged upon. The eagle is observed to have a strong affection for her young, and to show it, not only as other creatures by protecting them and making provision for them, but by educating them and teaching them to fly. For this purpose she stirs them out of the nest where they lie dozing, flutters over them, to show them how they must use their wings, and then accustoms them to fly upon her wings till they have learnt to fly upon their own. This, by the way, is an example to parents to train up their children to business, and not to indulge them in idleness and the love of ease. God did thus by Israel; when they were in love with their slavery, and loth to leave it, God, by Moses, stirred them up to aspire after liberty, and many a time kept them from returning to the house of bondage. He carried them out of Egypt, led them into the wilderness, and now at length had led them through it. The Lord alone did lead him, he needed not any assistance, nor did he take any to be partner with him in the achievement, which was a good reason why they should serve the Lord only and no other, so much as in partnership, much less in rivalship with him. There was no strange god with him to contribute to Israel's salvation, and therefore there should be none to share in Israel's homage and adoration, Psa 81:9.
III.The settling of them in a good land.
This was done in part already, in the happy planting of the two tribes and a half, an earnest of what would speedily and certainly be done for the rest of the tribes.
1.They were blessed with glorious victories over their enemies (Deu 32:13): He made him ride on the high places of the earth, that is, he brought him on with conquest, and brought him home with triumph. he rode over the high places or strong holds that were kept against him, sat in ease and honour upon the fruitful hills of Canaan. In Egypt they looked mean, and were so, in poverty and disgrace; but in Canaan they looked great, and were so, advanced and enriched; they rode in state, as a people whom the King of kings delighted to honour.
2.With great plenty of all good things. Not only the ordinary increase of the field, but, which was uncommon, Honey out of the rock, and oil out of the flinty rock, which may refer either,
(1.)To their miraculous supply of fresh water out of the rock that followed them in the wilderness, which is called honey and oil, because the necessity they were reduced to made it as sweet and acceptable as honey and oil at another time. Or,
(2.)To the great abundance of honey and oil they should find in Canaan, even in those parts that were least fertile. The rocks in Canaan should yield a better increase than the fields and meadows of other countries. Other productions of Canaan are mentioned, Deu 32:14. Such abundance and such variety of wholesome food (and every thing the best in its kind) that every meal might be a feast if they pleased: excellent bread made of the best corn, here called the kidneys of the wheat (for a grain of wheat is not unlike a kidney), butter and milk in abundance, the flesh of cattle well fed, and for their drink, no worse than the pure blood of the grape; so indulgent a Father was God to them, and so kind a benefactor. Ainsworth makes the plenty of good things in Canaan to be a figure of the fruitfulness of Christ's kingdom, and the heavenly comforts of his word and Spirit: for the children of his kingdom he has butter and milk, the sincere milk of the word; and strong meat for strong men, with the wine that makes glad the heart.
Historical interpretation
Two Centuries of Reception
4 surviving comments on this verse. Each one is dated, so this reads as a timeline rather than a list.
Select a marker to jump to its quote. Markers stagger vertically where authors wrote within a few decades of each other.
Finally, listen to Moses saying: He spread his wings and took them, and carried them on his shoulders (Deuteronomy 32:11): just as an eagle carries its offspring, which it is accustomed to examine; in order to hold and nurture those who have the true nature of birth, and to observe the grace of incorruptible nature; or to reject those in whom it has detected the weakness of a degenerate origin at a tender age.
Like an eagle, the Lord spreads his wings over us, his nestlings. There the Lord is compared with the eagle guarding its young. The simile therefore is appropriate that God protects us as a father and as a hen guarding her chicks lest they be snatched away by a hawk. Nevertheless a different interpretation is also permissible. “With his pinions he will cover you”: he will be lifted up on the cross; he will stretch forth his hands to shelter us. “And under his wings you shall take refuge.”
