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Study this verse
Public-domain commentary
Matthew Henry
From his Commentary on the Whole Bible. Henry comments on passages, not single verses — this entry covers Isaiah 49:13–17. His four-level outline is real structure in the source text, so it is rendered as structure.
The scope of these verses is to show that the return of the people of God out of their captivity, and the eternal redemption to be wrought out by Christ (of which that was a type), would be great occasions of joy to the church and great proofs of the tender care God has of the church.
I.Nothing can furnish us with better matter for songs of praise and thanksgiving, Isa 49:13.
Let the whole creation join with us in songs of joy, for it shares with us in the benefits of the redemption, and all they can contribute to this sacred melody is little enough in return for such inestimable favours, Psa 96:11. Let there be joy in heaven, and let the angels of God celebrate the praises of the great Redeemer; let the earth and the mountains, particularly the great ones of the earth, be joyful, and break forth into singing, for the earnest expectation of the creature that waits for the glorious liberty of the children of God (Rom 8:19, Rom 8:21) shall now be abundantly answered. God's people are the blessings and ornaments of the world, and therefore let there be universal joy, for God has comforted his people that were in sorrow and he will have mercy upon the afflicted because of his compassion, upon his afflicted because of his covenant.
II.Nothing can furnish us with more convincing arguments to prove the most tender and affectionate concern God has for his church, and her interests and comforts.
1.The troubles of the church have given some occasion to question God's care and concern for it, Isa 49:14. Zion, in distress, said, The Lord has forsaken me, and looks after me no more; my Lord has forgotten me, and will look after me no more. See how deplorable the case of God's people may be sometimes, such that they may seem to be forsaken and forgotten of their God; and at such a time their temptations may be alarmingly violent. Infidels, in their presumption, say God has forsaken the earth (Eze 8:12), and has forgotten their sins, Psa 10:11. Weak believers, in their despondency, are ready to say, "God has forsaken his church and forgotten the sorrows of his people." But we have no more reason to question his promise and grace than we have to question his providence and justice. He is as sure a rewarder as he is a revenger. Away therefore with these distrusts and jealousies, which are the bane of friendship.
2.The triumphs of the church, after her troubles, will in due time put the matter out of question.
(1.)What God will do for Zion we are told, Isa 49:17.
[1.]Her friends, who had deserted her, shall be gathered to her, and shall contribute their utmost to her assistance and comfort: Thy children shall make haste. Converts to the faith of Christ are the children of the church; they shall join themselves to her with great readiness and cheerfulness, and flock into the communion of saints, as doves to their windows. "Thy builders shall make haste" (so some read it), "who shall build up thy houses, thy walls, especially thy temple; they shall do it with expedition." Church work is usually slow work; but, when God's time shall come, it shall be done suddenly.
[2.]Her enemies, who had threatened and assaulted her, shall be forced to withdraw from her: Thy destroyers, and those who made thee waste, who had made themselves masters of the country and ravaged it, shall go forth of thee. By Christ the prince of this world, the great destroyer, is cast out, is dispossessed, has his power broken and his attempts quite baffled.
(2.)Now by this it will appear that Zion's suggestions were altogether groundless, that God has not forsaken her, nor forgotten her, nor ever will. Be assured,
[1.]That God has a tender affection for his church and people, Isa 49:15. In answer to Zion's fears, God speaks as one concerned for his own glory (he takes himself to be reflected upon if Zion say, The Lord has forsaken me, and he will clear himself), as one concerned also for his people's comfort; he would not have them droop, and be discouraged, and give way to any uneasy thoughts. "You think that I have forgotten you. Can a woman forget her sucking child?" First, It is not likely that she should. A woman, whose honour it is to be of the tender sex as well as the fair one, cannot but have compassion for a child, which, being both harmless and helpless, is a proper object of compassion. A mother, especially, cannot but be concerned for her own child; for it is her own, a piece of herself, and very lately one with her. A nursing mother, most of all, cannot but be tender of her sucking child; her own breasts will soon put her in mind of it if she should forget it. But, Secondly, It is possible that she may forget. A woman may perhaps be so unhappy as not to be able to remember her sucking child (she may be sick, and dying, and going to the land of forgetfulness), or she may be so unnatural as not to have compassion on the son of her womb, as those who, to conceal their shame, are the death of their children as soon as they are their life, Lam 4:10; Deu 28:57. But, says God, I will not forget thee. Note, God's compassions to his people infinitely exceed those of the tenderest parents towards their children. What are the affections of nature to those of the God of nature!
