Genesis 41:43

KJV

And he made him to ride in the second chariot which he had; and they cried before him, Bow the knee: and he made him [ruler] over all the land of Egypt.

KJV (with Strong's)

And he made him to ride {H7392} in the second {H4932} chariot {H4818} which he had; and they cried {H7121} before him {H6440}, Bow the knee {H86}: and he made {H5414} him ruler over all the land {H776} of Egypt {H4714}.

Complete Jewish Bible

and had him ride in his second best chariot; and they cried before him, "Bow down!" Thus he placed him in charge of the whole land of Egypt.

Berean Standard Bible

He had Joseph ride in his second chariot, with men calling out before him, “Bow the knee!” So he placed him over all the land of Egypt.

American Standard Version

and he made him to ride in the second chariot which he had; and they cried before him, Bow the knee: and he set him over all the land of Egypt.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Genesis 41:43 vividly portrays the dramatic public inauguration of Joseph as Egypt's vizier, a position second only to Pharaoh himself. After interpreting Pharaoh's dreams and providing a strategic plan for national survival, Joseph, a former Hebrew slave and prisoner, is elevated to immense power. This verse details his royal procession in the "second chariot," the public acclamation "Bow the knee," and his official appointment as "ruler over all the land of Egypt," signifying God's sovereign hand in reversing Joseph's fortunes to preserve many lives, including his own family, during the impending famine.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** Genesis 41:43 serves as the climactic moment in Joseph's rapid ascent from prison to power, immediately following Pharaoh's decision to appoint him. The preceding verses (Genesis 41:37-41) describe Pharaoh's profound impression of Joseph's wisdom and the evident Spirit of God within him, leading to the unprecedented declaration of Joseph's elevation. Genesis 41:42 then details the bestowal of royal regalia—Pharaoh's signet ring, fine linen garments, and a gold chain—symbolizing the transfer of authority. This verse, Genesis 41:43, marks the public manifestation and formalization of that authority, transitioning from a private decree to a nationwide proclamation. It sets the stage for Joseph's administrative actions in the following verses and the eventual reunion with his family, which is the central narrative arc of the latter part of the book of Genesis.
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** Ancient Egypt was a highly structured society with a powerful pharaoh at its apex. The appointment of a vizier (or prime minister) was a critical role, often held by someone of immense trust and capability, responsible for the entire administration of the kingdom. The public procession in a chariot and the command for obeisance were common practices in the ancient Near East to legitimize and display the authority of high-ranking officials. Such ceremonies served to inform the populace of new appointments and to demand their immediate submission. The concept of a foreign-born individual, especially a former slave, rising to such a position was extraordinary, though not entirely unheard of in the fluid political landscape of the Second Intermediate Period, when non-Egyptians sometimes held positions of power. This particular elevation underscores the divine intervention at play, as it was highly unusual for a Semite to achieve such prominence in the Egyptian court.
* **Key Themes:** This verse powerfully encapsulates several key themes prevalent in the book of Genesis and the broader biblical narrative. It is a profound demonstration of **Divine Providence and Sovereignty**, showcasing God's meticulous orchestration of events to fulfill His purposes, even through human suffering and injustice, as seen in Joseph's journey from the pit to the palace (compare [Genesis 37:24](/genesis/37-24 "Joseph thrown into the pit") with [Genesis 41:40](/genesis/41-40 "Joseph made ruler over Egypt")). The theme of **Reversal of Fortune** is vividly illustrated, transforming Joseph from a despised slave and unjustly imprisoned man (see [Genesis 39:20](/genesis/39-20 "Joseph's unjust imprisonment")) into the most powerful man in Egypt, second only to Pharaoh. Furthermore, it highlights the theme of **God Exalting the Humble and Faithful**, as Joseph's steadfastness and reliance on God through adversity are rewarded with unprecedented honor and responsibility. This elevation is also crucial for the **Preservation of God's Covenant People**, as Joseph's position will enable him to save his family and many nations from the impending famine, thereby ensuring the continuation of the lineage through which God's promises will be fulfilled, a theme that resonates throughout [Genesis](/genesis/1 "The Book of Genesis").

