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Proverbs 5:21

“God Sees All Ways”Proverbs 5:21–23
King James Version
For the ways of man are before the eyes of the LORD, and he pondereth all his goings.

Bible text: King James Version (1769 Blayney text) · Public domain

KJV (with Strong's)
For the ways H1870 of man H376 are before H5227 the eyes H5869 of the LORD H3068, and he pondereth H6424 all his goings H4570.

Bible text: King James Version with Strong's numbers · Public domain

Berean Standard Bible
For a man’s ways are before the eyes of the LORD, and the LORD examines all his paths.

Bible text: Berean Standard Bible · Public domain

American Standard Version
For the ways of man are before the eyes of Jehovah; And he maketh level all his paths.

Bible text: American Standard Version (1901) · Public domain

World English Bible Messianic
For the ways of man are before the eyes of the LORD. He examines all his paths.

Bible text: World English Bible, Messianic edition · Public domain

Geneva Bible (1599)
For the waies of man are before the eyes of the Lord, and he pondereth all his pathes.

Bible text: Geneva Bible (1599) · Public domain

Young's Literal Translation
For over-against the eyes of Jehovah are the ways of each, And all his paths He is pondering.

Bible text: Young's Literal Translation · Public domain

King James Version — Interlinear
9 Hebrew words
  1. כִּיkiforH3588PrtParticle Conditional
  2. נֹכַחNo·khachbeforeH5227Adj-mscAdjective Numerical Singular Masculine Construct
  3. עֵינֵי'ei·Nei[the] eyes ofH5869N-fdcNoun Dual Feminine Construct
  4. יְהוָהYah·wehYahwehH3068N-properNoun Proper Title
  5. דַּרְכֵיdar·khei[the] ways ofH1870N-cpcNoun Plural common gender Construct
  6. אִישׁ'Isha personH376N-msNoun Singular Masculine Absolute
  7. וְכָלve·kholand allH3605Conj-w ¦ N-mscNoun Singular Masculine Constructוְandכָלall
  8. מַעְגְּלֹתָיוma'·ge·lo·Tavhis tracksH4570N-fpc ¦ 3msNoun Plural (-ôt ending) Construct with suffixמַעְגְּלֹתָיtracksוhis
  9. מְפַלֵּסme·fa·Les[he is] making levelH6424V-Piel-Prtcpl-msVerb Piel Participle Singular Masculine Absolute
English is a literal word-by-word gloss of the Hebrew, not the KJV's wording. Why?

This is the original text the KJV's translators worked from — each Hebrew word with its own literal English meaning in this verse, prepared by scholars at Tyndale House, Cambridge. The KJV translates whole sentences, not word by word, so its wording differs: one Hebrew word can become several English words, and the KJV may choose “the LORD” where the gloss reads “Yahweh”. Both are faithful — they answer different questions. For the KJV's own rendering, switch to the KJV text.

Words in [ ] are added by the English.

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In the KJVVerse 16,539 of 31,102 · 53.2%

Study this verse

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This verse

Every path a person takes lies open before the LORD, who weighs each step with perfect justice, so a secret sin is secret only from other people.

“For the ways of man”

“For” ties this verse to the warnings before it and gives their reason. “Man” makes it true of everyone, beyond the son, and “ways” (derek) is the whole course of a life.

“are before the eyes of the LORD,”

God’s sight is spoken of in human terms so that we can grasp it. Every path, open or secret, lies in full view of the covenant God.

“and he pondereth all his goings.”

“Goings” are the steps of the journey, each movement and decision. God weighs every one of them, so his seeing leads to a just verdict.

The LORD Weighs All Our Ways

Proverbs 5:21–23

Summary

Proverbs 5 is a father’s warning to his son about the strange woman, and these three verses close it with the reason beneath all his other reasons. The LORD sees every road a man takes and weighs every step on it. The wicked man is then caught by his own iniquities and held by the cords of his sins, and he dies for lack of the instruction he refused, led off course by the greatness of his folly. The passage shows us a God before whom every path lies open, and it shows sin as a trap the sinner sets for himself.