[2.]That he has a constant care of his church and people (Isa 49:16): I have engraven thee upon the palms of my hands. This does not allude to the foolish art of palmistry, which imagines every man's fate to be engraved in the palms of his hands and to be legible in the lines there, but to the custom of those who tie a string upon their hands or fingers to put them in mind of things which they are afraid they shall forget, or to the wearing of signet or locket-rings in remembrance of some dear friend. His setting them thus as a seal upon his arm denotes his setting them as a seal upon his heart, and his being ever mindful of them and their interests, Sol 8:6. If we bind God's law as a sign upon our hand (Deu 6:8, Deu 6:11, Deu 6:18), he will engrave our interests as a sign on his hand, and will look upon that and remember the covenant. He adds, "Thy walls shall be continually before me; thy ruined walls, though no pleasing spectacle, shall be in my thoughts of compassion." Do Zions' friends favour her dust? Psa 102:14. So does her God. Or, "The plan and model of thy walls, that are to be rebuilt, is before me, and they shall certainly be built according to it." Or, "Thy walls (that is, thy safety) are my continual care; so are the watchmen on thy walls." Some apply his engraving his church on the palms of his hands to the wounds in Christ's hands when he was crucified; he will look on the marks of them, and remember those for whom he suffered and died.
Historical interpretation
Historical Reception
3 surviving comments on this verse. Each one is dated, so this reads as a timeline rather than a list.
Select a marker to jump to its quote. Markers stagger vertically where authors wrote within a few decades of each other.
Let us flee these evils and elevate our soul to the image and likeness of God. The flight from evils is the likeness of God, and the image of God is gained through the virtues. And so, like a painter, he has painted us with the colors of the virtues. “See, I have painted your walls, Jerusalem.” Let us not wipe away with the brush of neglect the props of the painted walls of our soul.
(Verse 14 and following) And Zion said: The Lord has abandoned me, and the Lord has forgotten me. Can a woman forget her nursing child, so as not to have compassion on the son of her womb? Even if she forgets, I will not forget you. Behold, I have inscribed you on the palms of my hands; your walls are always before my eyes. Your builders have come, and those who destroyed and devastated you will depart from you. Lift up your eyes all around and see; all these have gathered together, they have come to you. I live, says the Lord: that you may be adorned with all these, and that you may surround yourself with them as a bride, for your desolate and deserted places, and the land of your ruins, will now be too narrow for your inhabitants, and those who devoured you will be far away. They will still say in your ears, the sons of your barrenness: It is too small for me, make room for me to live. And you will say in your heart: Who has borne these for me? I am barren and not bearing children, a wanderer and captive: and who raised them? I am abandoned and alone: and where were they? LXX: But Zion said: The Lord has forsaken me, and God has forgotten me. Will a woman forget her infant, that she would not have compassion on the child of her womb? But even if a woman were to forget these, I will not forget you, says the Lord. Behold, I have engraved your walls on my hands: and you are always before me. You will be rebuilt quickly by those from whom you were destroyed; and those who scattered you will come out from you. Lift up your eyes all around and see: all these have gathered together, they have come to you. As I live, says the Lord, you shall put them all on like an ornament, and wrap them around you like a bride's necklace: for your desolate and ruined places and your destroyed land will now be too small for your inhabitants, and those who humbled you will be far away from you. For they will say in your ears, your sons whom you have lost: There is narrow space for me: make room for me to live. And you will say in your heart: Who has borne these for me? And I, without children and a widow, who has brought up these for me? I have been forsaken alone, and where were they? Jerusalem and Zion are understood in four ways in the holy Scriptures, as we have often mentioned. One, according to the Jews, which the Lord laments in the Gospel, Jerusalem, Jerusalem, who kills the Prophets, and stones those who are sent to you (Matthew 23:37). And in another place: When you see Jerusalem surrounded by an army, then know that its desolation is near (Luke, XXI, 20). Secondly, the congregation of the Saints, who are established in the peace of the Lord and in the towers of virtues, are rightly called Zion, of whom it is said: Its foundations are on the holy mountains: the Lord loves the gates of Zion more than all the dwellings of Jacob (Psalm LXXXVI, 1). For the foundations of the Jewish Zion, which we see to be destroyed, were not loved by the Lord, nor could that which was loved by the Lord be destroyed. Thirdly, Jerusalem is called the multitude of Angels, Dominions, and Powers, and everything that is established in the ministry of God. Concerning this Jerusalem, the Apostle speaks: But Jerusalem which is above is free, which is the mother of us all (Galatians 4:26). And in another place: But you have come to Mount Zion and to the city of the living God, the heavenly Jerusalem (Hebrews 12:22). Fourthly, Jerusalem is called the one which the Jews and our Judaizers, according to the Apocalypse of John, think should be placed in the celestial realm as a golden and bejeweled one, which they do not understand (Apocalypse 21), whose boundaries and infinite breadth are also described in the final part of Ezekiel. Therefore, since these things are so, let us now examine more closely what Zion has said: The Lord has forsaken me, and the Lord has forgotten me. There is no doubt that the congregation of the saints, which was once among the Jews and was abandoned by the Lord, laments this and bitterly mourns that it has been deserted and deprived of the Lord's help. To this, God responded, using a natural analogy: Can a mother forget her infant, be without mercy towards the child of her womb? Even if she could forget, I will not forget you. I will say something more: even if she has forgotten, overcome by the hardness of her mind, the laws of nature; I, however, will not forget my creature, and I will always keep the souls of the saints in my heart. For you should know that what you think is completely abandoned, is written and depicted in my hands; and your walls always remain before my eyes. From this we learn that Jerusalem is not to be sought in the region of Palestine, which is the worst of the whole province, and is rough with rocky mountains, and suffers from scarcity of water, so much so that it needs heavenly rains and makes up for the scarcity of springs with the construction of cisterns; but it is in the hands of God, to which it is said: Your builders have hastened. Or according to the Septuagint: 'You will quickly be rebuilt by those by whom you were destroyed. For it was destroyed by the Jews, it was built by the Jews. It was deserted because of the fault of the Scribes and Pharisees, but it was gathered together for the preaching of the Apostles of Christ, both from the Jews and from the nations. It follows: And those who destroyed and scattered you will come out of you: the worst teachers; so that you do not follow at all the commandments and traditions of men (Matt. XV), but the law of God.' And it is said to her, to raise her eyes around, and to see the children who had gathered to her. Of whom also the Lord spoke: Lift up your eyes, and see that the harvest is already white for reaping (John 4:35). And to make us secure: As I live, says the Lord (which is said according to the custom of swearing in the Old Testament), you will be clothed with all these as with ornaments, and you will surround yourself with them, as a bride adorns herself with a necklace. Blessed is he who has such great merit and virtue that he is called an adornment of the Church. I think, however, that these various spiritual graces are signified, by which the bride is adorned. And this is sung about in the forty-fourth psalm: The queen stood at your right hand, in a garment adorned with gold, surrounded by variety (Ps. 44:10). For those places which were previously deserted and fallen into ruins, with the coming of Christ's Gospel, will be restored and will have such a multitude of inhabitants that they cannot be contained. So, while the persecutors are kept far away, or those about whom we have spoken above: Those who destroyed you and scattered you, will go out from you. And the sons of your barrenness, whom you thought you had completely lost, and that you were widowed by them, will say in your ears: 'The place is too narrow for me in the synagogues, make room for me in the Churches, so that I may dwell more expansively, so that I may not be constrained by the blasphemies of the Jews, so that the whole world may contain your wideness with you.' But unable to express the magnitude of my joy with my mouth, you will think silently in your heart, and say: Who has given birth to these for me? I was barren and a widow, forsaken and captive among the people of Judah, I had ceased to have children, for a long time I had not given birth. After Haggai and Zechariah and Malachi, I had seen no other prophets until John the Baptist; and how is it that being alone and deprived of the help of a husband, I have now begun to have so many children? But so that we may know that Christ is built upon a rock and foundation from both peoples, Paul speaks to the believers: Built upon the foundation of the Apostles and Prophets, with Jesus Christ himself as the chief cornerstone. (Ephesians 2:20.) From this it is clear that the foundation of the Apostles and Prophets is one, our Lord Jesus Christ.
He bore our sins in his body on the cross, and as he lay there, we were saved, and his sufferings became for us like a safe place and a protecting wall. He suffered outside the city so that he could sanctify the people with his own blood. Therefore … the suffering of Christ and his precious cross and the nailing of his hands became safety and an impregnable wall without any breach for those who believe in him. Thus he says, “I have painted your walls on my hands.” … And if one wants to understand this in another way, I think it makes sense to understand it that all who believe in Christ are in the hands of the Father.… The walls of the spiritual Zion are the holy prophets and apostles as ones written on his hands, set there by God and having the knowledge of him that does not fade. For their names were written in the heavens and included in the book of life.
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Summary
Isaiah 49:16 stands as a profound divine declaration of God's unwavering commitment, intimate remembrance, and protective care for His people, particularly Zion, representing Israel. This verse serves as God's tender yet powerful rebuttal to Israel's feelings of abandonment during their Babylonian exile, emphasizing that they are not merely remembered, but indelibly inscribed upon God's very being. Their security and future restoration are assured under His constant, watchful eye, underscoring His unfailing love and covenant faithfulness.
Context
Literary Context
Isaiah 49:16 is situated within the "Book of Comfort" (Isaiah 40-55), a pivotal section of Isaiah's prophecy primarily addressed to Israel during and after the Babylonian exile. This segment marks a significant shift from earlier prophecies of judgment to messages of hope, restoration, and the future glory of Zion. Specifically, chapter 49 contains the second "Servant Song" (though the Servant is not explicitly mentioned in this verse, the themes of God's faithfulness to His covenant people are central to the chapter's broader message). This verse directly follows Zion's lament in Isaiah 49:14, where she cries, "The LORD hath forsaken me, and my Lord hath forgotten me." Verse 16, along with the preceding Isaiah 49:15, forms God's powerful and tender response, using the most intimate human analogy—a mother's love for her nursing child—to underscore the impossibility of Him forgetting His people.
Historical & Cultural Context
The historical backdrop for Isaiah 49 is the Babylonian exile, a period of immense national trauma and despair for the Israelites. Jerusalem, their beloved capital, had been destroyed, its temple razed, and its defensive walls broken down. The people were displaced, feeling cut off from their land, their God, and their identity. In the ancient Near East, city walls were not merely defensive structures but profound symbols of a city's strength, identity, and security; their destruction signified utter defeat and vulnerability. Engraving was a common practice for creating permanent records, laws, or declarations, often on stone or metal tablets, signifying an unchangeable decree. The imagery of engraving on the "palms of hands" would have conveyed a deep sense of personal, constant, and active remembrance, as one's hands are always visible and involved in daily life, making the inscribed item perpetually present to the mind and actions.
Key Themes
This verse powerfully contributes to several overarching themes in Isaiah. It underscores Divine Remembrance and Indelible Mark, directly refuting the idea that God has forgotten His people by portraying an incredibly personal and permanent inscription. This imagery assures His unfailing remembrance and commitment. The verse also highlights Unwavering Love and Commitment, demonstrating God's deep, personal affection for His covenant people, echoing sentiments of God's everlasting love seen in passages like Jeremiah 31:3. Furthermore, "thy walls are continually before me" speaks to Divine Protection and Oversight, symbolizing God's constant watchfulness over the security and well-being of His people, even when their physical defenses are broken. This signifies His active plan for their restoration and His unceasing watch over Israel, as seen in Psalm 121:4. Ultimately, the verse offers profound Comfort in Despair, serving as a powerful antidote to feelings of abandonment and assuring His people that they are always in His sight and on His mind.
Exposition and Analysis
Key Word Analysis
This primitive root (H2710) means to hack, engrave, or inscribe. It implies a deliberate, permanent action, often associated with cutting laws into stone or metal tablets in primitive times. In the context of Isaiah 49:16, it signifies that God's remembrance of His people is not a fleeting thought but an indelible, unchangeable mark, deeply etched into His very being. This is a covenantal declaration of permanence and commitment, akin to an unalterable decree.
Derived from a root meaning "to bend," this word (H3709) refers to the hollow hand or palm, including the paw of an animal or the sole of a foot. As the most visible and active part of the hand, the "palms" symbolize a place where something is constantly seen, felt, and involved in action. For God to engrave His people upon His palms means they are perpetually before His eyes, guiding His actions, and central to His every thought and deed, figuratively representing His power and active engagement.
This feminine noun (H2346) refers to a wall of protection, typically the defensive structures of a city. While Jerusalem's physical walls lay in ruins during the exile, God's declaration that "thy walls are continually before me" signifies that His protective oversight and plans for their rebuilding and security remain unbroken and ever-present in His divine mind. It speaks to His enduring commitment to the restoration and safety of His people, regardless of their current desolate state, assuring their continuance and perpetual care.
Verse Breakdown
"Behold, I have graven thee upon the palms of my hands;"
This clause begins with an emphatic "Behold," drawing immediate attention to a profound divine declaration. The imagery of God "graving" or inscribing His people (represented by "thee," referring to Zion/Israel) upon the "palms of His hands" conveys an unparalleled intimacy, permanence, and constant remembrance. It suggests that His people are not just an item on a mental checklist but are literally etched into the most active and visible part of His being, making them a perpetual focus of His attention and care. This act is deliberate, irreversible, and deeply personal, countering any notion of divine forgetfulness and emphasizing His active, ongoing commitment.
"thy walls are continually before me."
This second clause extends the assurance of divine remembrance to include God's protective oversight and concern for the security and restoration of His people. The "walls" symbolize the defensive structures of a city, representing the safety, identity, and well-being of Zion. Even though Jerusalem's physical walls were destroyed during the exile, God declares that they are "continually before me," signifying that He has not forgotten their brokenness nor His promise to rebuild and secure them. This phrase reassures His people that their future, their protection, and their restoration are constantly on His mind and part of His divine plan, regardless of their present circumstances, affirming His perpetual and unwavering watchfulness.
Literary Devices
Isaiah 49:16 is rich with powerful Imagery that evokes a deep sense of divine intimacy and commitment. The visual of God engraving His people onto the palms of His hands is a striking picture of permanent remembrance and personal connection, far exceeding mere memory. This also functions as a profound Anthropomorphism, attributing human characteristics (hands, the act of engraving, seeing) to God to make His divine attributes comprehensible to human understanding. The "walls" serve as a potent Metaphor for the security, identity, and well-being of God's people, and by extension, the city of Jerusalem or Zion. Even in their broken state, their continuous presence before God's eyes signifies His unwavering protective oversight and His ultimate intention for their restoration. The entire verse, in response to Zion's cry of abandonment, employs Hyperbole in its assertion of God's remembrance, emphasizing the absolute impossibility of Him forgetting His people, even more so than a mother forgetting her nursing child (as stated in the preceding verse, Isaiah 49:15).
Theological and Thematic Connections
Isaiah 49:16 stands as a powerful testament to God's immutable character, particularly His faithfulness and unwavering love for His covenant people. It underscores the theological truth that God's remembrance is not a passive mental recall but an active, perpetual engagement with His creation, especially those with whom He has entered into a covenant relationship. This verse speaks to the profound security found in being known by God, emphasizing that His knowledge of us is not merely intellectual but deeply personal and etched into His very being, guiding His actions and providential care. It refutes the human tendency to project our own forgetfulness or fickleness onto the divine, asserting God's absolute constancy and commitment to His promises, even when circumstances suggest otherwise. This divine remembrance is the bedrock of hope, assuring His people that their future, their restoration, and their ultimate well-being are perpetually before His eyes.
Reflection and Application
For believers today, Isaiah 49:16 offers an anchor of profound comfort and an unshakable foundation for faith, particularly in moments of doubt, despair, or feeling overlooked. It transcends the historical context of Israel's exile to speak directly to the human condition of vulnerability and the fear of abandonment. This verse assures us that our identity, our struggles, and our very existence are not just known by God, but are perpetually etched into His divine consciousness and active concern. In a world that often leaves us feeling insignificant or forgotten, this truth reminds us of our immense worth in God's eyes, empowering us to face challenges with confidence, knowing that His love is personal, permanent, and actively watching over every aspect of our lives. We can rest in the knowledge that our "walls," whether they represent our personal well-being, our relationships, our ministries, or our future, are continually before Him, subject to His protective oversight and His perfect plan for restoration and flourishing.
Questions for Reflection
FAQ
Who is "thee" in this verse, and why is it significant?
In its immediate context, "thee" refers to Zion, representing the nation of Israel, particularly during their period of exile and despair. This is significant because it directly addresses Israel's lament of feeling forgotten by God, as expressed in Isaiah 49:14. The divine response is a powerful reassurance of God's unwavering covenant faithfulness to His chosen people. Theologically, for believers today, this promise extends to all who are in Christ, as the Church is the spiritual Israel, making the verse a profound declaration of God's intimate and permanent commitment to His redeemed people.
What is the significance of "palms of my hands" versus other body parts?
The "palms of my hands" (Hebrew: kaph) are significant because they are the most visible and active part of the human body. Unlike a mark on the back or a hidden place, something engraved on the palm is constantly before one's eyes and involved in every action. This imagery conveys that God's people are not merely remembered in His mind, but are perpetually present before His gaze, influencing His every thought and deed. It symbolizes an active, intimate, and constant remembrance, demonstrating that His people are central to His divine operations and concerns, much like a craftsman constantly sees and uses the tools in his hands.
How does this verse relate to feelings of abandonment or despair?
This verse serves as a direct and powerful divine antidote to feelings of abandonment, forgetfulness, or despair. It is God's emphatic rebuttal to Zion's cry, "The LORD hath forsaken me, and my Lord hath forgotten me" (Isaiah 49:14). By declaring that His people are "graven upon the palms of my hands" and their "walls are continually before me," God assures them (and us) that such feelings are unfounded in His reality. He cannot forget; He is actively watching, remembering, and working for their good and restoration. It offers profound comfort, reminding us that even in our deepest valleys, God's gaze is fixed upon us, and His commitment is unwavering.
Christ-Centered Fulfillment
Isaiah 49:16 finds its ultimate and most profound fulfillment in Jesus Christ, who is the perfect embodiment of God's unwavering commitment and protective care for His people. The imagery of being "graven upon the palms of my hands" takes on a powerful new dimension when viewed through the lens of the crucifixion. The very hands of God, through His Son, bore the indelible marks of the nails, a perpetual reminder of His covenant love and the cost of our redemption. These scars are the ultimate "engraving," demonstrating that humanity, specifically His redeemed people, are eternally etched into the very being of God through Christ's sacrifice. Just as God promised to keep Israel's "walls continually before me," Christ, as the Chief Cornerstone (Ephesians 2:20), is continually building His Church, the spiritual temple, ensuring its security and ultimate triumph. He is our High Priest, perpetually interceding for us before the Father, ensuring that we are always "before Him" (Hebrews 7:25). In Christ, God's promise of never forgetting or forsaking His people is irrevocably sealed, guaranteeing that no one can snatch us out of His hand (John 10:28-29), for we are eternally graven upon the very palms of the Lamb of God.