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Study This Verse
Public-domain commentary
Matthew Henry
From his Commentary on the Whole Bible. Henry comments on passages, not single verses — this entry covers Genesis 49:22–27. His four-level outline is real structure in the source text, so it is rendered as structure.
He closes with the blessings of his best beloved sons, Joseph and Benjamin; with these he will breathe his last.
I.The blessing of Joseph, which is very large and full.
He is compared (Gen 49:22) to a fruitful bouth, or young tree; for God had made him fruitful in the land of his affliction; he owned it. Gen 41:52. His two sons were as branches of a vine, or other spreading plant, running over the wall. Note, God can make those fruitful, great comforts to themselves and others, who have been looked upon as dry and withered. More is recorded in the history concerning Joseph than concerning any other of Jacob's sons; and therefore what Jacob says of him is historical as well as prophetical. Observe,
1.The providences of God concerning Joseph, Gen 49:23, Gen 49:24. These are mentioned to the glory of God, and for the encouragement of Jacob's faith and hope, that God had blessings in store for his seed. Here observe (1.) Joseph's straits and troubles, Gen 49:23. Though he now lived at ease and in honour, Jacob reminds him of the difficulties he had formerly waded through. He had had many enemies, here called archers, being skilful to do mischief, masters of their art of persecution. They hated him: there persecution begins. They shot their poisonous darts at him, and thus they sorely grieved him. His brethren, in his father's house, were very spiteful towards him, mocked him, stripped him, threatened him, sold him, thought they had been the death of him. His mistress, in the house of Potiphar, sorely grieved him, and shot at him, when she impudently assaulted his chastity (temptations are fiery darts, thorns in the flesh, sorely grievous to gracious souls); when she prevailed not in this, she hated him, and shot at him by her false accusations, arrows against which there is little fence but the hold God has in the consciences of the worst of men. Doubtless he had enemies in the court of Pharaoh, that envied his preferment, and sought to undermine him. (2.) Joseph's strength and support under all these troubles (Gen 49:24): His bow abode in strength, that is, his faith did not fail, but he kept his ground, and came off a conqueror. The arms of his hands were made strong, that is, his other graces did their part, his wisdom, courage, and patience, which are better than weapons of war. In short, he maintained both his integrity and his comfort through all his trials; he bore all his burdens with an invincible resolution, and did not sink under them, nor do any thing unbecoming him. (3.) The spring and fountain of this strength; it was by the hands of the mighty God, who was therefore able to strengthen him, and the God of Jacob, a God in covenant with him, and therefore engaged to help him. All our strength for the resisting of temptations, and the bearing of afflictions, comes from God: his grace is sufficient, and his strength is perfected in our weakness. (4.) The state of honour and usefulness to which he was subsequently advanced: Thence (from this strange method of providence) he became the shepherd and stone, the feeder and supporter, of God's Israel, Jacob and his family. Herein Joseph was a type, [1.] Of Christ; he was shot at and hated, but borne up under his sufferings (Isa 50:7-9), and was afterwards advanced to be the shepherd and stone. [2.] Of the church in general, and particular believers; hell shoots its arrows against the saints, but Heaven protects and strengthens them, and will crown them.
2.The promises of God to Joseph. See how these are connected with the former: Even by the God of thy father Jacob, who shall help thee, Gen 49:25. Note, Our experiences of God's power and goodness in strengthening us hitherto are our encouragements still to hope for help from him; he that has helped us will help: we may build much upon our Eben-ezers. See what Joseph may expect from the Almighty, even the God of his father.
(1.)He shall help thee in difficulties and dangers which may yet be before thee, help thy seed in their wars. Joshua came from him, who commanded in chief in the wars of Canaan.
(2.)He shall bless thee; and he only blesses indeed. Jacob prays for a blessing upon Joseph, but the God of Jacob commands the blessing. Observe the blessings conferred on Joseph.
