Deuteronomy 32:14

KJV

Butter of kine, and milk of sheep, with fat of lambs, and rams of the breed of Bashan, and goats, with the fat of kidneys of wheat; and thou didst drink the pure blood of the grape.

KJV (with Strong's)

Butter {H2529} of kine {H1241}, and milk {H2461} of sheep {H6629}, with fat {H2459} of lambs {H3733}, and rams {H352} of the breed {H1121} of Bashan {H1316}, and goats {H6260}, with the fat {H2459} of kidneys {H3629} of wheat {H2406}; and thou didst drink {H8354} the pure {H2561} blood {H1818} of the grape {H6025}.

Complete Jewish Bible

curds from the cows and milk from the sheep, with lamb fat, rams from Bashan and goats, with the finest wheat flour; and you drank sparkling wine from the blood of grapes.

Berean Standard Bible

with curds from the herd and milk from the flock, with the fat of lambs, with rams from Bashan, and goats, with the choicest grains of wheat. From the juice of the finest grapes you drank the wine.

American Standard Version

Butter of the herd, and milk of the flock, With fat of lambs, And rams of the breed of Bashan, and goats, With the finest of the wheat; And of the blood of the grape thou drankest wine.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Deuteronomy 32:14, embedded within the profound "Song of Moses," vividly portrays God's lavish and exquisite provision for the nation of Israel. Through rich agricultural and pastoral imagery, the verse describes a state of unparalleled prosperity and sustenance, highlighting the choicest produce of the land and the finest livestock. It serves as a powerful testament to God's faithful and generous care, demonstrating His commitment to bless His people abundantly, far beyond mere subsistence.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** This verse is a pivotal part of the "Song of Moses" (Deuteronomy 32:1-43), a prophetic and historical poem delivered by Moses just before his death and Israel's entry into the Promised Land. The song serves as a comprehensive recounting of God's unwavering faithfulness to Israel, juxtaposed with Israel's recurring rebellion and subsequent divine discipline, culminating in a promise of restoration. Verse 14 specifically looks back at the initial period of God's nurturing and protection of Israel, likening His care to that of a mother eagle (as described in [Deuteronomy 32:11](/deuteronomy/32-11 "Deuteronomy 32:11 - God's Care Like an Eagle")). It establishes a baseline of ideal prosperity under God's blessing, setting the stage for understanding the depth of God's covenant loyalty even when Israel proved unfaithful. The song begins with a majestic call to heaven and earth to bear witness to God's words, underscoring its prophetic weight and significance, as seen in [Deuteronomy 32:1](/deuteronomy/32-1 "Deuteronomy 32:1 - The Song of Moses Begins").
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** The "Song of Moses" is delivered at the precipice of a monumental transition for Israel: leaving the wilderness generation behind and entering the Promised Land. For a people whose history was deeply intertwined with nomadic pastoralism and burgeoning agriculture, the imagery of abundant livestock and fertile crops resonated profoundly. In ancient Near Eastern cultures, agricultural and pastoral prosperity was not merely a sign of economic well-being but a direct indicator of divine favor and blessing. The specific mention of "rams of the breed of Bashan" points to a well-known fertile region east of the Jordan, renowned for its robust, high-quality livestock, emphasizing the superlative nature of God's provision. The descriptions evoke a society where food security and abundance were paramount, directly linked to their covenant relationship with Yahweh.
* **Key Themes:** Deuteronomy 32:14 masterfully weaves several key theological and narrative themes into its rich tapestry. The most prominent is **Divine Provision and Abundance**, showcasing God's commitment to supplying His people's needs not just adequately, but lavishly. The detailed list of choice foods—"butter of kine," "milk of sheep," "fat of lambs," "rams of the breed of Bashan," "fat of kidneys of wheat," and "pure blood of the grape"—speaks to a surplus of high-quality resources, far exceeding mere subsistence. This imagery powerfully foreshadows the concept of a [land flowing with milk and honey](/exodus/3-8 "Exodus 3:8 - A Land Flowing with Milk and Honey"), a recurring promise throughout the Pentateuch. Another crucial theme is **The Excellence of God's Blessings**. God does not merely provide; He provides the very best, signifying His meticulous care and the unparalleled quality of His gifts. This abundance is a direct manifestation of God's **Covenant Faithfulness** to His promises made to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, demonstrating His unwavering commitment to His people despite their future unfaithfulness. Finally, the verse underscores **Prosperity as a Sign of Blessing**, a tangible indicator of God's favor and a reward for obedience, as outlined in the covenant stipulations found in passages like [Deuteronomy 28:12](/deuteronomy/28-12 "Deuteronomy 28:12 - Blessings for Obedience").

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS

#### Key Word Analysis
* **Kine (Hebrew, _bāqār_):** This archaic English term refers to cattle. In the Hebrew Bible, _bāqār_ denotes oxen, cows, or herds of cattle, which were a primary source of wealth, labor, and sustenance in ancient Israel. The phrase "butter of kine" (more accurately, "curds" or "cream" from cattle) signifies the rich, fatty dairy products derived from well-fed herds, indicative of prosperity and a thriving pastoral economy.
* **Bashan (Hebrew, _bāšān_):** Bashan was a highly fertile and verdant region located east of the Jordan River, famous for its rich pastures and robust, well-fed livestock, particularly cattle and sheep. The mention of "rams of the breed of Bashan" is an idiomatic expression signifying the finest, strongest, and most superior quality of livestock available, emphasizing the exceptional nature of God's provision.
* **Kidneys of wheat (Hebrew, _ḥēleḇ kīlyōṯ ḥiṭṭâ_):** This is a poetic and metaphorical phrase. In ancient Hebrew thought, the "kidneys" (or "reins") were often associated with the innermost being, the vital organs, or the choicest part of something. Thus, "fat of kidneys of wheat" does not refer to literal fat from kidneys, but rather to the richest, most nourishing, and finest quality of wheat flour, representing the very essence and best yield of the grain. It speaks of highly refined and nutrient-dense bread.
* **Pure blood of the grape (Hebrew, _dam ʿēnāḇ_):** This is a powerful and vivid metaphor for wine or fresh grape juice. The term "blood" emphasizes the life-giving essence and richness of the grape, while "pure" signifies its unadulterated, finest quality. It points to an abundance of vineyards yielding excellent, potent wine, a symbol of joy, celebration, and divine blessing in biblical culture.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"Butter of kine, and milk of sheep":** This initial phrase immediately establishes a scene of rich pastoral abundance. "Butter" here refers to a thick, creamy dairy product, perhaps curdled milk or clotted cream, distinct from modern butter. Coupled with "milk of sheep," it highlights the plentiful yield from both major forms of livestock, providing essential and luxurious dietary staples. This speaks to a thriving economy where dairy products are not just available, but of high quality.
* **"with fat of lambs, and rams of the breed of Bashan, and goats":** This clause expands on the animal bounty, focusing on meat and the quality of livestock. "Fat of lambs" indicates the choicest, most succulent portions of young sheep, often reserved for sacrificial offerings or special feasts, signifying the best of the best. The inclusion of "rams of the breed of Bashan" specifically points to superior, robust, and well-nourished animals from a renowned fertile region, further emphasizing the excellence and strength of the provision. "And goats" completes the picture of comprehensive livestock provision.
* **"with the fat of kidneys of wheat":** This poetic expression shifts from animal products to agricultural produce. As discussed in Key Word Analysis, "fat of kidneys of wheat" is a metaphor for the finest, most nourishing, and essential part of the wheat. It signifies not just an abundance of grain, but grain of the highest quality, capable of producing the richest and most satisfying bread. This suggests a land so fertile that even its staple crop yields exceptional quality.
* **"and thou didst drink the pure blood of the grape":** The verse concludes with a powerful metaphor for wine. "Pure blood of the grape" refers to unadulterated, high-quality wine or fresh grape juice. The term "blood" emphasizes the life-giving, vibrant essence of the fruit, while "pure" denotes its unmixed, excellent quality. This image speaks of flourishing vineyards and an abundance of this culturally significant beverage, symbolizing joy, prosperity, and the fullness of God's blessing.

