Genesis 35:11

KJV

And God said unto him, I [am] God Almighty: be fruitful and multiply; a nation and a company of nations shall be of thee, and kings shall come out of thy loins;

KJV (with Strong's)

And God {H430} said {H559} unto him, I am God {H410} Almighty {H7706}: be fruitful {H6509} and multiply {H7235}; a nation {H1471} and a company {H6951} of nations {H1471} shall be of thee, and kings {H4428} shall come {H3318} out of thy loins {H2504};

Complete Jewish Bible

God further said to him, "I am El Shaddai. Be fruitful and multiply. A nation, indeed a group of nations, will come from you; kings will be descended from you.

Berean Standard Bible

And God told him, “I am God Almighty. Be fruitful and multiply. A nation—even a company of nations—shall come from you, and kings shall descend from you.

American Standard Version

And God said unto him, I am God Almighty: be fruitful and multiply; a nation and a company of nations shall be of thee, and kings shall come out of thy loins;

Commentary

### SUMMARY
In Genesis 35:11, God appears to Jacob at Bethel, reaffirming and significantly expanding the covenant promises previously made to Abraham and Isaac. Identifying Himself as "God Almighty" (El Shaddai), the Lord commands Jacob to "be fruitful and multiply," promising that he will be the progenitor of "a nation and a company of nations" and that "kings shall come out of thy loins." This pivotal declaration solidifies the patriarchal line through which the nation of Israel and its future monarchy would emerge, ultimately culminating in the Messiah.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** Genesis 35:11 is situated within a crucial narrative arc detailing Jacob's return to the Promised Land and his spiritual purification. Following his dramatic reconciliation with Esau in [Genesis 33](/genesis/33 "Jacob's Reconciliation with Esau") and the troubling events at Shechem in [Genesis 34](/genesis/34 "The Rape of Dinah and the Vengeance of Simeon and Levi"), God commands Jacob to return to Bethel, the site of his initial encounter with the Lord and his vow in [Genesis 28:10-22](/genesis/28-10-22 "Jacob's Dream and Vow at Bethel"). Before this divine encounter, Jacob diligently purifies his household of foreign idols and earrings, burying them under the terebinth tree near Shechem. Upon their arrival at Bethel, God appears to Jacob, reiterating the covenant and, in [Genesis 35:10](/genesis/35-10 "God Renames Jacob Israel"), formally reconfirming his new name, Israel. Verse 11 then serves as the profound expansion of the covenant promises, solidifying Jacob's role as the direct recipient and conduit of God's redemptive plan for his descendants.

* **Historical & Cultural Context:** The patriarchal narratives, including this account of Jacob, are set against the backdrop of the ancient Near East, where promises of numerous offspring, land, and divine favor were paramount for establishing lineage and legacy. The concept of a "nation" (Hebrew: *goy*) was understood in terms of a distinct people group, often with a shared ancestry, territory, and identity. The promise of "kings" emerging from one's loins was a significant cultural marker of dynastic succession and political power, indicating a future of sovereignty and prominence. The divine self-revelation as *El Shaddai* (God Almighty) was particularly resonant in a nomadic, agrarian society, conveying God's all-sufficiency and power to provide, protect, and fulfill promises, especially those related to fertility and progeny, which were vital for survival and prosperity in that era.

* **Key Themes:** This verse powerfully contributes to several overarching themes in Genesis and the broader Pentateuch. It underscores the theme of **Covenant Continuity**, demonstrating God's unwavering faithfulness to the promises made to Abraham ([Genesis 12:1-3](/genesis/12-1-3 "The Call of Abram")) and Isaac, now explicitly passed to Jacob. The emphasis on "be fruitful and multiply" reinforces the **Divine Blessing of Procreation and Growth**, echoing the original creation mandate in [Genesis 1:28](/genesis/1-28 "The Creation Mandate") and Noahic covenant in [Genesis 9:1](/genesis/9-1 "God's Blessing to Noah and His Sons"). Furthermore, the promise of "a nation and a company of nations" and "kings" highlights the theme of **Israel's Formation and Destiny**, revealing God's specific plan for a chosen people and a royal lineage that would culminate in the Messiah. It also speaks to **God's Sovereignty and Omnipotence**, as *El Shaddai* is the one who can bring these seemingly impossible promises to fruition.

