Proverbs 23:10

KJV

¶ Remove not the old landmark; and enter not into the fields of the fatherless:

KJV (with Strong's)

Remove {H5253} not the old {H5769} landmark {H1366}; and enter {H935} not into the fields {H7704} of the fatherless {H3490}:

Complete Jewish Bible

Don't move the ancient boundary stone or encroach on the land of the fatherless;

Berean Standard Bible

Do not move an ancient boundary stone or encroach on the fields of the fatherless,

American Standard Version

Remove not the ancient landmark; And enter not into the fields of the fatherless:

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Proverbs 23:10 presents a dual admonition against two distinct yet related forms of social injustice: the illicit alteration of established property boundaries and the predatory exploitation of society's most vulnerable members, particularly the fatherless. This proverb serves as a foundational ethical imperative, emphasizing the sanctity of inherited rights, the preservation of communal stability, and the divine mandate to protect those who lack the means to defend themselves, thereby fostering a righteous and equitable social order.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** Proverbs 23 is situated within a significant collection of wisdom sayings, often identified as "the words of the wise" (Proverbs 22:17-24:34). This section of Proverbs systematically imparts practical wisdom for navigating life righteously, frequently addressing themes of justice, wealth, interpersonal conduct, and the inevitable consequences of moral choices. Immediately preceding this verse, [Proverbs 23:9](/proverbs/23-9 "Proverbs 23:9 - Do Not Speak to a Fool") cautions against wasting wisdom on those incapable of receiving it, while the verses that follow, specifically [Proverbs 23:11-12](/proverbs/23-11-12 "Proverbs 23:11-12 - The Lord Defends the Oppressed"), powerfully affirm God's role as the defender of the oppressed and underscore the vital importance of heeding instruction. Consequently, Proverbs 23:10 seamlessly integrates into this broader discourse on ethical conduct, particularly concerning the just treatment of others and the profound respect for established order.

* **Historical & Cultural Context:** In ancient Israel, land was far more than a mere commodity; it was a sacred trust, an inheritance divinely apportioned to families and tribes following the conquest (e.g., [Numbers 26](/numbers/26 "Numbers 26 - Census and Land Distribution")). Property boundaries were meticulously defined by physical markers, typically stones or pillars, known as "landmarks" (Hebrew: *gevul*). The surreptitious removal or alteration of these landmarks constituted a grave offense, akin to outright theft, as it directly jeopardized a family's economic stability and generational legacy. The Mosaic Law unequivocally condemned this practice, even pronouncing a solemn curse upon those who engaged in it, as seen in [Deuteronomy 19:14](/deuteronomy/19-14 "Deuteronomy 19:14 - Prohibition Against Moving Landmarks") and [Deuteronomy 27:17](/deuteronomy/27-17 "Deuteronomy 27:17 - Curse for Moving Landmarks"). The "fatherless" (Hebrew: *yatom*) represented one of the most vulnerable demographics in ancient society, lacking the crucial patriarchal protection and legal advocacy necessary to safeguard their rights and property. Exploiting them was considered an especially heinous act, demonstrating a profound disregard for justice and compassion, and was repeatedly denounced throughout the Old Testament.

* **Key Themes:** Proverbs 23:10 significantly contributes to several overarching themes pervasive throughout the book of Proverbs and the wider biblical narrative. Firstly, it powerfully underscores the theme of **justice and righteousness**, asserting that fair dealings and an unwavering respect for established rights are indispensable foundations for a stable and flourishing society. Secondly, it highlights the **protection of the vulnerable**, a recurring motif woven throughout Scripture, where God is consistently portrayed as the tireless defender of the weak, the widow, the sojourner, and the orphan (e.g., [Psalm 68:5](/psalm/68-5 "Psalm 68:5 - God as Father to the Fatherless")). Thirdly, the proverb speaks profoundly to the **sanctity of inheritance and property rights**, viewing them not merely as human legal constructs but as divinely ordained provisions essential for familial well-being and generational continuity. Finally, it implicitly warns against the dire **consequences of exploitation and greed**, aligning with Proverbs' consistent teaching that wickedness ultimately leads to ruin, while righteousness invariably brings blessing and flourishing.