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
Genesis 41:43 vividly portrays the public investiture of Joseph's new authority, emphasizing the immediate and profound transformation of his status. Pharaoh's command for Joseph to ride in the "second chariot" signifies his unparalleled position, second only to the monarch himself, and his direct association with the royal household and power. The command "Bow the knee" (Hebrew: *'abrek*), shouted before him, underscores the absolute submission and reverence demanded from the populace towards their new administrator. This public acclamation was a common practice in ancient Near Eastern cultures to acknowledge and legitimize high officials. Joseph was not merely given a title; he was granted full administrative control, becoming the de facto governor responsible for managing the nation's resources and preparing for the impending crisis, as he had advised Pharaoh in [Genesis 41:33-36](/genesis/41-33-36 "Joseph's counsel to Pharaoh on famine preparation"). This elevation was a complete reversal of his previous status, from a despised slave, sold by his brothers in [Genesis 37:28](/genesis/37-28 "Joseph sold into slavery"), and an unjustly imprisoned man, as detailed in [Genesis 39:20](/genesis/39-20 "Joseph's unjust imprisonment").

#### Key Word Analysis
* **Bow the knee (Hebrew, _ʼabrêk'_):** This word is likely an Egyptian loanword, though its precise etymology is debated. Possible meanings include "kneel," "father of the king," or "tender father." Regardless of its exact linguistic origin, in this context, it functions as a command for immediate and absolute obeisance, signaling profound reverence and submission to Joseph's newly bestowed authority. It is a public declaration of his supreme administrative power.
* **chariot (Hebrew, _merkâbâh'_):** This term refers to a wheeled vehicle, typically drawn by horses, used for warfare, hunting, or ceremonial processions. In this verse, the "chariot" serves as a powerful symbol of royal authority, prestige, and swift movement. Joseph riding in it publicly displays his direct association with Pharaoh's power and his elevated status within the Egyptian hierarchy.
* **second (Hebrew, _mishneh'_):** Derived from a root meaning "repetition" or "double," this word here signifies Joseph's rank as "second in order" or "second in command." It explicitly clarifies that Joseph's authority is supreme, surpassed only by Pharaoh himself, making him the de facto ruler and administrator over the entire land.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"And he made him to ride in the second chariot which he had":** This clause describes Pharaoh's direct action to publicly install Joseph in a position of unparalleled authority. Riding in the "second chariot" was a highly visible symbol of Joseph's status as the chief administrator, directly beneath the king. It was a public display of his new power and proximity to the throne, ensuring his commands would be recognized and obeyed throughout Egypt.
* **"and they cried before him, Bow the knee":** This phrase details the public acclamation accompanying Joseph's procession. The command "Bow the knee" (Hebrew: *'abrek*) was a demand for immediate and complete submission and reverence from the populace. It served to formally introduce Joseph as the new, supremely powerful vizier and to ensure that all recognized and respected his authority. This communal act of obeisance solidified his legitimacy in the eyes of the people.
* **"and he made him [ruler] over all the land of Egypt":** This final clause unequivocally states the scope of Joseph's newly granted power. Pharaoh not only elevated Joseph in status but formally appointed him as the executive authority over the entire nation. The KJV's bracketed "[ruler]" clarifies that Joseph was entrusted with comprehensive administrative and governing power, a critical role given the imminent famine and the need for centralized management of resources.

#### Literary Devices
The passage employs several potent literary devices to convey the profound significance of Joseph's elevation. **Symbolism** is prominent, with the "second chariot" and the royal regalia (mentioned in previous verses) serving as powerful visual symbols of Joseph's supreme authority and his direct association with Pharaoh's power. The act of "Bow the knee" is also symbolic, representing the absolute submission and reverence demanded by his new status. **Irony** is deeply embedded in the narrative, as the one who was unjustly sold into slavery and imprisoned, seemingly at the lowest point of human existence, is now exalted to the highest position of power in the world's most formidable empire. This dramatic reversal underscores the **Divine Hand** at work, turning human malice into divine good. Furthermore, the entire scene functions as a form of **Foreshadowing**, subtly hinting at the future fulfillment of Joseph's own prophetic dreams from his youth, where his brothers and family would ultimately bow down to him, acknowledging his authority and provision.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
This verse is a profound testament to God's meticulous orchestration of events, demonstrating His sovereign control over human affairs and His ability to work all things for His ultimate purposes. Joseph's elevation was not a stroke of luck but a divinely appointed act, turning years of suffering into a position of immense power for a specific, life-preserving purpose: to fulfill God's covenant promises to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob by preserving their lineage and eventually bringing them to Egypt.

* [Genesis 50:20](/genesis/50-20 "Joseph's words to his brothers") – Joseph's later declaration to his brothers, "But as for you, ye thought evil against me; but God meant it unto good, to bring to pass, as it is this day, to save much people alive."
* [Psalm 105:17-22](/psalm/105-17-22 "God sends Joseph ahead of them") – This psalm recounts Joseph's journey, emphasizing God's providential hand in sending him to Egypt ahead of his family to prepare the way.
* [Romans 8:28](/romans/8-28 "God works all things for good") – "And we know that all things work together for good to them that love God, to them who are the called according to his purpose."