#### Literary Devices
Deuteronomy 32:14 is rich in literary artistry, primarily employing **Imagery** to paint a vivid, sensory picture of God's abundant provision. The detailed listing of "butter of kine," "milk of sheep," "fat of lambs," "rams of the breed of Bashan," "fat of kidneys of wheat," and "pure blood of the grape" appeals directly to the senses of taste, touch, and sight, allowing the listener or reader to almost experience the richness and quality of the bounty. The verse also makes powerful use of **Metaphor**, most notably in "fat of kidneys of wheat" and "pure blood of the grape." These are not literal descriptions but figurative expressions that elevate the quality and essence of the produce, transforming common foodstuffs into symbols of divine excellence and life-giving sustenance. The cumulative effect of these lavish descriptions borders on **Hyperbole**, exaggerating the extent of the provision to underscore God's boundless generosity and the unparalleled nature of His blessing. Furthermore, the verse utilizes **Merism** or **Synecdoche** by listing specific, representative elements (dairy, meat, grain, wine) to encompass the totality of agricultural and pastoral wealth, signifying complete and comprehensive provision.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Deuteronomy 32:14 transcends a mere inventory of foodstuffs; it is a profound theological statement about the character of God and His relationship with His people. The lavishness described is a tangible manifestation of God's covenant faithfulness and His desire for Israel's flourishing. This abundance is not accidental but purposeful, demonstrating Yahweh's commitment to provide for His chosen nation in a way that reflects His own glory and generosity. It teaches that God delights in blessing His people with the very best, not just meeting their basic needs but overflowing them with goodness. This material prosperity was a sign of His presence and favor, a foretaste of the full redemption and restoration He would bring. The verse also subtly highlights the concept of dependence; Israel's prosperity was entirely contingent on God's provision, not their own efforts, fostering a spirit of gratitude and trust.

* [Psalm 23:5](/psalms/23-5 "Psalm 23:5 - God Prepares a Table")
* [Joel 2:24](/joel/2-24 "Joel 2:24 - Abundant Harvest")
* [Nehemiah 9:25](/nehemiah/9-25 "Nehemiah 9:25 - God's Goodness in the Land")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Deuteronomy 32:14 serves as a timeless reminder of God's boundless generosity and meticulous care for His people. While the specific blessings for ancient Israel were often agricultural and pastoral, the underlying principle of God's abundant provision remains profoundly relevant for believers today. We are called to recognize that God is not a God of scarcity but of surplus, not of mere adequacy but of overflowing goodness. This verse encourages us to cultivate a deep trust in His ability and willingness to meet our needs, both physical and spiritual, often providing far beyond what we could ask or imagine. It challenges us to look beyond immediate circumstances and see the countless ways God provides "fat of kidneys of wheat" and "pure blood of the grape" in our own lives—whether through daily sustenance, unexpected blessings, spiritual nourishment from His Word, or the rich fellowship of His church. Such a perspective fosters profound gratitude and a deeper reliance on His unfailing love.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **How does this verse challenge our understanding of God's generosity, moving beyond mere sufficiency to true abundance?**
* **In what specific ways do you see God's "fat of kidneys of wheat" or "pure blood of the grape" manifesting in your life today, even if not in material form?**
* **What areas of your life are you currently struggling to trust God with, and how might reflecting on His past and promised provision encourage you?**
* **How can recognizing God's abundant provision lead to greater gratitude and generosity in your own life towards others?**

### FAQ

**Why does the KJV say "butter of kine" instead of milk?**

Answer: The King James Version's translation of "butter" (Hebrew _ḥemʾâ_) in this context refers to a rich, thick dairy product, likely curdled milk, cream, or a form of soft cheese, rather than the solidified butter we know today. In ancient pastoral societies, milk was often processed into more stable and concentrated forms. "Kine" is an archaic English term for cattle. So, "butter of kine" signifies the finest, richest dairy products derived from cattle, emphasizing the quality and abundance of their yield.

**What is "fat of kidneys of wheat"?**

Answer: This is a powerful poetic metaphor, not a literal description. In ancient Hebrew thought, the "kidneys" (or "reins") were often associated with the innermost, vital, or choicest part of a being or thing. Therefore, "fat of kidneys of wheat" refers to the richest, most nourishing, and finest quality of wheat flour. It signifies the very essence and best yield of the grain, capable of producing the most satisfying and nutrient-dense bread. It speaks to the superlative quality of the agricultural bounty God provided.

**Does "pure blood of the grape" refer to literal blood?**

Answer: No, "pure blood of the grape" is a vivid and potent metaphor for wine or fresh grape juice. The term "blood" emphasizes the life-giving essence, vibrancy, and richness of the grape, while "pure" signifies its unadulterated, excellent quality. It is a poetic way to describe the finest vintage or freshest juice from abundant vineyards, symbolizing joy, prosperity, and divine blessing. It has no connection to literal blood, the consumption of which was strictly forbidden in Israelite law (e.g., [Leviticus 17:11](/leviticus/17-11 "Leviticus 17:11 - The Sanctity of Blood")).

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Deuteronomy 32:14, with its vivid portrayal of God's lavish provision for Israel, finds its ultimate and most profound fulfillment in Jesus Christ. The physical abundance of "butter of kine," "fat of kidneys of wheat," and "pure blood of the grape" foreshadows the spiritual abundance and eternal sustenance offered through Him. Jesus Himself declares, "I am the [bread of life](/john/6-35 "John 6:35 - Jesus, the Bread of Life"); whoever comes to me shall not hunger, and whoever believes in me shall never thirst." He is the true and living manna from heaven, providing spiritual nourishment that far surpasses any earthly provision. Furthermore, the "pure blood of the grape" powerfully prefigures the new covenant established in His own blood, shed on the cross for the forgiveness of sins, as He proclaimed at the Last Supper (e.g., [Luke 22:20](/luke/22-20 "Luke 22:20 - The New Covenant in His Blood")). Through His sacrifice, Christ provides not merely sustenance but abundant life (as promised in [John 10:10](/john/10-10 "John 10:10 - Abundant Life in Christ")), satisfying the deepest spiritual hunger and thirst. He is the ultimate Good Shepherd who leads His flock to green pastures and still waters, ensuring their complete provision and flourishing in every dimension of their being.

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Genesis 49:11

Binding his foal unto the vine, and his ass's colt unto the choice vine; he washed his garments in wine, and his clothes in the blood of grapes:

Psalms 81:16

He should have fed them also with the finest of the wheat: and with honey out of the rock should I have satisfied thee.

Psalms 147:14

He maketh peace [in] thy borders, [and] filleth thee with the finest of the wheat.

Ezekiel 39:18

Ye shall eat the flesh of the mighty, and drink the blood of the princes of the earth, of rams, of lambs, and of goats, of bullocks, all of them fatlings of Bashan.

Job 20:17

He shall not see the rivers, the floods, the brooks of honey and butter.

Isaiah 7:22

And it shall come to pass, for the abundance of milk [that] they shall give he shall eat butter: for butter and honey shall every one eat that is left in the land.

Genesis 18:8

And he took butter, and milk, and the calf which he had dressed, and set [it] before them; and he stood by them under the tree, and they did eat.