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Public-domain commentary
Matthew Henry
From his Commentary on the Whole Bible. Henry comments on passages, not single verses — this entry covers Colossians 3:8–11.
As we are to mortify inordinate appetites, so we are to mortify inordinate passions (Col 3:8): But now you also put off all these, anger wrath, malice; for these are contrary to the design of the gospel, as well as grosser impurities; and, though they are more spiritual wickedness, have not less malignity in them. The gospel religion introduces a change of the higher as well as the lower powers of the soul, and supports the dominion of right reason and conscience over appetite and passion. Anger and wrath are bad, but malice is worse, because it is more rooted and deliberate; it is anger heightened and settled. And, as the corrupt principles in the heart must be cut off, so the product of them in the tongue; as blasphemy, which seems there to mean, not so much speaking ill of God as speaking ill of men, giving ill language to them, or raising ill reports of them, and injuring their good name by any evil arts, - filthy communication, that is, all lewd and wanton discourse, which comes from a polluted mind in the speaker and propagates the same defilements in the hearers, - and lying: Lie not one to another (Col 3:9), for it is contrary both to the law of truth and the law of love, it is both unjust and unkind, and naturally tends to destroy all faith and friendship among mankind. Lying makes us like the devil (who is the father of lies), and is a prime part of the devil's image upon our souls; and therefore we are cautioned against this sin by this general reason: Seeing you have put off the old man with his deeds, and have put on the new man, Col 3:10. The consideration that we have by profession put away sin and espoused the cause and interest of Christ, that we have renounced all sin and stand engaged to Christ, should fortify us against this sin of lying. Those who have put off the old man have put it off with its deeds; and those who have put on the new man must put on all its deeds - not only espouse good principles but act them in a good conversation. The new man is said to be renewed in knowledge, because an ignorant soul cannot be a good soul. Without knowledge the heart cannot be good, Pro 19:2. The grace of God works upon the will and affections by renewing the understanding. Light is the first thing in the new creation, as it was in the first: after the image of him who created him. It was the honour of man in innocence that he was made after the image of God; but that image was defaced and lost by sin, and is renewed by sanctifying grace: so that a renewed soul is something like what Adam was in the day he was created. In the privilege and duty of sanctification there is neither Greek nor Jew, circumcision nor uncircumcision, Barbarian, Scythian, bond nor free, Col 3:11. There is now no difference arising from different country or different condition and circumstance of life: it is as much the duty of the one as of the other to be holy, and as much the privilege of the one as of the other to receive from God the grace to be so. Christ came to take down all partition-walls, that all might stand on the same level before God, both in duty and privilege. And for this reason, because Christ is all in all. Christ is a Christian's all, his only Lord and Saviour, and all his hope and happiness. And to those who are sanctified, one as well as another and whatever they are in other respects, he is all in all, the Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the end: he is all in all things to them.
Historical interpretation
Two Centuries of Reception
7 surviving comments on this verse. Each one is dated, so this reads as a timeline rather than a list.
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, "earthly"], which, when the apostle commands us to lay aside, he says in the same Epistle, "Cast ye off the old man with his deeds."
Seek nothing with exterior gold and bodily adornment; but consider the garment as one worthy to adorn him who is according to the image of his Creator, as the apostle says: “Stripping off the old man, and putting on the new, one that is being renewed unto perfect knowledge ‘according to the image of his Creator.’” And he who has put on “the heart of mercy, kindness, humility, patience and meekness” is clothed within and has adorned the inner man.
And even so we say that the true and perfect soul is the human soul, as is clear from the very nature of its operations in both sensory power and intellect. Anything else that shares in life, because it possesses the power of growth, we call animate by a sort of customary misuse of language, because in these cases the soul does not exist in a perfect condition…. Thus Paul, advising those who were able to hear him to lay hold on perfection, indicates also the mode in which they may attain that object. He tells them that they must “put off the old man” and put on the man “which is renewed after the image of him that created him.” Now may we all return to that divine grace in which God at the first created man, when he said, “Let us make man in our image and likeness.”
Therefore, as upon the cross it was not the fullness of the Godhead but our weakness that was brought into subjection, so also will the Son hereafter become subject to the Father in his participation in our nature. This is so that when the lusts of the flesh are brought into subjection the heart may have no concern for riches or ambition or pleasures. The intention is that God may be all to us, if we live after his image and likeness, as far as we can attain to it, through all. The benefit has passed, then, from the individual to the community; for in his flesh he has tamed the nature of all human flesh…. Therefore, “laying aside all these,” that is those things we read of: “anger, malice, blasphemy, filthy communication”; as he also says below: “Let us, having put off the old man with his deeds, put on the new man, which is renewed in knowledge after the image of him that created him."
One royal form it hath, that, namely, of Christ. They whom he has in view, appear to me rather to be of the Gentiles. For like as earth, being but sand, even though one part be greater, another less, losing its own previous form, doth afterwards become gold; and like as wool, of whatever kind it be, receiveth another aspect, and hides its former one: so truly is it also with the faithful.
"Seeing that ye have put off the old man with his doings, and have put on the new man, which is being renewed unto knowledge after the image of Him that created him."
It is worth enquiring here, what can be the reason why he calls the corrupt life, "members," and "man," and "body," and again the virtuous life, the same. And if "the man" means "sins," how is it that he saith, "with his doings"? For once he said, "the old man," showing that this is not man, but the other. The moral choice doth rather determine one than the substance, and is rather "man" than the other. For his substance casteth him not into hell, nor leadeth him into the kingdom, but men the themselves: and we neither love nor hate any one so far as he is man, but so far as he is such or such a man. If then the substance be the body, and in either sort cannot be accountable, how doth he say that it is evil? But what is that he saith, "with his doings"? He means the choice, with the acts. And he calleth him "old," on purpose to show his deformity, and hideousness, and imbecility; and "new," as if to say, Do not expect that it will be with this one even as with the other, but the reverse: for ever as he farther advances, he hasteneth not on to old age, but to a youthfulness greater than the preceding. For when he hath received a fuller knowledge, he is both counted worthy of greater things, and is in more perfect maturity, in higher vigor; and this, not from youthfulness alone, but from that "likeness" also, "after" which he is. Lo! the best life is styled a creation, after the image of Christ: for this is the meaning of, "after the image of Him that created him," for Christ too came not finally to old age, but was so beautiful as it is not even possible to tell.
The renewal and reforming of the mind takes place “after God,” or “after God’s image”: it is said to be “after God,” to exclude one thinking it to be after some other creature; and “after God’s image,” to make it plain that the renewal is effected in the place where God’s image is, that is, in the mind. .
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Summary
Colossians 3:9 serves as a crucial ethical imperative within Paul's letter, urging believers to abandon deceitful practices. This command is rooted in the profound theological reality that through Christ, they have undergone a radical transformation, shedding their former, unregenerate identity—the "old man"—along with its inherent sinful behaviors. The verse thus calls for a consistent alignment of conduct with this new spiritual status, emphasizing truthfulness as a hallmark of the Christian life.
Context
Literary Context
Colossians 3 marks a significant transition in Paul's letter from theological exposition to practical exhortation. Having established the supremacy of Christ and the believer's new identity "hidden with Christ in God" (Colossians 3:3), Paul pivots to the ethical implications of this spiritual reality. The chapter begins with a call to "seek those things which are above" (Colossians 3:1), setting the stage for a life lived in accordance with heavenly values. Verses 5-8 list specific vices that characterized their former pagan lives, such as "fornication, uncleanness, inordinate affection, evil concupiscence, and covetousness" (Colossians 3:5) and "anger, wrath, malice, blasphemy, filthy communication" (Colossians 3:8). Verse 9, "Lie not one to another," continues this list of behaviors to be "put off," directly linking the rejection of deceit to the fundamental change in identity described in the subsequent verse, where believers are said to have "put on the new man" (Colossians 3:10).
Historical & Cultural Context
The city of Colossae, located in Asia Minor (modern-day Turkey), was a melting pot of various religious and philosophical influences, including syncretistic forms of Judaism, Gnosticism, and local pagan cults. These belief systems often promoted esoteric knowledge or ritualistic practices as paths to spiritual enlightenment, sometimes leading to moral laxity or, conversely, extreme asceticism. Paul's letter combats these false teachings by emphasizing the sufficiency and supremacy of Christ. In such a diverse and often morally ambiguous environment, the command against lying was particularly pertinent. Deceit was a common practice in the ancient world, whether in business, politics, or personal relationships. For early Christians, living truthfully was a counter-cultural act that distinguished them as followers of a God of truth, contrasting sharply with the prevalent dishonesty and idolatry. The emphasis on community within the early church also made truthfulness vital for fostering trust and genuine fellowship, essential for their survival and witness in a hostile world.
Key Themes
Colossians 3:9 contributes significantly to several major theological and narrative themes within the letter. Foremost among these is the theme of Radical Transformation and New Identity in Christ. The phrase "ye have put off the old man" encapsulates the decisive break believers make with their former sinful existence upon conversion, a theme echoed in Romans 6:6 and Ephesians 4:22-24. This transformation is not merely behavioral modification but a fundamental change in who they are, enabling them to live a new life. Connected to this is the theme of Practical Ethics Flowing from Theology. Paul consistently grounds ethical commands in theological truths. Because believers are united with Christ and have a new identity, their conduct must reflect this reality. Lying, therefore, is incompatible with their new nature. Finally, the verse highlights the theme of Community and Interpersonal Relationships. The command "Lie not one to another" specifically addresses conduct within the Christian community, underscoring the importance of truthfulness for building healthy, trusting relationships among believers, which is foundational for the unity and witness of the church as described throughout Colossians 3.
Exposition and Analysis
Key Word Analysis
This verb (G5574) means to utter an untruth or to attempt to deceive by falsehood. It encompasses any form of intentional misrepresentation or dishonesty, whether spoken or acted. The present tense imperative ("Lie not") indicates a continuous prohibition, forbidding the ongoing practice of lying.
This verb (G554) is in the middle voice, meaning "to divest wholly oneself" or "to despoil for oneself." It conveys the decisive, voluntary, and complete act of stripping off something, much like removing old, dirty clothes. The aorist participle indicates a completed action that has already taken place, serving as the basis for the subsequent command. Believers have already put off the old man.
This adjective (G3820) means antique, not recent, or worn out. When applied to the "man," it refers to the former, unregenerate self, characterized by its fallen nature and sinful habits, which is now considered obsolete and discarded.
Verse Breakdown
"Lie not one to another,"
This is a direct, imperative command, prohibiting the practice of falsehood within the community of believers. The phrase "one to another" (G1519 eis G240 allḗlōn) emphasizes the relational aspect of this command, highlighting the importance of honesty in fostering trust and genuine fellowship among Christians. It implies that deceit undermines the very fabric of Christian community.
"seeing that ye have put off the old man"
This clause provides the theological basis for the command against lying. The Greek participle "seeing that ye have put off" (G554 apekdýomai) indicates a completed action that serves as the foundation for the ethical imperative. Believers have decisively and completely stripped off their former, unregenerate self, which was characterized by sin. This "old man" (G3820 palaiós G444 ánthrōpos) represents the totality of their pre-conversion identity, dominated by sin and rebellion against God.
"with his deeds;"
This phrase clarifies that the "old man" is not merely an abstract concept but is intrinsically linked to specific behaviors and practices. The preposition "with" (G4862 sýn) denotes association or companionship, indicating that the deeds (G4234 prâxis, meaning practice or act) are an integral part of the "old man's" identity. Therefore, when the old man is put off, his characteristic actions, including lying, must also be discarded.
Literary Devices
The verse employs Symbolism through the powerful imagery of "putting off the old man." The "old man" is a symbolic representation of the believer's former, unregenerate self, characterized by sin and alienation from God. This metaphor evokes the act of shedding old, worn-out, and perhaps dirty clothing, signifying a complete and decisive break from a past way of life. It emphasizes that the transformation in Christ is not superficial but a radical change of identity that necessitates a corresponding change in behavior. This imagery is further reinforced by the implied Contrast between the "old man" and the "new man" (mentioned in the subsequent verse, Colossians 3:10), highlighting the distinct ethical demands of each identity.
Theological and Thematic Connections
Colossians 3:9 underscores a fundamental theological truth: Christian ethics are not arbitrary rules but flow directly from a transformed identity in Christ. Having been united with Christ in His death and resurrection, believers are no longer defined by their former sinful nature. This radical change in status necessitates a corresponding change in conduct. Lying, being a characteristic deed of the "old man," is utterly incompatible with the "new man" who is being renewed in the image of God. This principle highlights the holistic nature of salvation, impacting not only one's spiritual standing but also every aspect of daily life and interpersonal relationships. Truthfulness, therefore, becomes a vital expression of one's new creation in Christ and a reflection of God's own character, who is truth and cannot lie.
Reflection and Application
Colossians 3:9 calls believers to a profound integrity that extends beyond mere avoidance of outright falsehoods. It challenges us to examine the subtle ways dishonesty might manifest in our lives, from exaggerations and half-truths to misrepresentations and omissions of fact, all of which erode trust and contradict our new identity in Christ. Since we have been decisively "put off the old man," our lives should be characterized by an unwavering commitment to truth in all our interactions—with family, friends, colleagues, and even strangers. This means cultivating a heart that values honesty, not just as a rule, but as an overflow of our transformed nature. Living truthfully is a powerful witness to the world, demonstrating the reality and transforming power of the gospel, and it fosters genuine, healthy relationships within the body of Christ, building a community founded on trust and transparency.
Questions for Reflection
FAQ
What does "the old man" refer to in this verse, and why is it important to "put him off"?
In Colossians 3:9, "the old man" (Greek: ho palaios anthrōpos) refers to the believer's former, unregenerate self—the sinful nature and identity that characterized their life before conversion to Christ. It encompasses all the desires, habits, and ways of thinking that were enslaved to sin. Paul uses this imagery to emphasize a decisive break with the past. To "put off" the old man means to consciously and continually reject and abandon the sinful practices and attitudes that defined one's life apart from Christ. This is crucial because our new identity in Christ demands a new way of living; the deeds of the old man, like lying, are incompatible with the character of the "new man" who is being renewed in the knowledge and image of God (Colossians 3:10). It's a call to align our daily conduct with our spiritual reality.
Christ-Centered Fulfillment
Colossians 3:9, with its command to "Lie not one to another, seeing that ye have put off the old man with his deeds," finds its ultimate fulfillment and enablement in Christ. The "putting off of the old man" is not a human achievement but a spiritual reality accomplished through union with Christ in His death and resurrection. As Romans 6:6 declares, "our old man is crucified with him, that the body of sin might be destroyed, that henceforth we should not serve sin." Jesus Christ Himself is the embodiment of truth, proclaiming, "I am the way, the truth, and the life" (John 14:6). His life was marked by perfect integrity, and He exposed the lies and hypocrisy of the religious leaders (Matthew 23). Through His atoning sacrifice, Christ broke the power of sin, including the dominion of falsehood, enabling believers to walk in newness of life. The Holy Spirit, whom Jesus promised as the "Spirit of truth" (John 16:13), indwells believers, empowering them to live truthfully and to manifest the character of Christ, who "did no sin, neither was guile found in his mouth" (1 Peter 2:22). Thus, our ability to "put off" lying and live in truth is a direct result of Christ's finished work and the ongoing sanctifying power of His Spirit within us.