Proverbs 23:1

ΒΆ When thou sittest to eat with a ruler, consider diligently what [is] before thee:

When thou sittest {H3427} to eat {H3898} with a ruler {H4910}, consider {H995} diligently {H995} what is before {H6440} thee:

When you sit down to dine with a ruler, think carefully about who is before you.

When you sit down to dine with a ruler, consider carefully what is set before you,

When thou sittest to eat with a ruler, Consider diligently him that is before thee;

Commentary

Context

Proverbs 23:1 is a profound piece of wisdom literature, situated within the broader book of Proverbs, which offers practical guidance for living a righteous and discerning life. This particular verse addresses a specific social scenario common in the ancient Near East: dining with a ruler or high-ranking official. Such an invitation was not merely a casual meal but often carried significant social, political, and even personal implications. In a society with stark social hierarchies, interacting with those in power required immense prudence and awareness, as one's words and actions could have far-reaching consequences.

Key Themes

  • Discernment and Prudence: The core message is to "consider diligently." This implies a deep level of awareness, not just of the food, but of the entire situation, including the host's intentions, the social dynamics, and the potential for temptation or misstep. It’s a call for careful observation and strategic thinking.
  • Self-Control: While not explicitly stated in this verse, the subsequent verses in Proverbs 23 elaborate on the need for restraining one's appetite and desires when presented with an abundance. The initial command to "consider diligently" sets the stage for exercising self-mastery in a potentially tempting environment.
  • Respect for Authority: The verse implicitly acknowledges the power dynamic. One must approach such an interaction with respect for the ruler's position, understanding that their actions and words carry more weight than usual. This ties into the broader biblical principle of respecting governing authorities.
  • Awareness of Hidden Motives: The ruler's hospitality might not be purely benevolent. There could be tests, traps, or expectations. The wise person remains vigilant, understanding that what appears on the surface may not be the whole truth, especially when dealing with those in positions of influence.

Linguistic Insights

The phrase "consider diligently" in Hebrew is derived from the root biyn (Χ‘Φ΄ΦΌΧ™ΧŸ), which means to "understand," "discern," or "perceive." It's not merely a superficial glance but a command to apply deep thought, insight, and intelligence to the situation. It suggests a thorough assessment of all factors, both obvious and subtle, highlighting the importance of wisdom as the principal thing in such high-stakes interactions.

Practical Application

While most people today may not literally "eat with a ruler" in the ancient sense, the principles of Proverbs 23:1 remain profoundly relevant. This verse offers timeless advice for navigating any significant social or professional encounter:

  • Mindfulness in Important Meetings: Whether it's a job interview, a business negotiation, a formal dinner, or a meeting with a superior, approach it with careful consideration. Think about the purpose of the gathering, the expectations, and your own role.
  • Self-Control and Etiquette: Be mindful of your conduct, speech, and even your appetite. Avoid gluttony, boastfulness, or speaking out of turn. This aligns with advice found in Proverbs 25:6-7, which warns against exalting oneself in the presence of a king.
  • Discernment of Intentions: Learn to read between the lines. Is the situation genuinely what it appears to be? Are there underlying agendas or expectations? Prudence helps one avoid being manipulated or making regrettable mistakes.
  • Guarding Your Words: Just as one considers the food, one must consider every word spoken. In formal settings, an ill-chosen remark can have significant repercussions. As Proverbs 21:23 states, "Whoso keepeth his mouth and his tongue keepeth his soul from troubles."

In essence, Proverbs 23:1 calls for a heightened sense of situational awareness and self-mastery, ensuring that one acts with wisdom and integrity in the presence of influence and opportunity.

Note: If the commentary doesn’t appear instantly, please allow 2–5 seconds for it to load. It is generated by Gemini 2.5 Flash using a prompt focused on Biblical fidelity over bias. While the insights have been consistently reliable, we encourage prayerful discernment through the Holy Spirit.

Please note that only the commentary section is AI-generated β€” the main Scripture and cross-references are stored on the site and are from trusted and verified sources.

Cross-References

  • Jude 1:12

    These are spots in your feasts of charity, when they feast with you, feeding themselves without fear: clouds [they are] without water, carried about of winds; trees whose fruit withereth, without fruit, twice dead, plucked up by the roots;

  • Genesis 43:32

    And they set on for him by himself, and for them by themselves, and for the Egyptians, which did eat with him, by themselves: because the Egyptians might not eat bread with the Hebrews; for that [is] an abomination unto the Egyptians.

  • Genesis 43:34

    And he took [and sent] messes unto them from before him: but Benjamin's mess was five times so much as any of theirs. And they drank, and were merry with him.
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