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
Genesis 35:11 is a profound declaration of divine promise and covenant continuity, delivered by God to Jacob at Bethel, marking a pivotal moment in the patriarchal narrative.

#### Key Word Analysis
* **God (Hebrew, _ʼêl'_):** This word (H410) is a shortened form of a root meaning "strength," signifying a mighty one or deity. Here, it refers to the supreme God, emphasizing His inherent power and might as the one making these promises. It is often used in combination, as in *El Shaddai*, to further describe God's attributes.
* **Almighty (Hebrew, _Shadday'_):** Derived from a root (H7706) suggesting "strength" or "power," this divine name emphasizes God's omnipotence and all-sufficiency. When God reveals Himself as *El Shaddai*, He is portraying Himself as the one who is more than enough, capable of overcoming all obstacles and fulfilling even the most extraordinary promises, particularly those related to fruitfulness and the establishment of a great nation from an aging patriarch.
* **Nation (Hebrew, _gôwy'_):** This term (H1471) refers to a foreign nation or Gentile, but in this context, it signifies a distinct people group. Here, it is used to denote the singular nation of Israel that would descend from Jacob, as well as the broader concept of "a company of nations," indicating the vastness and diversity of his future progeny.
* **Loins (Hebrew, _châlâts'_):** This word (H2504), used in the dual form, refers to the loins as the seat of vigor and procreative power. Its use here directly connects the promise of kingship to Jacob's physical descendants, emphasizing the literal, biological continuity of the royal line.
* **Come (Hebrew, _yâtsâʼ'_):** A primitive root (H3318) meaning "to go out" or "to bring forth." In this context, it signifies the emergence or descent of kings directly from Jacob's lineage, underscoring the certainty and directness of the prophetic fulfillment.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"And God said unto him, I [am] God Almighty:"** This opening clause establishes the divine speaker and His authoritative self-identification. God reveals Himself as *El Shaddai*, a name emphasizing His absolute power, sovereignty, and sufficiency to fulfill His promises, even in seemingly impossible circumstances. This revelation assures Jacob that the immense power of the Creator is behind the covenant promises being reiterated and expanded.
* **"be fruitful and multiply;"** This is a direct command and a foundational blessing, echoing the primal mandate given at creation to all humanity ([Genesis 1:28](/genesis/1-28 "The Creation Mandate for Humanity")) and repeated to Noah after the flood ([Genesis 9:1](/genesis/9-1 "God's Blessing to Noah")). For Jacob, it signifies not merely biological reproduction but the promise of numerous descendants who will form a distinct and populous people, essential for the unfolding of God's redemptive plan.
* **"a nation and a company of nations shall be of thee,"** This clause expands upon the promise of fruitfulness, specifying the nature and scope of Jacob's descendants. "A nation" refers to the singular nation of Israel, descended directly from Jacob's twelve sons. The phrase "a company of nations" (Hebrew: *qahal goyim*) is a crucial expansion, suggesting that Jacob's lineage would not only form one unified nation but would also encompass a broader scope, potentially referring to the various tribes of Israel, or even hinting at the spiritual descendants of Abraham through faith, or the impact of Israel on other nations. This promise reiterates and expands what was previously promised to Abraham ([Genesis 17:6](/genesis/17-6 "God's Promise to Abraham of Many Nations")).
* **"and kings shall come out of thy loins;"** This is a specific and highly significant monarchical and messianic promise. It directly foreshadows the establishment of a monarchy within Israel, beginning with Saul and notably continuing through the enduring line of David. More profoundly, it points to the ultimate King, the Messiah, who would descend from Jacob's lineage and reign eternally. This declaration underscores God's long-term plan for a chosen people and a royal lineage through whom His redemptive purposes would be accomplished, culminating in the universal reign of Christ.

