Proverbs 22:28

KJV

¶ Remove not the ancient landmark, which thy fathers have set.

KJV (with Strong's)

Remove {H5253} not the ancient {H5769} landmark {H1366}, which thy fathers {H1} have set {H6213}.

Complete Jewish Bible

Don't move the ancient boundary stone set up by your ancestors.

Berean Standard Bible

Do not move an ancient boundary stone which your fathers have placed.

American Standard Version

Remove not the ancient landmark, Which thy fathers have set.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Proverbs 22:28 issues a profound directive to preserve established boundaries and foundational principles. It cautions against the removal of "ancient landmarks," which, in its literal sense, refers to the physical markers delineating property lines set by previous generations. Metaphorically, the proverb extends its wisdom to encompass the enduring moral, ethical, and theological standards that provide stability and justice within a community, emphasizing the importance of respecting inherited wisdom and the structures that ensure societal well-being.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** Proverbs 22:28 is situated within a larger collection of wisdom sayings (Proverbs 22:17–24:34), often referred to as "the Sayings of the Wise." This section, distinct from the earlier Solomonic proverbs, frequently employs a didactic tone, offering practical advice and moral instruction. The immediate verses preceding this proverb (e.g., [Proverbs 22:26-27](/proverbs/22-26 "Proverbs 22:26-27 - Warnings Against Debt")) deal with matters of financial prudence and social responsibility, while subsequent verses continue to address themes of justice, integrity, and the dangers of various vices. The proverb itself stands as a concise, self-contained unit, yet it resonates deeply with the overarching emphasis on righteousness, order, and the consequences of deviation from established norms that permeate the book of Proverbs. It serves as a foundational principle for maintaining societal harmony and individual integrity.
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** In ancient Israel, land was not merely a commodity but a sacred inheritance, divinely allotted to each tribe and family (e.g., [Numbers 26:52-56](/numbers/26-52 "Numbers 26:52-56 - Division of the Land")). Property boundaries were marked by stones or piles of rocks, known as "landmarks" (Hebrew: *gᵉbûwl*). These markers were crucial for defining family patrimony, ensuring agricultural stability, and preventing disputes. To move a landmark was an act of theft and a severe violation of justice, as it unjustly encroached upon a neighbor's God-given inheritance. Mosaic Law explicitly condemned such an act, pronouncing a curse upon those who would do so (e.g., [Deuteronomy 19:14](/deuteronomy/19-14 "Deuteronomy 19:14 - Do Not Move Your Neighbor's Landmark") and [Deuteronomy 27:17](/deuteronomy/27-17 "Deuteronomy 27:17 - Curse for Moving a Landmark")). The "fathers" (Hebrew: *ʼâb*) refer to the ancestral figures who originally established these vital divisions, imbuing the boundaries with historical, legal, and even spiritual authority. This cultural reverence for land and its boundaries underscores the gravity of the proverb's warning.
* **Key Themes:** This proverb contributes significantly to several key themes found throughout the book of Proverbs and broader biblical wisdom literature. Firstly, it underscores the theme of **Justice and Equity**, highlighting the importance of respecting property rights and fair dealings, which are foundational for a stable society. Secondly, it champions **Respect for Established Order and Tradition**, emphasizing the value of inherited wisdom and the structures put in place by righteous predecessors. The "ancient landmark" symbolizes not just physical boundaries but also moral, ethical, and even theological principles that have stood the test of time. Thirdly, it touches upon the theme of **Consequences of Transgression**, implying that the removal of such foundational markers, whether physical or metaphorical, inevitably leads to disorder, injustice, and the erosion of communal well-being. This aligns with Proverbs' consistent teaching that wisdom leads to life and folly to destruction, urging adherence to God's established ways.

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
#### Key Word Analysis
* **remove (Hebrew, _nâçag'_):** From H5253, a primitive root meaning "to retreat," "departing away," "remove," or "take (hold)." In this context, it signifies the act of deliberately displacing or altering something that is fixed. The negative command "Remove not" emphasizes the prohibition against any action that would dislodge or undermine the established boundary.
* **ancient (Hebrew, _ʻôwlâm'_):** From H5769, meaning "concealed," "time out of mind (past or future)," or "eternity." Here, "ancient" carries the weight of long-standing tradition, something established in the distant past and intended to endure. It implies not just age but also inherent authority and proven reliability, suggesting that these landmarks are not arbitrary but have a deep, enduring significance.
* **landmark (Hebrew, _gᵉbûwl'_):** From H1366, properly "a cord (as twisted)," and by implication, "a boundary" or "territory inclosed." While literally referring to a physical marker of property, in wisdom literature, it extends metaphorically to represent established limits, principles, moral standards, or societal norms. It signifies the divinely or traditionally appointed boundaries that define what is right, just, and orderly.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"Remove not the ancient landmark":** This opening clause issues a direct prohibition against disturbing or altering a boundary marker that has been in place for a long time. The "landmark" represents not only physical property lines but also, by extension, the foundational principles, moral codes, and societal structures that provide order and stability. The command implies that such established markers possess inherent authority and are crucial for maintaining justice and peace within the community.
* **"which thy fathers have set":** This second clause provides the justification and authority for the "ancient landmark." The fact that "thy fathers" (ancestors or predecessors) established these boundaries imbues them with a sense of inherited wisdom, tradition, and legitimate authority. It suggests that these landmarks are not arbitrary but were put in place with forethought and for the common good, reflecting a legacy of order and justice passed down through generations.

#### Literary Devices
The primary literary device at play in Proverbs 22:28 is **Metaphor**. The "ancient landmark" transcends its literal meaning of a physical boundary stone to symbolize established moral, ethical, social, and even theological principles. The act of "removing" it therefore represents a disregard for or active subversion of these foundational truths and traditions. This proverb also employs **Synecdoche**, where the physical landmark (a part) stands for the entire system of inherited land rights, justice, and societal order (the whole). Furthermore, it functions as a **Proverbial Statement**, a concise, memorable saying that encapsulates a universal truth, offering practical wisdom applicable across various contexts, from literal property disputes to broader questions of societal and spiritual integrity. The use of "fathers" adds an element of **Appeal to Authority** and tradition, reinforcing the legitimacy and wisdom of the established order.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Proverbs 22:28, while rooted in ancient land law, carries profound theological implications, underscoring God's character as a God of order, justice, and faithfulness. It teaches that the preservation of established boundaries, whether physical or moral, reflects a respect for divine design and the wisdom passed down through generations. To remove a landmark is to introduce chaos, injustice, and a disregard for the inheritance—both material and spiritual—that God intends for His people. This principle extends to the immutability of God's Word and His covenant promises, which serve as the ultimate "ancient landmarks" for humanity, providing an unchanging standard for truth and righteousness. Disregarding these foundational truths leads to spiritual and societal decay, much like moving a physical landmark leads to disputes and injustice.

* [Deuteronomy 19:14](/deuteronomy/19-14 "Deuteronomy 19:14 - Prohibition Against Moving Landmarks")
* [Deuteronomy 27:17](/deuteronomy/27-17 "Deuteronomy 27:17 - Curse for Moving a Neighbor's Landmark")
* [Proverbs 23:10](/proverbs/23-10 "Proverbs 23:10 - Do Not Move Ancient Landmarks")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
The wisdom of Proverbs 22:28 resonates powerfully in contemporary life, urging us to consider the foundational "landmarks" that guide our personal, communal, and spiritual existence. In a world constantly seeking novelty and often quick to dismantle traditional structures, this proverb calls for careful discernment. It challenges us to identify which established principles—moral, ethical, doctrinal, or relational—are truly "ancient" in the sense of being time-tested, divinely ordained, and beneficial, and therefore worthy of preservation. This doesn't mean clinging to every tradition blindly, but rather exercising wisdom to distinguish between transient customs and immutable truths. It encourages integrity in all our dealings, respecting the rights and boundaries of others, whether in business, personal relationships, or even in our engagement with theological truths. Ultimately, it fosters a posture of humility and respect for the wisdom of the past, recognizing that a stable and just future is often built upon the solid foundations laid by those who came before us, guided by God's enduring principles.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **What "ancient landmarks" – moral, ethical, or spiritual principles – do I recognize as foundational in my own life or community?**
* **In what ways might I be tempted to "remove" or disregard these established boundaries, either subtly or overtly?**
* **How does respecting the wisdom and legacy of "fathers" (predecessors) contribute to a more stable and just society or faith community?**
* **What is the balance between preserving ancient truths and adapting to new contexts, and how can I discern this wisely?**

### FAQ
**What does "ancient landmark" literally refer to in the context of ancient Israel?**

Answer: In ancient Israel, an "ancient landmark" (Hebrew: *gᵉbûwl*) literally referred to a physical marker, typically a stone or a pile of rocks, that delineated property boundaries between landholdings. These markers were crucial for establishing and maintaining land inheritance, which was divinely allotted to families and tribes (e.g., [Joshua 17:1-6](/joshua/17-1 "Joshua 17:1-6 - Manasseh's Inheritance")). Moving or altering these landmarks was considered a serious offense, equivalent to theft, as it unjustly encroached upon a neighbor's rightful inheritance and was explicitly forbidden by Mosaic Law (e.g., [Deuteronomy 19:14](/deuteronomy/19-14 "Deuteronomy 19:14 - Do Not Move Your Neighbor's Landmark")).

**Does this proverb apply only to physical property boundaries, or does it have a broader meaning?**

Answer: While the proverb originates from the literal context of physical property boundaries, its wisdom extends far beyond that. In the broader wisdom literature of Proverbs, the "ancient landmark" serves as a powerful **metaphor** for established moral, ethical, social, and even theological principles and traditions that have been passed down through generations. To "remove" these landmarks means to disregard, undermine, or abandon foundational truths and righteous standards. This applies to upholding justice, respecting societal order, preserving sound doctrine in faith, and maintaining integrity in all relationships, ensuring stability and well-being for individuals and communities.

**How does this proverb relate to the concept of tradition in faith?**

Answer: This proverb encourages a respectful and discerning approach to tradition. It highlights the value of "ancient" principles "set by thy fathers," implying that certain inherited truths and practices are foundational and beneficial. In a faith context, this means holding fast to the core, unchanging doctrines and ethical standards revealed in Scripture and affirmed by the faithful throughout history (e.g., [2 Thessalonians 2:15](/2_thessalonians/2-15 "2 Thessalonians 2:15 - Hold to the Traditions")). However, it does not advocate for blind adherence to all traditions, but rather for discerning which "landmarks" are truly ancient and righteous, distinguishing them from human customs that might contradict God's revealed will (e.g., [Mark 7:8-9](/mark/7-8 "Mark 7:8-9 - Human Traditions vs. God's Commands")). The emphasis is on preserving what is good, true, and just for the flourishing of God's people.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Proverbs 22:28, with its call to preserve ancient landmarks, finds its ultimate and profound fulfillment in Jesus Christ. He is the eternal "ancient landmark" of God's truth, the unmoving cornerstone upon whom all true spiritual reality is built. While the Old Testament landmark pointed to the stability of physical inheritance and the Mosaic Law, Christ embodies the unchanging nature of God's redemptive plan and the eternal covenant. Jesus declared, "Do not think that I have come to abolish the Law or the Prophets; I have not come to abolish them but to fulfill them" ([Matthew 5:17](/matthew/5-17 "Matthew 5:17 - Jesus Fulfills the Law")). He did not remove the ancient landmarks of God's righteous requirements but perfectly upheld them and fulfilled their deepest meaning through His life, death, and resurrection.

Furthermore, Christ Himself is the ultimate "foundation" that no one can remove or replace, as Paul writes, "For no one can lay a foundation other than that which is laid, which is Jesus Christ" ([1 Corinthians 3:11](/1_corinthians/3-11 "1 Corinthians 3:11 - Christ the Only Foundation")). He is the "chief cornerstone" rejected by builders but chosen by God ([Psalm 118:22](/psalms/118-22 "Psalm 118:22 - The Stone the Builders Rejected"); [Ephesians 2:20](/ephesians/2-20 "Ephesians 2:20 - Christ the Cornerstone")). In Christ, the "ancient landmark" of God's justice is perfectly satisfied, and the "landmark" of His grace is eternally established, offering a new and living way for humanity. Believers are called to build their lives upon this immovable foundation, not removing the truth of the Gospel or the eternal principles established by God in Christ, but rather living in accordance with them, thereby honoring the ultimate "landmark" set by the Father for all eternity ([Hebrews 13:8](/hebrews/13-8 "Hebrews 13:8 - Jesus Christ is the Same")).

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Deuteronomy 19:14

¶ Thou shalt not remove thy neighbour's landmark, which they of old time have set in thine inheritance, which thou shalt inherit in the land that the LORD thy God giveth thee to possess it.

Deuteronomy 27:17

Cursed [be] he that removeth his neighbour's landmark. And all the people shall say, Amen.

Proverbs 23:10

¶ Remove not the old landmark; and enter not into the fields of the fatherless:

Job 24:2

[Some] remove the landmarks; they violently take away flocks, and feed [thereof].