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circa 1050–1010 BC
Samuel & King Saul
Israel demands a king; Samuel anoints Saul, whose disobedience leads to his rejection as God chooses a man after his own heart.
- 1 Samuel 20:8c. 1062 BC
Therefore show kindness to your servant, for you bound your servant to yourself by a covenant before ADONAI. But if I have done something wrong, kill me yourself! Why turn me over to your father?"
- 1 Samuel 20:9c. 1062 BC
Y'honatan said, "Heaven forbid! If I ever were to learn that my father had definitely decided to do you harm, wouldn't I tell you?"
- 1 Samuel 20:10c. 1062 BC
Then David asked Y'honatan, "Who will tell me in the event your father gives you a harsh answer?"
- 1 Samuel 20:11c. 1062 BC
Y'honatan said to David, "Come, let's go out in the countryside." They went out, both of them, to the countryside.
- 1 Samuel 20:12c. 1062 BC
Y'honatan said to David, "ADONAI, the God of Isra'el [is witness]: after I have sounded out my father, about this time tomorrow, or the third day, then, if things look good for David, I will send and let you know.
- 1 Samuel 20:13c. 1062 BC
But if my father intends to do you harm, may ADONAI do as much and more to me if I don't let you know and send you away, so that you can go in peace. And may ADONAI be with you, just as he used to be with my father.
- 1 Samuel 20:14c. 1062 BC
However, you are to show me ADONAI's kindness not only while I am alive, so that I do not die;
- 1 Samuel 20:15c. 1062 BC
but also, after ADONAI has eliminated every one of David's enemies from the face of the earth, you are to continue showing kindness to my family forever."
- 1 Samuel 20:16c. 1062 BC
Thus Y'honatan made a covenant with the family of David, adding, "May ADONAI seek its fulfillment even through David's enemies."
- 1 Samuel 20:17c. 1062 BC
Y'honatan had David swear it again, because of the love he had for him - he loved him as he loved himself.
- 1 Samuel 20:18c. 1062 BC
Y'honatan said to him, "Tomorrow is Rosh-Hodesh, and you will be missed, because your seat will be empty.
- 1 Samuel 20:19c. 1062 BC
The third day, hide yourself well in the same place as you did before; stay by the Departure Stone.
- 1 Samuel 20:20c. 1062 BC
I will shoot three arrows to one side, as if I were shooting at a target.
- 1 Samuel 20:21c. 1062 BC
Then I will send my boy to recover them. If I tell the boy, 'They're here on this side of you, take them,' then come - it means that everything is peaceful for you; as ADONAI lives, there's nothing wrong.
- 1 Samuel 20:22c. 1062 BC
But if I tell the boy, 'The arrows are out there, beyond you,' then get going, because ADONAI is sending you away.
- 1 Samuel 20:23c. 1062 BC
As for the matter we discussed earlier, ADONAI is between you and me forever."
- 1 Samuel 20:24c. 1062 BC
So David hid himself in the countryside. When Rosh-Hodesh came, the king sat down to eat his meal.
- 1 Samuel 20:25c. 1062 BC
The king sat at his usual place by the wall. Y'honatan stood up, and Avner sat next to Sha'ul, but David's place was empty.
- 1 Samuel 20:26c. 1062 BC
However, Sha'ul didn't say anything that day; because he thought, "Something has happened to him, he is unclean. Yes, that's it, he isn't clean."
- 1 Samuel 20:27c. 1062 BC
The day after Rosh-Hodesh, the second day, David's place was empty; and Sha'ul said to Y'honatan his son, "Why hasn't Yishai's son come to the meal either yesterday or today?"
- 1 Samuel 20:28c. 1062 BC
Y'honatan answered Sha'ul, "David begged me to let him go to Beit-Lechem.
- 1 Samuel 20:29c. 1062 BC
He said, 'Please let me go, because our family has a sacrifice in the city, and my brother demanded that I come. So now, if you look on me favorably, please let me get away and see my brothers.' That's why he hasn't come to the king's table."
- 1 Samuel 20:30c. 1062 BC
At that Sha'ul flew into a rage at Y'honatan and said, "You crooked rebel! Don't I know that you've made this son of Yishai your best friend? You don't care that you're shaming yourself and dishonoring your mother, do you?
- 1 Samuel 20:31c. 1062 BC
Because as long as the son of Yishai lives on this earth, neither you nor your kingdom will be secure. Now send and bring him here to me - he deserves to die."
- 1 Samuel 20:32c. 1062 BC
Y'honatan answered Sha'ul his father, "Why should he be put to death? What has he done?"