[1.]Various and abundant blessings: Blessings of heaven above (rain in its season, and fair weather in its season, and the benign influences of the heavenly bodies); blessings of the deep that lieth under this earth, which, compared with the upper world, is but a great deep, with subterraneous mines and springs. Spiritual blessings are blessings of heaven above, which we ought to desire and seek for in the first place, and to which we must give the preference; while temporal blessings, those of this earth, must lie under in our account and esteem. Blessings of the womb and the breasts are given when children are safely born and comfortably nursed. In the word of God, by which we are born again, and nourished up (Pe1 1:23; Pe1 2:2), there are to the new man blessings both of the womb and the breasts.
[2.]Eminent and transcendent blessings, which prevail above the blessings of my progenitors, Gen 49:26. His father Isaac had but one blessing, and, when he had given that to Jacob, he was at a loss for a blessing to bestow upon Esau; but Jacob had a blessing for each of his twelve sons, and now, at the latter end, a copious one for Joseph. The great blessing entailed upon that family was increase, which did not so immediately and so signally follow the blessings which Abraham and Isaac gave to their sons as it followed the blessing which Jacob gave to his; for, soon after his death, they multiplied exceedingly.
[3.]Durable and extensive blessings: Unto the utmost bounds of the everlasting hills, including all the productions of the most fruitful hills, and lasting as long as they last, Isa 54:10. Note, the blessings of the everlasting God include the riches of the everlasting hills, and much more. Well, of these blessings it is here said, They shall be, so it is a promise, or, Let them be, so it is a prayer, on the head of Joseph, to which let them be as a crown to adorn it and a helmet to protect it. Joseph was separated from his brethren (so we read it) for a time; yet, as others read it, he was a Nazarite among his brethren, better and more excellent than they. Note, It is no new thing for the best men to meet with the worst usage, for Nazarites among their brethren to be cast out and separated from their brethren; but the blessing of God will make it up to them.
II.The blessing of Benjamin (Gen 49:27):
He shall raven as a wolf; it is plain by this that Jacob was guided in what he said by a spirit of prophecy, and not by natural affection; else he would have spoken with more tenderness of his beloved son Benjamin, concerning whom he only foresees and foretels this, that his posterity should be a warlike tribe, strong and daring, and that they should enrich themselves with the spoils of their enemies - that they should be active and busy in the world, and a tribe as much feared by their neighbours as any other: In the morning, he shall devour the prey, which he seized and divided over night. Or, in the first times of Israel, they shall be noted for activity, though many of them left-handed, Jdg 3:15; Jdg 20:16. Ehud the second judge, and Saul the first king, were of this tribe; and so also in the last times Esther and Mordecai, by whom the enemies of the Jews were destroyed, were of this tribe. The Benjamites ravened like wolves when they desperately espoused the cause of the men of Gibeah, those men of Belial, Jdg 20:14. Blessed Paul was of this tribe (Rom 11:1; Phi 3:5); and he did, in the morning of his day, devour the prey as a persecutor, but, in the evening, divided the spoil as a preacher. Note, God can serve his own purposes by the different tempers of men; the deceived and the deceiver are his.
Historical interpretation
Two Centuries of Reception
4 surviving comments on this verse. Each one is dated, so this reads as a timeline rather than a list.
Select a marker to jump to its quote. Markers stagger vertically where authors wrote within a few decades of each other.
By adding and saying “Because of the blessing of the womb of your father and your mother” the prophet proclaims in advance a spiritual mystery. He could have said, “Because of the blessing of the womb of your mother,” in order to indicate with this expression Mary, in whose womb the Word was borne for nine months. Well, this is not what he said; on the contrary he said, “Because of the blessing of the womb of your father and your mother.” By uniting these two things, he made them one, in order that it might be clearly understood that to this person belongs what is according to spirit and what is according to flesh. The Word took his origin from a father’s heart; … rightly the Father said through the prophet, “My heart has uttered a good Word.” On the other hand, according to flesh he took his origin in the latter times from a virginal womb after he was borne in it for nine months, so that he might appear to be visible as he was born a second time from a mother’s womb. And therefore he himself said through the prophet, “And thus said the Lord that formed me from the womb to be his own servant.” And through Jeremiah [the Father] said, “Before I formed you in the womb [of your mother], I knew you, and before you came forth from the womb, I sanctified you.” Since the Word was begotten both according to spirit and flesh and was actually both God and man, with good reason the prophet [Jacob] has used the word womb for a father and a mother; and this might seem to be ridiculous to somebody, if it were not understood this way. In fact, the term womb can be suitably referred only to the female nature. But here he has said, “Because of the blessing of the womb of your father and mother,” so that you might correctly understand that the Word is begotten from two substances, that of God and that of the Virgin.
But why did she say: Blessed is the womb of your father and mother, if we want to understand the womb alone of Mary, the reason will be hidden. For she could have said it concerning the womb of the mother alone. But I think it is more beautiful to understand both the generation of the Lord Jesus according to the spiritual mystery, and according to divinity, and according to the flesh, because he was begotten from the Father before the ages. And the Father says: My heart has uttered a word; because it proceeded from that most intimate and incomprehensible substance of the Father, and it is always in Him. Therefore the evangelist also says: No one has ever seen God, except the only-begotten Son who is in the bosom of the Father, He has declared Him. Just as the spiritual bosom of the Father is understood as a certain inner secret of paternal love and nature, in which the Son is always present, so also the spiritual bosom of the Father is the womb, the secret of the innermost mystery, from which the Son has proceeded as though from a generative womb. Finally, we read in diverse ways, sometimes the womb of the Father, sometimes his heart from which he uttered a word, sometimes his mouth from which justice proceeded, from which wisdom came forth, as he himself says: From the mouth of the Most High, I came forth. Thus, just as we understand that generation from the Father, let us also understand the generation of Mary, the mother, when the womb of the mother is blessed, certainly the virginal womb of Mary, who gave birth to the Lord Jesus for us. Concerning which the Father says through the prophet Jeremiah: Before I formed you in the womb, I knew you; and before you came forth from the womb, I sanctified you. Therefore, the prophet declared the dual substance in Christ, of divinity and flesh: one from the Father, the other from the Virgin; in such a way, however, that he did not lack his divinity when he was born of the Virgin and was in the body.
And therefore, in that seemingly contemptible body, you have prevailed, he said, because of the blessings of breasts and womb, the blessings of your father and mother. He called them either breasts or two Testaments, of which one was announced and the other was shown. And breasts are good, because they have nourished us with spiritual milk, and the Son offered himself to God: or he speaks of Mary's breasts, which were truly blessed, by which the holy Virgin gave the people of the Lord the drink of milk. And that woman in the Gospel said: Blessed is the womb that bore you, and the breasts that you nursed!
(Verse 22 and following) The son of Joseph grew up, the son of Joseph grown tall above the fountain of the daughter, walking with a composed stride on the wall. And they provoked him, and contended with him, and were angry against him, having arrows. He sat in the strength of his bow, and the chains of his hands were broken, from the hands of the mighty Jacob. From there will come the shepherd, the stone of Israel from the God of your father: and the rest. Because the Seventy Interpreters disagree in many places, we have expressed their interpretation as it is in Hebrew. And the meaning of the chapter is this: O Joseph, who is called thus because God has increased you for me, or because you will become greater among your brothers (for indeed Ephraim was the strongest of the tribe, as we read in the Books of Kings and Chronicles); O, I say, my son Joseph, who is so handsome that a crowd of Egyptian girls watches you from the walls, towers, and windows, your brothers envied you and provoked you to anger, wounded by arrows of envy and spears of jealousy. But you have set your bow and weapons of war in God, who is a mighty warrior; and your chains, with which your brothers bound you, have been loosed and broken by him, so that from your seed may be born Ephraim, strong and steadfast, like an unconquerable and unyielding stone, ruling over the ten tribes of Israel.
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Summary
Genesis 49:25 stands as a profound declaration within Jacob's final prophecies, specifically detailing the extraordinary divine favor and comprehensive provision promised to his beloved son, Joseph. It reveals God as both "the God of thy father," emphasizing His covenantal faithfulness and personal relationship with the patriarchs, and "the Almighty," highlighting His boundless power and all-sufficiency. This verse articulates a holistic outpouring of blessings encompassing meteorological provisions from the heavens, subterranean resources from the earth's depths, and abundant fertility in both human and animal life, underscoring God's personal help, unwavering commitment, and complete power to bless Joseph and his descendants in every sphere.
Context
Literary Context
Genesis 49:25 is nestled within Jacob's deathbed prophecies, a pivotal chapter where the dying patriarch pronounces a prophetic word over each of his twelve sons, shaping their tribal destinies and revealing God's sovereign plan for Israel. The blessings vary significantly, reflecting the character and future of each son. Joseph's blessing, spanning Genesis 49:22-26, is uniquely extensive and overwhelmingly positive, standing in stark contrast to the more disciplinary or muted pronouncements given to his older brothers, Reuben, Simeon, and Levi. This extensive blessing for Joseph underscores his faithfulness, his endurance through immense suffering, and his pivotal role in preserving his family, culminating in the powerful and comprehensive divine promise articulated in this specific verse. It serves as the climax of Joseph's portion, emphasizing the divine source of his unparalleled prosperity and fruitfulness.
Historical & Cultural Context
Jacob's blessings, delivered in ancient Egypt, draw upon the agrarian and pastoral realities of the ancient Near East. Blessings of "heaven above" (rain, dew) and "the deep that lieth under" (springs, subterranean water) were absolutely critical for survival and prosperity in a region heavily dependent on agriculture and livestock, where drought was a constant threat. Fertility, symbolized by "blessings of the breasts, and of the womb," was paramount, as large families and thriving herds were seen as direct signs of divine favor and essential for tribal strength, continuity, and defense. The concept of a "God of the father" was a common way to refer to the ancestral deity, emphasizing a personal, familial, and covenantal relationship passed down through generations. The title "Almighty" (El Shaddai) was particularly significant, often associated with God's power to make barren women fruitful and to fulfill covenant promises of numerous descendants, as seen in His interactions with Abraham and Isaac (e.g., Genesis 17:1 and Genesis 28:3).
Key Themes
This verse powerfully contributes to several overarching themes within Genesis and the broader Pentateuch. It highlights Divine Sovereignty and Providence, unequivocally attributing all forms of blessing and provision to God's active hand. The phrase "the God of thy father" reinforces the theme of Covenant Faithfulness, demonstrating God's unwavering commitment to the promises made to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, which extend to their descendants. The comprehensive nature of the blessings—from sky, to earth, to fertility—underscores the theme of Holistic Provision, portraying God as the all-sufficient source of well-being in every aspect of life. Furthermore, the emphasis on fertility ("breasts" and "womb") is central to the theme of Fruitfulness and Multiplication, a foundational promise given to the patriarchs (e.g., Genesis 1:28 and Genesis 12:2), which is here applied specifically to Joseph's lineage, foreshadowing the immense growth of the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh.
Exposition and Analysis
Key Word Analysis
This term, a shortened form of a word meaning "strength," denotes power and might. Here, it refers to the one true God, emphasizing His inherent strength and authority as the source of all blessing. When paired with "of thy father," it highlights the personal, covenantal relationship God maintains with His chosen people, extending His power and faithfulness across generations.
Derived from a root meaning "to be mighty" or "to overpower," this divine name (El Shaddai) signifies God's absolute omnipotence and His sufficiency to fulfill His promises. It often carries connotations of God as the "All-Sufficient One" or the "Breasted One," implying abundant nourishment, provision, and the power to bring fruitfulness, particularly in contexts of barrenness or covenant fulfillment, making it highly appropriate for the blessings of fertility and abundance described in this verse.
From the root bârak (to kneel, to bless), this noun encompasses benediction, prosperity, and a divine bestowal of favor. In this context, it refers to tangible manifestations of God's goodness and favor, encompassing material abundance, natural provisions, and the gift of life and progeny. The repetition of "blessings" underscores the comprehensive and overflowing nature of what God promises to Joseph.
Verse Breakdown
"Even by the God of thy father, who shall help thee;"
This opening clause immediately establishes the divine source of Joseph's prosperity. It links the blessing to the ancestral God, emphasizing His personal relationship with the patriarchs and His unwavering covenant faithfulness. The promise that God "shall help thee" signifies His active, protective, and supportive involvement in Joseph's life and the future of his descendants, providing assistance and strength against all odds.
"and by the Almighty, who shall bless thee"
This second divine appellation, "the Almighty" (El Shaddai), reinforces God's boundless power and all-sufficiency. It assures that the blessings are not merely wishes but guaranteed by an omnipotent God capable of bringing them to pass. The declaration that He "shall bless thee" serves as the overarching promise, setting the stage for the specific categories of blessings that follow.
"with blessings of heaven above,"
This refers to the meteorological provisions essential for life and agriculture. It encompasses rain, dew, sunlight, and favorable climatic conditions that ensure fertile ground and bountiful harvests. It symbolizes God's control over the celestial realm and His provision from above.
"blessings of the deep that lieth under,"
This denotes subterranean provisions, including abundant springs, underground water sources, and perhaps even mineral wealth. In an arid land, access to reliable water from beneath the earth was crucial for sustaining life, livestock, and crops. It signifies God's provision from the hidden depths of the earth.
"blessings of the breasts, and of the womb:"
This final category specifically addresses fertility and procreation. "Breasts" refers to the nourishment of offspring (both human and animal), while "womb" signifies the capacity for bearing children. Together, these symbolize abundant human descendants and thriving herds, ensuring the continuation, growth, and strength of Joseph's lineage and, by extension, the nation of Israel.
Literary Devices
Jacob's blessing on Joseph in Genesis 49:25 employs several powerful literary devices. Parallelism is evident in the repeated structure of "blessings of..." followed by a source (heaven, deep, breasts/womb), which emphasizes the comprehensive and diverse nature of God's provision. A significant use of Merism is found in the pairing of "heaven above" and "deep that lieth under." This rhetorical device uses two contrasting parts to represent the whole, indicating that God's blessings encompass everything from the highest heavens to the deepest parts of the earth, signifying total and complete provision. Furthermore, Symbolism is rich throughout the verse. "Heaven above" symbolizes divine favor and meteorological abundance; "the deep that lieth under" symbolizes subterranean resources and hidden sustenance; and "breasts" and "womb" powerfully symbolize fertility, life, and the continuation of generations. These symbolic elements paint a vivid picture of God's all-encompassing care and His desire for the flourishing of His people.
Theological and Thematic Connections
Genesis 49:25 profoundly reveals God as the singular, all-sufficient source of every good gift, demonstrating His active involvement in the physical and material well-being of His people, not just their spiritual lives. The dual identification of God as "the God of thy father" and "the Almighty" underscores His relational faithfulness across generations and His boundless power to fulfill His covenant promises, particularly those related to fruitfulness and prosperity. This verse teaches that true blessing originates from God's benevolent hand, encompassing all aspects of life—from the natural environment to human and animal reproduction—and is a testament to His unwavering commitment to His people. It foreshadows the comprehensive nature of God's grace and provision throughout salvation history.
Reflection and Application
Genesis 49:25 serves as a powerful reminder of God's comprehensive and unfailing provision for His people. Just as He promised and delivered holistic blessings to Joseph—encompassing the heavens, the earth's depths, and abundant fertility—He continues to be our all-sufficient provider. This verse invites us to cultivate a deep trust in God's ability to meet our every need, not just spiritually, but also physically and materially. It challenges us to recognize His sovereign hand in the natural world, in the resources available to us, and in the very gift of life and fruitfulness. Understanding God as "the God of thy father" encourages us to reflect on His faithfulness throughout history and in our own lives, fostering gratitude for His generational blessings. When we face scarcity or uncertainty, this passage calls us to look to the Almighty, who is capable of providing from unexpected sources and in abundant measure, inspiring us to live in reliance on His generous and faithful character.
Questions for Reflection
FAQ
What is the significance of the specific blessings mentioned in Genesis 49:25?
The blessings—"of heaven above," "of the deep that lieth under," and "of the breasts, and of the womb"—are profoundly significant because they represent a comprehensive and holistic provision for all aspects of life and prosperity in the ancient world. "Blessings of heaven above" refers to the essential meteorological provisions like rain and dew, crucial for agricultural abundance and a thriving land. "Blessings of the deep that lieth under" signifies the abundance of subterranean water sources (springs, wells) and potentially mineral wealth, vital for sustaining life and prosperity even in arid regions. "Blessings of the breasts, and of the womb" points to fertility in both humans and livestock, ensuring the continuation, growth, and strength of the family and tribe. Together, these categories symbolize God's complete and all-encompassing provision, covering everything from the natural environment to the propagation of life, ensuring a thriving and fruitful people.
Why is God referred to as 'the God of thy father' and 'the Almighty' in this verse?
These two distinct yet complementary titles for God emphasize crucial aspects of His character and His relationship with His people. "The God of thy father" (referring to Jacob, Isaac, and Abraham) highlights God's personal, covenantal relationship with the patriarchs. It underscores His unwavering faithfulness across generations and the continuity of His promises, linking Joseph's blessing directly to the established covenant. This title assures Joseph that the blessing comes from a God who is intimately involved with His people's history and destiny. "The Almighty" translates the Hebrew El Shaddai, which signifies God's absolute power, all-sufficiency, and His unique ability to fulfill His promises, particularly those related to fruitfulness and provision. The combination of these names assures Joseph that the blessing is from a God who is both intimately relational and infinitely powerful, fully capable of delivering on His comprehensive and abundant promises. This dual naming reinforces the divine authority and certainty behind Jacob's prophetic words.
Christ-Centered Fulfillment
The comprehensive and abundant blessings promised to Joseph in Genesis 49:25 find their ultimate and spiritual fulfillment in Jesus Christ. Joseph, through his suffering, exaltation, and role as a provider for his family, serves as a powerful type of Christ, who endured immense suffering to become the ultimate source of life, provision, and spiritual blessing for all humanity. In Christ, believers receive not merely temporal or material blessings, but every spiritual blessing "from heaven above," as Paul declares in Ephesians 1:3, including redemption, forgiveness of sins, adoption as sons and daughters, and the sealing of the Holy Spirit. The "blessings of the deep that lieth under" and "blessings of the breasts, and of the womb" can be seen as foreshadowing the inexhaustible spiritual resources found in Christ—He is the source of "living water" that springs up to eternal life (John 4:14), and through abiding in Him, believers bear abundant spiritual fruit (John 15:5). God's covenant faithfulness, invoked by "the God of thy father," is perfectly realized in the new covenant established through Christ's blood, where all of God's promises are "Yes" and "Amen" in Him (2 Corinthians 1:20). Thus, the holistic provision promised to Joseph is spiritually magnified and eternally secured for all who are in Christ, the true and greater Joseph, through whom all true and lasting blessings flow.