### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word **tapeinophrosýnē**, represented by `{{G5012}}`, describes a **humiliation of mind, i.e. modesty**. It appears **7 times** across **7 unique verses** in the Bible. This term signifies an inner disposition of lowliness and a correct estimation of oneself, often translated as humility or humbleness of mind.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In its biblical usage, `{{G5012}}` is consistently presented as a vital Christian virtue. Believers are instructed to act with **lowliness of mind**, esteeming others as better than themselves [[Philippians 2:3]]. It is part of the spiritual character that God's elect are to "put on," listed alongside mercies, kindness, meekness, and longsuffering [[Colossians 3:12]]. This humility is foundational for relationships, enabling believers to forbear one another in love [[Ephesians 4:2]]. Paul cites it as a hallmark of his own ministry, stating he served the Lord "with all **humility of mind**" [[Acts 20:19]]. Scripture also warns against a counterfeit "voluntary **humility**" which has a mere "shew of wisdom" but is rooted in a fleshly mind ([[Colossians 2:18]], [[Colossians 2:23]]).
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words help clarify the meaning of **tapeinophrosýnē**:
* `{{G5011}}` **tapeinós** (depressed, i.e. (figuratively) humiliated (in circumstances or disposition):--base, cast down, humble, of low degree (estate), lowly): As the root adjective, this describes the state of being **humble**. It is used to identify those to whom God gives grace, in direct contrast to the proud [[1 Peter 5:5]].
* `{{G4236}}` **praiótēs** (from πρᾷος; gentleness, by implication, humility:--meekness): This term for **meekness** is frequently paired with humility and is a characteristic believers are to exhibit in their conduct and interactions ([[Ephesians 4:2]], [[Colossians 3:12]]).
* `{{G5244}}` **hyperḗphanos** (from ὑπέρ and φαίνω; appearing above others (conspicuous), i.e. (figuratively) haughty:--proud): This word is the direct antonym of humility. Scripture explicitly states that God resists the **proud** [[1 Peter 5:5]].
* `{{G3115}}` **makrothymía** (from the same as μακροθυμώς; longanimity, i.e. (objectively) forbearance or (subjectively) fortitude:--longsuffering, patience): Often appearing with humility, **longsuffering** is another key aspect of the character believers are called to develop ([[Colossians 3:12]], [[Ephesians 4:2]]).
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{G5012}}` is significant and practical for the believer.
* **A Required Christian Virtue:** Humility is commanded as a quality to be actively put on, like clothing [[Colossians 3:12]], and is essential for a life reflecting one's calling [[Ephesians 4:2]].
* **The Basis for Community:** True humility governs relationships within the church. It is expressed by esteeming others above oneself [[Philippians 2:3]] and through mutual submission [[1 Peter 5:5]].
* **The Opposite of Pride:** A central theological point is the stark contrast between humility and pride. God actively "resisteth the **proud**" (`{{G5244}}`) but "giveth grace to the **humble**" (`{{G5011}}`) [[1 Peter 5:5]].
* **Warning Against False Humility:** Scripture distinguishes between genuine humility and a "voluntary **humility**" that is a product of the "fleshly mind" [[Colossians 2:18]]. This shows that true humility is an internal disposition, not merely an external performance.
### Summary
In summary, `{{G5012}}` **tapeinophrosýnē** is far more than a simple suggestion of modesty. It is a foundational Christian virtue that defines a believer's mindset toward God and others. It is presented as the basis for interpersonal harmony, enabling selflessness [[Philippians 2:3]] and mutual submission [[1 Peter 5:5]]. As the direct opposite of the pride that God resists, humility is the necessary posture for receiving divine grace. The biblical warning against a counterfeit version underscores that true humility must be a genuine state of mind, not just a show of worship.
TRV