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
#### Key Word Analysis
* **Remove (Hebrew, _nâçag'_):** From a primitive root meaning "to retreat," this verb in Proverbs 23:10 carries the strong sense of "to take away," "to dislodge," or "to turn away." In the context of a landmark, it implies an act of illicit displacement or shifting, representing an active and deliberate violation of an established boundary. The prohibitive command "remove not" underscores the severe condemnation of such a deceptive and unjust action.
* **Landmark (Hebrew, _gᵉbûwl'_):** This term refers to a physical boundary marker, typically a stone or pillar, used to delineate property lines. More broadly, it signifies a "limit," "border," or "territory enclosed." The addition of "old" (from H5769, _ʻôwlâm_, meaning "ancient time" or "of old") emphasizes the long-standing, established, and often generationally inherited nature of these boundaries, making their removal a profound violation of historical inheritance and communal order.
* **Fatherless (Hebrew, _yâthôwm'_):** Derived from an unused root meaning "to be lonely," this word denotes a "bereaved person," specifically an "orphan" or "fatherless child." In ancient patriarchal societies, the fatherless were inherently vulnerable, lacking the legal, economic, and social protection typically afforded by a male head of household. To "enter into their fields" (H7704, _sâdeh_, "field" or "ground") implies encroaching upon, seizing, or exploiting their property, an act of extreme injustice against those least able to defend themselves.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"Remove not the old landmark":** This initial clause issues a direct and emphatic prohibition against the alteration or displacement of established property boundaries. In ancient agrarian societies, these landmarks were absolutely crucial for defining land ownership, ensuring economic stability, and preserving family inheritances. To move them was a deceptive act of theft, allowing one to illicitly expand their own territory at the expense of a neighbor's rightful portion. The descriptor "old" highlights the traditional, long-standing, and therefore legitimate nature of these boundaries, implying that their removal constitutes an attack on established order and historical justice.
* **"and enter not into the fields of the fatherless":** This second clause extends the fundamental principle of justice to encompass society's most vulnerable members. The "fatherless" (orphans) were particularly susceptible to exploitation due to their inherent lack of a male protector, legal advocate, or strong family support. "Entering into their fields" signifies encroaching upon, seizing, or otherwise exploiting their land or resources. This act is specifically highlighted as egregious because it preys on those who are least able to defend themselves, demonstrating a profound lack of compassion, an abuse of power, and a direct affront to divine justice.

#### Literary Devices
Proverbs 23:10 skillfully employs several literary devices to convey its powerful and enduring message. The most prominent is **Parallelism**, specifically a form of synthetic or complementary parallelism, where the second line reinforces and expands upon the theme introduced in the first. Both clauses address the violation of established rights and the exploitation of others, progressing from a general principle of respecting boundaries to a specific, particularly egregious example involving the most vulnerable. The use of the **Imperative Mood** ("Remove not," "enter not") creates a direct, authoritative prohibition, emphasizing the non-negotiable nature of these commands. Furthermore, **Metonymy** and **Symbolism** are powerfully at play: "the old landmark" stands not merely for a physical stone but for the sanctity of inherited property, established order, and the broader concept of communal justice. Similarly, "the fatherless" serves as a potent symbol for all vulnerable and marginalized individuals within society, whose rights and well-being demand zealous protection. The proverb's concise, two-part structure enhances its memorability and impactful delivery, a hallmark of effective wisdom literature.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Proverbs 23:10 is deeply rooted in the expansive biblical theology of justice, righteousness, and the divine imperative to protect the vulnerable. It profoundly reflects God's own character as a God of perfect order, who meticulously establishes boundaries and steadfastly upholds justice, and as a compassionate Father who champions the cause of the oppressed. The stringent prohibition against moving landmarks underscores the divine establishment of property rights and the paramount importance of integrity in all human dealings, echoing the comprehensive legal framework found within the Mosaic Law. The special emphasis on the "fatherless" highlights God's particular and tender concern for those who lack human protection, aligning seamlessly with numerous scriptural injunctions to care for the widow, the orphan, and the sojourner, viewing their exploitation as a direct affront to God Himself. This proverb, therefore, transcends mere concerns about land or orphans; it is fundamentally about living in a manner that honors God's justice and compassion, recognizing that true wisdom necessitates ethical conduct towards all, especially the weakest and most defenseless members of society.

* [Deuteronomy 19:14](/deuteronomy/19-14 "Deuteronomy 19:14 - Do Not Move Your Neighbor's Landmark")
* [Exodus 22:22](/exodus/22-22 "Exodus 22:22 - Do Not Oppress the Widow or the Fatherless")
* [Zechariah 7:10](/zechariah/7-10 "Zechariah 7:10 - Do Not Oppress the Widow, the Fatherless, the Sojourner, or the Poor")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Proverbs 23:10 transcends its ancient agricultural context to offer profound and enduring ethical guidance for contemporary life. It challenges us to meticulously examine our own integrity in all our dealings, whether in professional endeavors, personal relationships, or broader community engagement. Are we ever tempted to gain an unfair advantage through deception, by subtly shifting the boundaries of truth, fairness, or established agreements? Do we consistently respect the established rights and legitimate inheritances of others, even when it might seem personally advantageous to disregard them? Furthermore, this proverb issues a compelling call to active compassion and unwavering advocacy for the vulnerable. In a world where the marginalized are frequently exploited—whether through unfair labor practices, predatory lending, housing discrimination, or the neglect of essential social safety nets—the command to "enter not into the fields of the fatherless" compels us to actively identify and diligently protect those who lack a voice, adequate defense, or sufficient resources. Our contemporary application of this verse extends to upholding rigorous ethical standards, tirelessly fighting for social justice, and personally ensuring that our actions do not contribute to the oppression of the weak, but rather champion their cause, thereby reflecting God's own heart for justice and mercy.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **In what specific areas of my life might I be tempted to "remove the old landmark," subtly or overtly violating established boundaries, ethical standards, or agreements for personal gain?**
* **How can I actively identify and effectively advocate for the "fatherless" or other vulnerable individuals and groups within my community or sphere of influence today?**
* **What practical steps can I implement to ensure that my business dealings, financial practices, and personal interactions are consistently marked by integrity, transparency, and deep respect for others' rights?**
* **How does my commitment to seeking justice for the oppressed and vulnerable concretely reflect my understanding of God's character and His divine commands?**

### FAQ
**What does "remove not the old landmark" mean in a modern context?**

Answer: In a modern context, "removing the old landmark" extends far beyond literal property lines to encompass any act that unjustly alters established boundaries, rules, or agreements for personal gain. This can manifest as unethical business practices, such as intellectual property theft, dishonest contracts, or unfair competition; undermining legal or ethical standards in any domain; or even violating personal trust and relational boundaries. It profoundly speaks to the importance of integrity, honesty, and a fundamental respect for the rights and established order that are essential for a just and stable society.

**Why is there a specific mention of "the fatherless" in this proverb?**

Answer: The specific mention of "the fatherless" (orphans) highlights their extreme vulnerability in ancient patriarchal society. Lacking a male head of household, they were often without legal protection, economic support, or social standing, making them easy targets for exploitation by unscrupulous individuals. The Bible consistently emphasizes God's special and tender concern for all marginalized groups—including widows, sojourners, and the poor—and repeatedly commands His people to protect them. Therefore, "entering into the fields of the fatherless" represents the most egregious form of injustice, preying on those least able to defend themselves, and serves as a powerful, illustrative example of the kind of exploitation God unequivocally condemns. It underscores the divine imperative to care for the weakest and most defenseless members of society.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Proverbs 23:10 finds its ultimate and profound fulfillment in the person and redemptive work of Jesus Christ, who perfectly embodies the justice, integrity, and compassion so earnestly advocated by the proverb. While the proverb warns against violating earthly boundaries and exploiting the vulnerable, Jesus came not to "remove the old landmark" of God's righteous law but to perfectly fulfill it, demonstrating its true spiritual intent through His life of absolute obedience and sacrificial love (e.g., [Matthew 5:17](/matthew/5-17 "Matthew 5:17 - Jesus Fulfills the Law")). He consistently championed the cause of the poor, the sick, the outcast, and the spiritually "fatherless," inviting them into His eternal kingdom and offering them an incorruptible inheritance (e.g., [Matthew 11:28-30](/matthew/11-28-30 "Matthew 11:28-30 - Come to Me, All Who Are Weary")). Through His atoning work on the cross, Christ secured for all believers an inheritance that is imperishable, undefiled, and unfading, one that can never be violated or taken away by any earthly or spiritual foe (e.g., [1 Peter 1:3-5](/1_peter/1-3-5 "1 Peter 1:3-5 - A Living Hope and Incorruptible Inheritance")). Furthermore, as the Good Shepherd, Christ stands as the divine protector and advocate for His flock, safeguarding them from all who would exploit, harm, or lead them astray, thereby embodying the ultimate defense for the truly vulnerable (e.g., [John 10:11-15](/john/10-11-15 "John 10:11-15 - The Good Shepherd")). Thus, in Christ, the principles of divine justice, the unwavering protection of the vulnerable, and a secure, eternal inheritance are perfectly realized and eternally guaranteed for all who believe.

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Proverbs 22:28

¶ Remove not the ancient landmark, which thy fathers have set.

Zechariah 7:10

And oppress not the widow, nor the fatherless, the stranger, nor the poor; and let none of you imagine evil against his brother in your heart.

Deuteronomy 27:17

Cursed [be] he that removeth his neighbour's landmark. And all the people shall say, Amen.

Deuteronomy 19:14

¶ Thou shalt not remove thy neighbour's landmark, which they of old time have set in thine inheritance, which thou shalt inherit in the land that the LORD thy God giveth thee to possess it.

Jeremiah 22:3

Thus saith the LORD; Execute ye judgment and righteousness, and deliver the spoiled out of the hand of the oppressor: and do no wrong, do no violence to the stranger, the fatherless, nor the widow, neither shed innocent blood in this place.

James 1:27

Pure religion and undefiled before God and the Father is this, To visit the fatherless and widows in their affliction, [and] to keep himself unspotted from the world.

Job 6:27

Yea, ye overwhelm the fatherless, and ye dig [a pit] for your friend.