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Genesis 41:43 offers profound lessons for contemporary believers, particularly regarding trust in God's overarching plan amidst personal trials. Joseph's story encourages us to recognize that even through prolonged hardship, injustice, and seemingly hopeless situations, God is sovereignly orchestrating events for His ultimate redemptive purposes. His unwavering faithfulness in adversity, whether as a slave or a prisoner, forged the character necessary for his future responsibilities, reminding us that our own trials can be crucibles for spiritual growth and preparation for God's divine call. Moreover, Joseph's unexpected exaltation serves as a powerful illustration that God often elevates the humble and faithful, not for their personal glory, but to fulfill His divine purposes, demonstrating His ability to work all things together for good for those who love Him and are called according to His purpose. We are called to remain faithful, trusting that God will position us for His will, equipping us to serve others and advance His kingdom, even when the path seems unclear or unjust.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **How does Joseph's journey from slave to vizier challenge your understanding of God's timing and methods in your own life?**
* **In what areas of your life are you currently experiencing "wilderness" or "prison" seasons, and how can Joseph's story encourage you to trust God's sovereign plan through them?**
* **How does Joseph's humility in attributing his abilities to God (Genesis 41:16) inspire you to acknowledge God in your own successes and gifts?**

### FAQ
**What is the significance of the "second chariot" in Genesis 41:43?**

Answer: The "second chariot" is a powerful symbol of Joseph's unparalleled authority and proximity to Pharaoh. It signifies that he was second only to the king in power and prestige, serving as a clear visual declaration to the Egyptian populace of his immense new status and the legitimacy of his commands. This public display ensured that his authority would be recognized and respected throughout the land of Egypt.

**What does the phrase "Bow the knee" (Hebrew: _'abrek_) imply about Joseph's authority?**

Answer: The phrase "Bow the knee" is a direct and emphatic command for absolute submission and reverence. It implies that Joseph was granted supreme administrative authority over all the land of Egypt, and the people were expected to show him the same respect and obedience due to a high-ranking royal official, second only to Pharaoh himself. While the exact etymology of the Hebrew word _'abrek_ is debated among scholars, its contextual use unequivocally establishes it as a proclamation of Joseph's supreme administrative power and the requirement for universal obeisance.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Joseph's dramatic exaltation in Genesis 41:43 serves as a profound type of Christ, foreshadowing the ultimate triumph and reign of God's Son. Like Joseph, Jesus was unjustly rejected by His own people, suffered humiliation, and was "imprisoned" by death in the grave. Yet, through God's divine providence, He was exalted to the highest position, given [all authority in heaven and on earth](/matthew/28-18 "Matthew 28:18 - All authority in heaven and on earth") and seated at the right hand of God, second only to the Father (as affirmed in [Ephesians 1:20-21](/ephesians/1-20-21 "Ephesians 1:20-21 - Christ seated at God's right hand")). Just as Joseph was elevated to save his family and many nations from physical famine, becoming a deliverer and provider of sustenance, Christ was exalted to be the ultimate Savior, providing spiritual sustenance and eternal life for all who believe, rescuing humanity from the famine of sin and death (see [John 6:35](/john/6-35 "John 6:35 - Jesus, the Bread of Life")). The command to "Bow the knee" before Joseph powerfully foreshadows the universal declaration that [at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, of things in heaven, and things in earth, and things under the earth](/philippians/2-10 "Philippians 2:10 - Every knee should bow to Jesus"), acknowledging His supreme Lordship and redemptive authority as King of kings and Lord of lords.

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Genesis 45:8

So now [it was] not you [that] sent me hither, but God: and he hath made me a father to Pharaoh, and lord of all his house, and a ruler throughout all the land of Egypt.

Acts 7:10

And delivered him out of all his afflictions, and gave him favour and wisdom in the sight of Pharaoh king of Egypt; and he made him governor over Egypt and all his house.

Genesis 42:6

And Joseph [was] the governor over the land, [and] he [it was] that sold to all the people of the land: and Joseph's brethren came, and bowed down themselves before him [with] their faces to the earth.

Genesis 45:26

And told him, saying, Joseph [is] yet alive, and he [is] governor over all the land of Egypt. And Jacob's heart fainted, for he believed them not.

Philippians 2:10

That at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, of [things] in heaven, and [things] in earth, and [things] under the earth;

Genesis 42:30

The man, [who is] the lord of the land, spake roughly to us, and took us for spies of the country.

Esther 6:8

Let the royal apparel be brought which the king [useth] to wear, and the horse that the king rideth upon, and the crown royal which is set upon his head: