Philippians 2:3

KJV

[Let] nothing [be done] through strife or vainglory; but in lowliness of mind let each esteem other better than themselves.

KJV (with Strong's)

Let nothing {G3367} be done through {G2596} strife {G2052} or {G2228} vainglory {G2754}; but {G235} in lowliness of mind {G5012} let {G2233} each {G240} esteem {G2233} other {G240} better than {G5242} themselves {G1438}.

Complete Jewish Bible

Do nothing out of rivalry or vanity; but, in humility, regard each other as better than yourselves —

Berean Standard Bible

Do nothing out of selfish ambition or empty pride, but in humility consider others more important than yourselves.

American Standard Version

doing nothing through faction or through vainglory, but in lowliness of mind each counting other better than himself;

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Philippians 2:3 serves as a foundational exhortation for Christian community, urging believers to abandon self-serving ambition and empty pride in favor of genuine humility. Paul calls the Philippian church, and by extension all believers, to adopt a mindset that esteems and prioritizes the needs and interests of others above one's own, fostering unity and reflecting the selfless character of Christ. This verse is a powerful antidote to division and a call to radical, Christ-like self-sacrifice in relationships.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** Philippians 2:3 is situated within Paul's fervent appeal for unity and humility in the church at Philippi. The preceding verses (Philippians 2:1-2) lay the groundwork by urging believers to be "of the same mind, having the same love, being in full accord and of one mind," emphasizing the internal disposition necessary for true Christian fellowship. This verse then provides the practical outworking of that unity, directly addressing attitudes that undermine it. The subsequent verses (Philippians 2:4-8) immediately present the ultimate example of this selfless humility in the person of Jesus Christ, whose incarnation, suffering, and death epitomize the very mindset Paul commands. Thus, Philippians 2:3 acts as a bridge, connecting the call for unity with the supreme Christological example that follows.
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** Paul wrote this letter from prison, likely in Rome, to a church he deeply loved and that had faithfully supported him. While generally a strong church, there may have been underlying tensions or rivalries among some members, perhaps stemming from personal ambition or differing opinions, which threatened their unity. In the Greco-Roman world, humility (Greek: *tapeinotes*) was generally viewed as a vice, associated with servility, weakness, and low social status. Self-assertion, honor, and the pursuit of glory were highly valued. Paul's command for "lowliness of mind" (Greek: *tapeinophrosýnē*) was revolutionary and counter-cultural, transforming a perceived weakness into a supreme Christian virtue, directly challenging the prevailing societal norms and the natural human inclination towards self-exaltation.
* **Key Themes:** This verse is central to several key themes in Philippians and Pauline theology. It directly addresses the theme of **unity** within the body of Christ, presenting humility as the essential ingredient for overcoming internal divisions caused by selfish ambition. It introduces and defines the theme of **Christian humility**, distinguishing it sharply from worldly pride and establishing it as a hallmark of genuine faith. Furthermore, it foreshadows the profound theme of **Christ's example** of self-emptying (kenosis), which is fully articulated in [Philippians 2:5-8](/philippians/2-5-8 "Christ's Humility and Exaltation"). The call to "esteem other better than themselves" also highlights the theme of **selfless love and service**, echoing Jesus' own teachings on servant leadership found, for example, in [Matthew 20:26-28](/matthew/20-26-28 "Jesus Teaches Servant Leadership").

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
#### Key Word Analysis
* **Strife (Greek, _eritheía'_):** From the provided Strong's data, this term signifies "intrigue, i.e. (by implication) faction." It refers to selfish ambition, rivalry, or contention that arises from a desire for personal prominence or gain, often leading to division and disunity within a group. It is not merely disagreement but a self-serving competitiveness.
* **Vainglory (Greek, _kenodoxía'_):** This word is derived from *kenodoxos*, meaning "empty glorying, i.e. self-conceit." It literally translates to "empty glory" or "hollow reputation." It describes a superficial pride, an inflated sense of one's own importance, or a desire for recognition and praise that is ultimately hollow and without substance, focusing on outward appearance rather than inner character.
* **Lowliness of mind (Greek, _tapeinophrosýnē'_):** From the Strong's data, this is defined as "humiliation of mind, i.e. modesty." It is a compound word combining *tapeinos* (lowly, humble) and *phren* (mind, understanding). Unlike the negative connotation of *tapeinotes* in classical Greek, *tapeinophrosýnē* in Christian thought denotes a spiritual humility that involves a realistic and sober estimation of oneself, recognizing one's dependence on God and acknowledging the inherent worth and dignity of others. It is a humble disposition that contrasts sharply with pride and self-exaltation.
* **Esteem (Greek, _hēgéomai'_):** This term, in its middle voice, means "to lead, i.e. command (with official authority); figuratively, to deem, i.e. consider." Here, it carries the figurative sense of considering, accounting, or regarding others. It implies a deliberate act of valuing and prioritizing.
* **Better than (Greek, _hyperéchō'_):** From Strong's, this means "to hold oneself above, i.e. (figuratively) to excel; participle (as adjective, or neuter as noun) superior, superiority." In this context, it means to regard others as superior or more important, not necessarily in inherent ability or status, but in terms of prioritizing their needs and interests.
* **Themselves (Greek, _heautoû'_):** This is a reflexive pronoun, referring back to the subject. It emphasizes the contrast between focusing on one's own interests and prioritizing others.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"Let nothing be done through strife or vainglory":** This opening clause is a strong negative command, prohibiting any action or endeavor that is motivated by selfish ambition (*eritheía*) or empty pride (*kenodoxía*). Paul is not merely condemning specific actions but the underlying, self-centered motives that drive them, which inevitably lead to discord and disunity within the community.
* **"but in lowliness of mind":** This introduces the positive counter-command, presenting the essential virtue that should govern all actions. "Lowliness of mind" (*tapeinophrosýnē*) is the antidote to strife and vainglory, representing a humble and modest disposition that accurately assesses oneself and values others. It is a fundamental internal attitude that shapes external behavior.
* **"let each esteem other better than themselves":** This is the practical outworking of "lowliness of mind." It is a radical call to selflessness, urging believers to actively consider and prioritize the needs, interests, and well-being of others above their own. This does not imply a false sense of inferiority but rather a humble willingness to serve and uplift others, fostering a spirit of mutual respect and cooperation rather than competition.

#### Literary Devices
The verse employs several significant literary devices. **Antithesis** is prominent, setting up a stark contrast between two opposing sets of motivations and behaviors: "strife or vainglory" (negative, self-centered) versus "lowliness of mind" and "esteeming others better than themselves" (positive, other-centered). This juxtaposition highlights the destructive nature of pride and ambition and the constructive power of humility. The use of the **imperative mood** ("Let nothing be done," "let each esteem") underscores the commanding nature of Paul's exhortation, indicating that these are not suggestions but essential principles for Christian living. Furthermore, the verse functions as a **chiasm** (ABBA structure) in its underlying thought: A (negative command against self-centeredness) B (positive command for other-centeredness) B' (positive command for other-centeredness) A' (implicit rejection of self-centeredness). This structure reinforces the central message by framing the negative motivations with the positive, desired behaviors.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Philippians 2:3 is a theological cornerstone for understanding Christian ethics and the nature of the church as the body of Christ. It posits that genuine unity and spiritual flourishing are not achieved through worldly power dynamics or self-promotion, but through a radical embrace of humility that mirrors the very character of God revealed in Christ. This verse challenges the innate human tendency towards self-preservation and self-exaltation, asserting that true strength and influence in God's kingdom come through self-emptying service. It underscores the profound truth that Christian community thrives when individuals are more concerned with the welfare and honor of others than with their own, fostering an environment of mutual love, respect, and cooperation that stands in stark contrast to the competitive spirit of the world.

* [Romans 12:10](/romans/12-10 "Romans 12:10 - Love and Honor One Another")
* [1 Peter 5:5](/1_peter/5-5 "1 Peter 5:5 - Humility Among Believers")
* [Galatians 5:26](/galatians/5-26 "Galatians 5:26 - Avoid Vainglory")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Philippians 2:3 offers a profound and challenging call to introspection and transformation for every believer. It compels us to honestly examine the motives behind our actions, words, and even our thoughts. Are we driven by a desire for personal recognition, control, or superiority, or by a genuine heart of service and humility? Living out this verse means actively resisting the cultural currents that promote self-assertion and competition, choosing instead to intentionally value and uplift those around us. In our families, workplaces, and especially our churches, this translates into listening more than speaking, serving more than demanding, and celebrating others' successes more than seeking our own. It requires a conscious effort to lay aside personal agendas and preferences for the greater good of the community, fostering an atmosphere where love, unity, and mutual respect can truly flourish, reflecting the very heart of Christ to a watching world.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **In what areas of my life (e.g., work, family, church) do I find myself most tempted by "strife" or "vainglory"?**
* **What specific steps can I take this week to "esteem others better than myself" in a tangible way?**
* **How might a consistent practice of "lowliness of mind" transform my relationships and contribute to the unity of my community?**

### FAQ
**Does "esteem other better than themselves" mean I should have low self-esteem or think poorly of myself?**

Answer: No, the command to "esteem other better than themselves" does not advocate for low self-esteem or self-deprecation. Rather, it calls for a humble and realistic self-assessment that recognizes one's own worth in Christ while simultaneously prioritizing the needs and interests of others. Christian humility is not about thinking less of yourself, but thinking of yourself less, and thinking more of others. It's about adopting a posture of valuing and serving others, recognizing their inherent dignity and worth as image-bearers of God. The example of Christ, who perfectly understood His own divine identity yet chose to humble Himself for the sake of others ([Philippians 2:5-8](/philippians/2-5-8 "Christ's Humility and Exaltation")), demonstrates that true humility is compatible with a healthy self-understanding. It's a call to selfless love, not self-annihilation.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Philippians 2:3 finds its ultimate and most profound fulfillment in the person and work of Jesus Christ. He is the supreme embodiment of "lowliness of mind" and the one who perfectly "esteemed others better than himself." While being God, equal with the Father, Christ did not cling to His divine prerogatives but "emptied himself, by taking the form of a servant" ([Philippians 2:7](/philippians/2-7 "Christ Empties Himself")). His entire earthly ministry was devoid of "strife or vainglory"; He consistently sought the glory of the Father and the welfare of humanity, not His own earthly recognition ([John 5:41](/john/5-41 "Jesus Does Not Seek His Own Glory")). From washing His disciples' feet as an act of humble service ([John 13:1-17](/john/13-1-17 "Jesus Washes the Disciples' Feet")) to enduring the cross for the salvation of the world ([Hebrews 12:2](/hebrews/12-2 "Jesus, the Author and Perfecter of Our Faith")), Jesus perfectly exemplified the self-sacrificial love and humility that Paul commands. Therefore, the call in Philippians 2:3 is not merely an ethical guideline but an invitation to participate in the very mindset of Christ, allowing His selfless spirit to transform our relationships and unify His body.

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Romans 12:10

[Be] kindly affectioned one to another with brotherly love; in honour preferring one another;

Galatians 5:26

Let us not be desirous of vain glory, provoking one another, envying one another.

Ephesians 5:21

¶ Submitting yourselves one to another in the fear of God.

Ephesians 4:2

¶ With all lowliness and meekness, with longsuffering, forbearing one another in love;

James 3:14

But if ye have bitter envying and strife in your hearts, glory not, and lie not against the truth.

James 3:16

For where envying and strife [is], there [is] confusion and every evil work.

1 Peter 5:5

¶ Likewise, ye younger, submit yourselves unto the elder. Yea, all [of you] be subject one to another, and be clothed with humility: for God resisteth the proud, and giveth grace to the humble.