#### Literary Devices
The passage employs several significant literary devices. **Repetition** is evident in the re-issuance of the "be fruitful and multiply" command, linking Jacob's destiny to the foundational blessings of creation and the Noahic covenant, thereby emphasizing its universal and enduring significance. The use of the divine name **El Shaddai** serves as a powerful form of **Divine Self-Revelation**, imbuing the promises with the weight of God's omnipotence and faithfulness. The phrase "a nation and a company of nations" utilizes **Merism**, where two contrasting or complementary terms are used to express a totality or a broad range, signifying both the singular identity of Israel and its internal multiplicity (tribes) or broader influence. Finally, the declaration "kings shall come out of thy loins" is a clear example of **Prophecy**, a forward-looking statement that foreshadows future historical events (the monarchy of Israel) and ultimately points to a greater, eschatological fulfillment (the Messiah's eternal reign).

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Genesis 35:11 is a cornerstone text for understanding the continuity and expansion of God's covenant with His chosen people. God's self-identification as *El Shaddai* underscores His omnipotence and faithfulness, assuring Jacob that the one making these promises has the absolute power to bring them to pass, regardless of human limitations or challenges. The promises of fruitfulness, multiplication, and becoming a great nation are direct echoes and expansions of the Abrahamic covenant, demonstrating God's unwavering commitment to His chosen line across generations. The inclusion of the promise of "kings" is a pivotal prophetic statement, laying the groundwork for the future monarchy of Israel and, most significantly, pointing to the ultimate King, the Messiah, who would descend from Jacob's lineage and reign eternally. This passage highlights God's meticulous and sovereign control over human history and His unfolding redemptive plan, ensuring that His purposes will be accomplished.

* [Genesis 17:6](/genesis/17-6 "God's Covenant with Abraham")
* [Romans 9:6-8](/romans/9-6-8 "God's Election of Israel")
* [Hebrews 11:11-12](/hebrews/11-11-12 "Faith of Sarah and Abraham")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Genesis 35:11 serves as a powerful reminder of God's unwavering faithfulness to His covenant promises across generations. Even when His people face difficulties, wander from His path, or experience personal failings, God remains steadfast in His overarching plan. This passage encourages believers today to place their trust in God's sovereign power, *El Shaddai*, to fulfill His word in their lives, knowing that His purposes extend beyond individual circumstances to a grand, unfolding redemptive narrative for all humanity. Just as God promised Jacob a royal lineage leading to Christ, we can have confidence in His ongoing work in the world and in our personal journeys of faith. It calls us to recognize that God's plans are often generational, requiring patience and trust in His long-term vision, even when we only see a small part of the picture. We are invited to participate in His grand narrative, trusting that His power is sufficient for every promise.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **How does God's self-identification as *El Shaddai* (God Almighty) at this moment in Jacob's life offer comfort and assurance to us today?**
* **In what ways does the command to "be fruitful and multiply" extend beyond physical procreation to our spiritual lives and influence?**
* **How does understanding God's long-term plan, as revealed in the promise of kings from Jacob's loins, shape our perspective on present challenges and future hopes?**

### FAQ
**What does "God Almighty" (El Shaddai) mean in this context?**

Answer: "God Almighty" is the English translation of the Hebrew name *El Shaddai*. *El* (H410) is a general Semitic term for God, while *Shaddai* (H7706) is often interpreted as "all-sufficient," "all-powerful," "the nourisher," or "the one who pours out blessings." In this context, it emphasizes God's absolute power and sufficiency to fulfill His promises, particularly in situations that seem humanly impossible, such as bringing forth a great nation from an aging patriarch like Jacob. It assures Jacob of God's limitless ability to provide, sustain, and bring His covenant promises to fruition.