The song in Deuteronomy says that he bore the people of Israel upon his shoulders and like the eagle guarded them. This same versicle may be interpreted also of the Savior because on the cross he gave us the shelter of his wings. “Under his wings you shall take refuge.” “All the day long I stretched out my hand to a people unbelieving and contradicting.” The hands of the Lord lifted up to heaven were not begging for help but were sheltering us, his miserable creatures.
The Lord protects us, his little ones. He nourishes us and restores us—not in a heavy and burdensome way but with gentle and kind protection. He shows his mercies toward us, as if extending his wings over us as a bird does.
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Summary
Deuteronomy 32:11, a poignant verse from the "Song of Moses," masterfully employs the vivid and deeply symbolic imagery of an eagle's interaction with its young to portray the Lord's unique, active, and unwavering care for the nation of Israel during their arduous wilderness journey. This divine simile illustrates God as a tender yet strategically challenging parent who prepares His people for spiritual maturity, provides ultimate protection, and bears them up through every trial, ensuring their survival, growth, and ultimate arrival at their promised inheritance.
Context
Literary Context
Deuteronomy 32:11 is an integral and climactic part of the "Song of Moses" (Deuteronomy 32:1-43), a prophetic and didactic poem delivered by Moses just before his death and Israel's entry into the Promised Land. This song functions as a covenant lawsuit, recounting God's steadfast faithfulness to Israel despite their recurrent rebellion, warning of the severe consequences of disobedience, and ultimately promising divine restoration. The preceding verses Deuteronomy 32:7-10 recall God's sovereign choice of Israel, His finding them in the desolate wilderness, and His singular protection, setting the profound stage for the intimate, parental imagery of the eagle in verse 11. The song's broader purpose is to serve as an enduring witness against Israel Deuteronomy 31:19 should they forsake the covenant, yet it simultaneously celebrates God's incomparable character as "the Rock" Deuteronomy 32:4.
Historical & Cultural Context
In the ancient Near East, the eagle (specifically the griffon vulture, Gyps fulvus, which was often referred to as an eagle and exhibits similar behaviors) was highly revered, recognized for its majesty, strength, and remarkable parenting behaviors. Observers noted that eagles would "stir up" their nests, making them uncomfortable, to encourage their fledglings to leave the safety of the nest and learn to fly. They would then hover nearby, ready to catch any faltering young on their powerful wings, preventing a fatal fall. This natural phenomenon provided a potent and deeply relatable metaphor for the Israelites, who had experienced forty years of divine provision and discipline in the harsh desert. The imagery would have resonated profoundly with a people who had witnessed God's miraculous sustenance (e.g., manna, water from the rock) and His unwavering protection from enemies and dangers throughout their nomadic existence, much like a parent eagle guiding its vulnerable offspring through a perilous environment.
Key Themes
This verse powerfully contributes to several overarching themes within Deuteronomy and the broader Pentateuch. It highlights Divine Providence and Nurturing, portraying God as a tender yet firm parent who meticulously cares for His people, guiding them through the wilderness as an eagle guides its young. This care is not passive but involves active engagement, sometimes even "stirring up the nest" to encourage Growth and Maturity in Faith, pushing Israel out of comfort zones to foster deeper dependence and spiritual development. The imagery of being "borne on her wings" underscores God's Unfailing Support and Rescue, echoing the earlier declaration in Exodus 19:4 where God explicitly states He carried Israel on eagles' wings from Egypt. Furthermore, the inherent power and soaring ability of the eagle symbolize God's Sovereign Might and Protection, assuring Israel of His capacity to shield His chosen ones from all harm and lead them safely to their destination, a theme consistently found throughout the wilderness narrative.
Exposition and Analysis
Key Word Analysis
This verb (H5782) means to wake, rouse, or incite. In this context, it suggests an intentional, active, and even disruptive process. The eagle doesn't passively wait for its young to leave; it actively creates discomfort, pushing them out of their complacency and encouraging them to take the terrifying leap into the unknown. This implies that God's care for Israel was not always comfortable or static but involved strategic challenges designed to prompt growth, deeper dependence, and movement towards their destiny.
