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circa 1050–1010 BC
Samuel & King Saul
Israel demands a king; Samuel anoints Saul, whose disobedience leads to his rejection as God chooses a man after his own heart.
David's men said to him, "Look, we're already afraid here in Y'hudah. How much more, then, if we go to Ke'ilah to fight the armies of the P'lishtim!"
David consulted ADONAI again; and ADONAI answered him, "Set out, and go down to Ke'ilah, because I will hand the P'lishtim over to you.
David and his men went to Ke'ilah and fought the P'lishtim. They defeated them in a great slaughter and led away their livestock. Thus David saved the inhabitants of Ke'ilah.
When Avyatar the son of Achimelekh fled to David in Ke'ilah, he had brought a ritual vest with him.
- 1 Samuel 23:7c. 1061 BC
Now Sha'ul, on being informed that David had gone to Ke'ilah, had said, "God has put him into my hands. He's trapped himself by entering a town with gates and bars."
- 1 Samuel 23:8c. 1061 BC
So Sha'ul summoned all the people to war, to go down to Ke'ilah and besiege David and his men.
- 1 Samuel 23:9c. 1061 BC
David knew that Sha'ul was plotting something against him, so he told Avyatar the cohen, "Bring the ritual vest here."
- 1 Samuel 23:10c. 1061 BC
Then David said, "ADONAI God of Isra'el, your servant has certainly heard that Sha'ul intends to come to Ke'ilah and destroy the city just to get me.
- 1 Samuel 23:11c. 1061 BC
Will the men of Ke'ilah turn me over to him? Will Sha'ul come down, as your servant has heard? ADONAI God of Isra'el, please tell your servant!"ADONAI said, "He will come down."
- 1 Samuel 23:12c. 1061 BC
Then David asked, "Will the men of Ke'ilah hand me and my men over to Sha'ul?"ADONAI said, "They will hand you over."
- 1 Samuel 23:13c. 1061 BC
So David and his men, now around six hundred, got up, left Ke'ilah and went wherever they could. It was told Sha'ul that David had escaped from Ke'ilah, so he called off the expedition.
- 1 Samuel 23:14c. 1061 BC
David stayed in the desert strongholds, remaining in the hills of the Zif Desert. Sha'ul kept trying to find him, but God did not hand him over to him
- 1 Samuel 23:15c. 1061 BC
David saw that Sha'ul had mounted another expedition to seek his life. David was then at Horesh in the Zif Desert.
- 1 Samuel 23:16c. 1061 BC
Y'honatan Sha'ul's son set out and went to David at Horesh to encourage him in God.
- 1 Samuel 23:17c. 1061 BC
He said to him, "Don't be afraid, because my father's forces will not find you; you will be king over Isra'el, and I will be second to you. Sha'ul my father knows this, too."
- 1 Samuel 23:18c. 1061 BC
Then the two of them made a covenant in the presence of ADONAI, after which David stayed at Horesh and Y'honatan returned home.
- 1 Samuel 23:19c. 1061 BC
The people of Zif came to Sha'ul in Giv'ah and said, "David is hiding himself with us in the strongholds at Horesh, on Hakhilah Hill, south of Yeshimon
- 1 Samuel 23:20c. 1061 BC
So now, king, since you've wanted so much to come down, come down! Our part will be to turn him over to you."
- 1 Samuel 23:21c. 1061 BC
Sha'ul said, "May ADONAI bless you for showing me compassion
- 1 Samuel 23:22c. 1061 BC
Please go and make still more certain exactly where he is and who has seen him there, because I've been told that he's very tricky.
- 1 Samuel 23:23c. 1061 BC
So look closely, find out where all his hiding-places are, and come back when you're sure. Then I will go with you, and if he is there in that territory, I'll search till I find him among all the thousands of Y'hudah."
- 1 Samuel 23:24c. 1061 BC
They set out and went to Zif before Sha'ul. But David and his men had gone on to the Ma'on Desert, in the 'Aravah south of Yeshimon.
- 1 Samuel 23:25c. 1061 BC
Sha'ul and his men went searching for him. David was told, so he came down to the rock and stayed in the Ma'on Desert. When Sha'ul heard that, he pursued David in the Ma'on Desert.
- 1 Samuel 23:26c. 1061 BC
Sha'ul went along one side of the mountain, while David and his men went along the other. David was hurrying to get away from Sha'ul, while Sha'ul and his men were trying to surround David and his men in order to capture them.
- 1 Samuel 23:27c. 1061 BC
But then a messenger came to Sha'ul, saying, "Hurry, come, because the P'lishtim are invading the country!"