**Does "a company of nations" refer to more than just Israel?**

Answer: While "a nation" (H1471) clearly refers to the singular nation of Israel, "a company of nations" (Hebrew: *qahal goyim*, H6951 and H1471) can have multiple layers of meaning. It primarily refers to the multitude of tribes and clans that would descend from Jacob's twelve sons, forming distinct groups within the larger nation of Israel. The promise to Abraham in [Genesis 17:6](/genesis/17-6 "God's Promise to Abraham of Many Nations") also used similar language, suggesting a broader impact. The phrase can encompass the idea of Israel's influence upon surrounding peoples or, prophetically, point to the spiritual descendants of Abraham through faith from all nations, as later developed in the New Testament (e.g., [Romans 4:16-17](/romans/4-16-17 "Abraham, Father of All Believers")).

**How does the promise of "kings" relate to Jesus Christ?**

Answer: The promise that "kings shall come out of thy loins" (H4428 and H2504) is a direct prophetic line pointing to the future monarchy of Israel, notably the Davidic dynasty. Ultimately, this promise finds its supreme fulfillment in Jesus Christ. He is the King of Kings ([Revelation 19:16](/revelation/19-16 "Christ as King of Kings")), the descendant of David (and thus Jacob) who establishes an eternal, spiritual kingdom. The New Testament consistently traces Jesus's lineage back to Jacob (e.g., [Matthew 1:2](/matthew/1-2 "Genealogy of Jesus")) to demonstrate His rightful claim to this royal promise. This declaration underscores God's long-term plan to bring forth a divine ruler from Jacob's lineage, who would accomplish ultimate redemption and reign forever.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Genesis 35:11, particularly the promise that "kings shall come out of thy loins," finds its ultimate and most profound fulfillment in Jesus Christ. While it immediately foreshadowed the earthly monarchy of Israel, including the glorious line of David, its deeper significance points to the Messiah. Jesus, as the Son of David and a direct descendant of Jacob, is the eternal King whose reign transcends earthly kingdoms. The genealogies in [Matthew 1:1-17](/matthew/1-1-17 "The Genealogy of Jesus") and [Luke 3:23-38](/luke/3-23-38 "The Genealogy of Jesus") meticulously trace His lineage back through Jacob, Abraham, and ultimately to Adam, establishing His rightful claim to the royal promises made to the patriarchs. Jesus fulfills the promise of a royal lineage by establishing a spiritual kingdom that is everlasting and universal, bringing salvation and redemption to all who believe, as proclaimed in [Colossians 1:13-14](/colossians/1-13-14 "Redemption in Christ's Kingdom"). He is not merely a king from Jacob's line, but the King of Kings and Lord of Lords ([Revelation 19:16](/revelation/19-16 "Christ as King of Kings")), whose reign is eternal and whose dominion extends over all creation, thereby bringing the patriarchal promises to their glorious, eschatological climax.

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Genesis 17:1

¶ And when Abram was ninety years old and nine, the LORD appeared to Abram, and said unto him, I [am] the Almighty God; walk before me, and be thou perfect.

Genesis 22:17

That in blessing I will bless thee, and in multiplying I will multiply thy seed as the stars of the heaven, and as the sand which [is] upon the sea shore; and thy seed shall possess the gate of his enemies;

Genesis 9:1

¶ And God blessed Noah and his sons, and said unto them, Be fruitful, and multiply, and replenish the earth.

2 Corinthians 6:18

And will be a Father unto you, and ye shall be my sons and daughters, saith the Lord Almighty.

Exodus 6:3

And I appeared unto Abraham, unto Isaac, and unto Jacob, by [the name of] God Almighty, but by my name JEHOVAH was I not known to them.

Genesis 17:5

Neither shall thy name any more be called Abram, but thy name shall be Abraham; for a father of many nations have I made thee.

Genesis 17:7

¶ And I will establish my covenant between me and thee and thy seed after thee in their generations for an everlasting covenant, to be a God unto thee, and to thy seed after thee.