This rare and significant verb (H7363) conveys a sense of hovering, brooding, or trembling. It is famously used in Genesis 1:2 to describe the Spirit of God hovering over the formless waters of creation. Here, applied to the eagle, it speaks of a protective, watchful, and life-giving presence. The eagle is not distant but intimately present, demonstrating profound care, readiness to intervene, and a nurturing vigilance that mirrors God's own protective oversight of Israel.
This primitive root (H5375) means to lift, carry, or bear, with a wide variety of applications. In this climactic phrase, it signifies the ultimate act of support and deliverance. The eagle actively lifts and carries its young, bearing them above danger. For Israel, this represents God's complete provision, His ability to lift His people above their weaknesses and the threats of the world, carrying them through impossible circumstances by His own strength and grace. It speaks to divine rescue and sustained sustenance.
Verse Breakdown
"As an eagle stirreth up her nest"
This initial clause establishes the simile, powerfully comparing God's actions to those of a mother eagle. The act of "stirring up" implies a deliberate disruption of comfort and security. For Israel, this would have involved the trials of the wilderness, the lack of immediate provision, and the necessity of trusting God day by day, pushing them beyond their familiar ways and forcing them to rely solely on divine sustenance and guidance. This discomfort is purposeful, aimed at fostering maturity.
"fluttereth over her young"
This phrase emphasizes the eagle's (and God's) constant, watchful, and protective presence. Even as the nest is disturbed and the young are challenged, the parent remains intimately near, demonstrating vigilant care and readiness to intervene. This speaks to God's never-failing presence, even in the midst of discomfort or perceived abandonment, assuring Israel of His unwavering attention and nurturing oversight.
"spreadeth abroad her wings"
This depicts the eagle's majestic power and readiness for action. The outstretched wings symbolize strength, a readiness to embrace, and a vast capacity for protection. It foreshadows the subsequent actions of taking and bearing, emphasizing the divine power available to support and deliver His vulnerable people. It is an image of preparedness and immense capability.
"taketh them"
This signifies the eagle's (and God's) active and immediate intervention to secure the young. When the fledgling falters or begins to fall, the parent doesn't merely watch; it actively "takes" or catches them, preventing their demise. This speaks to God's direct, saving interventions in Israel's history, rescuing them from dangers, their own failures, and the consequences of their disobedience.
"beareth them on her wings"
This climactic image portrays the ultimate act of protection, sustenance, and deliverance. The young are not merely caught but are lifted and carried on the powerful wings of the parent, effortlessly borne above danger to safety. This is a profound metaphor for God's complete provision, His ability to lift Israel above their weaknesses and the threats of the world, carrying them through impossible circumstances by His own strength and grace, ensuring their survival and safe passage.
Literary Devices
Deuteronomy 32:11 is exceptionally rich in Imagery and employs a powerful Simile that functions as an extended Metaphor. The primary literary device is the Simile, explicitly introduced by "As an eagle," which directly compares God's relationship with Israel to that of an eagle with its young. This comparison is then extended into a detailed Metaphor, where the eagle's actions—stirring, fluttering, spreading wings, taking, and bearing—become a sustained, multi-faceted representation of God's comprehensive and intimate care for His people. The vivid Imagery of the eagle's nest, its hovering presence, and its powerful wings creates a palpable sense of divine protection, active nurturing, and sovereign strength. This poetic language transforms abstract theological concepts into concrete, relatable experiences, making God's attributes of providence, discipline, and deliverance profoundly tangible and memorable for the audience. The use of Anthropomorphism is also present, attributing human-like parental care and intentionality to God through the eagle's actions.
Theological and Thematic Connections
Deuteronomy 32:11 profoundly illustrates the covenantal relationship between Yahweh and Israel, portraying God not merely as a distant, transcendent deity but as an intimately involved, nurturing, and challenging parent. This divine parenting involves both discomfort ("stirring the nest") to foster spiritual growth and absolute protection ("bearing on wings") in times of vulnerability. It underscores God's unwavering commitment to His chosen people, demonstrating His power, wisdom, and tender care in guiding them through the wilderness, preparing them for their inheritance, and ensuring their survival against all odds. The verse emphasizes that God's discipline is always purposeful, aimed at maturity and deeper reliance on Him, while His grace is ever-present to rescue and sustain. It is a powerful testament to divine faithfulness in the face of human frailty.
Reflection and Application
Deuteronomy 32:11 offers profound comfort and challenge for believers today, reminding us that God's care is both tender and purposeful, never passive. When life feels unsettling, when we are pushed out of our comfort zones, or when circumstances seem to destabilize our "nest," this verse assures us that God is not abandoning us. Rather, He is often "stirring up our nest" to encourage spiritual maturity, to teach us to "fly" in faith, and to deepen our reliance on Him. Like the young eagles, we might feel vulnerable or afraid of the unknown, but the imagery of God's powerful "wings" provides an enduring promise of refuge, strength, and unfailing support. This passage calls us to embrace growth, even through discomfort, knowing that our Heavenly Father is always present, actively nurturing, protecting, and ready to bear us up through every trial, ensuring our ultimate spiritual flourishing and guiding us towards the inheritance He has prepared.
Questions for Reflection
FAQ
Does this verse suggest God intentionally makes our lives difficult?
Yes, in a purposeful and redemptive way. The imagery of the eagle "stirring up her nest" implies that God sometimes allows or even instigates situations that push us out of our comfort zones. These challenges are not meant to harm or punish arbitrarily, but rather to foster spiritual maturity, deeper dependence on Him, and to teach us to "fly" in faith and obedience. Just as a parent eagle prepares its young for independent flight, God prepares His children for their journey and purpose, knowing that growth often occurs outside of complacency. This divine discipline is always rooted in love and aimed at our ultimate good, as seen in Hebrews 12:5-11.
How does this verse relate to God's protection?
This verse powerfully illustrates God's unwavering protection. While the "stirring up" phase might feel unsettling, the subsequent actions of the eagle—"fluttereth over her young, spreadeth abroad her wings, taketh them, beareth them on her wings"—emphasize God's constant, vigilant, and powerful protection. He is always near, ready to intervene, to catch us when we fall, and to carry us through dangers that are beyond our own strength. This imagery assures us that God's sovereign might is actively engaged in safeguarding His people, providing a secure refuge and bearing them above the perils of life, much like the psalmist declares in Psalm 91:4.
Christ-Centered Fulfillment
Deuteronomy 32:11, with its profound imagery of God's eagle-like care for Israel, finds its ultimate and most glorious fulfillment in the person and work of Jesus Christ. While the Old Testament depicts God's providential care through various metaphors, Christ embodies this divine nurturing and protection in the most tangible way. He is the ultimate "Rock" Deuteronomy 32:4 of salvation, providing unwavering stability and refuge for His people. Just as the eagle gathers its young, Jesus lamented over Jerusalem, expressing His deep desire to "gather your children together, just as a hen gathers her brood under her wings" Matthew 23:37. This speaks to His tender, protective, and gathering nature for all who would come to Him. Furthermore, the "stirring up" that leads to growth and dependence is perfectly exemplified in Christ's call to discipleship, which often involves challenging comfort zones and embracing the cross Luke 9:23. Through His atoning sacrifice, Christ "bore our sins in His body on the tree" 1 Peter 2:24, a far greater act of "bearing" than any eagle's wings could accomplish, lifting us from the condemnation of sin to the safety of eternal life. He is the Good Shepherd who lays down His life for the sheep John 10:11, carrying them safely through every valley, ensuring that none are lost from His hand John 10:28. Thus, the protective, nurturing, and redemptive care foreshadowed in the eagle's actions finds its perfect and complete reality in the saving work and ongoing intercession of our Lord Jesus Christ, who continually bears His people through life's challenges into His eternal presence.