Why the chapter ends with the eyes of the LORD

The father opens the chapter by calling his son to attend to wisdom and keep discretion (Proverbs 5:1–2). He then describes the strange woman, whose lips drop honey and whose end is “bitter as wormwood, sharp as a twoedged sword”. He warns of honour, wealth and health lost to her, and of the man who cries at the last, “How have I hated instruction, and my heart despised reproof” (Proverbs 5:3–14). Next he turns his son toward his own wife, to “rejoice with the wife of thy youth” and find his joy in her all his life (Proverbs 5:15–20).

Verse 21 begins with “For”, and every warning before it rests on what it says. The deepest reason to keep away from the strange woman is that the LORD sees. Adultery is the kind of sin people try hardest to hide, and the father reminds his son that every closed door stands open to God. Verses 22 and 23 then widen the warning from adultery to every wicked man and every kind of wrong.

In Israel adultery broke the seventh commandment, “Thou shalt not commit adultery” (Exodus 20:14), and the law of Moses made it punishable by death (Leviticus 20:10). Marriage was the base of family and community life, so this sin wounded a whole household and broke faith with God as well as with a spouse. The strange woman, whose title is also translated “foreign woman” or “adulteress”, is a real seductress, and she also stands for every attractive path that leads away from God’s covenant and his wisdom. “Ways” and “goings” were vivid words for people who walked a road to go anywhere, and the father uses them for the whole course of a life.

The LORD sees and weighs every path

“For the ways of man are before the eyes of the LORD.” The word for ways, derek, comes from the root darak, “to tread”, and means a road or path. Here it is a person’s whole course of life: his habits, choices and direction, in public and in private. The LORD who sees them is Yᵉhôvâh, God’s covenant name, which is drawn from hayah, “to be”, and speaks of the God who is, eternal and unchanging. The God watching this son is the personal God of Israel, who bound himself to his people and keeps justice.

The second line goes further: “he pondereth all his goings.” The verb pâlaç means to roll flat or level, as a path is levelled, and also to weigh or balance. God sees each step and then weighs it carefully, and his verdict on it is exact and fair. The word “all” takes in every step of the journey.

Psalm 139 says the same in prayer: “O LORD, thou hast searched me, and known me,” and “Thou compassest my path and my lying down, and art acquainted with all my ways” (Psalm 139:1–4). Through Jeremiah the LORD says, “For mine eyes are upon all their ways: they are not hid from my face, neither is their iniquity hid from mine eyes” (Jeremiah 16:17). Hebrews says that “all things are naked and opened unto the eyes of him with whom we have to do” (Hebrews 4:13). The God who weighs will also call to account, as Paul writes: “So then every one of us shall give account of himself to God” (Romans 14:12).

So a secret sin is secret only from other people. A man’s true character is what God sees, whatever others think of him. The same truth is a comfort to anyone wronged in secret, because God has seen that wrong too, and he will bring every hidden thing to a just account.

Is God always condemning us, then?

God weighs our steps as a just and loving Father, and his knowledge serves justice, guidance, correction and, in the end, redemption. He sees our sin, and he also sees our repentance, our struggles and our honest efforts to walk rightly. For those who are in Christ, his searching gaze brings conviction and growth in holiness, because their sins have been paid for by Christ’s sacrifice: “There is therefore now no condemnation to them which are in Christ Jesus” (Romans 8:1).

If God knows every step, are our choices still our own?

Scripture holds both truths together: God knows all our ways, and we answer for the ways we choose. God knows what a person will choose, and the person still makes that choice and bears its consequences. The warnings of Proverbs, this one included, are given because the son can truly choose between wisdom and folly, and his choice matters for eternity. Believers differ on how God’s knowledge of our choices fits with his rule over them, and on every reading the son is answerable for the road he takes.

Caught and bound by his own sins

“His own iniquities shall take the wicked himself, and he shall be holden with the cords of his sins.” The word for iniquities, ʻâvôn, means perversity or moral evil, a crookedness in a person, and it carries with it the guilt and the punishment that follow from that crookedness. It is plural here, a store of wrongs gathered over time.

The verb “take”, lâkad, means to catch, capture or seize. The man’s own iniquities are pictured as the captors who lay hold of him, and “himself” makes the irony plain. The second line says the same thing again in a fresh picture, as Hebrew poetry often does. “Holden” is tâmak, a verb that usually means to hold up or support, and here it means to hold fast in a firm grip. The cords, chebel, are ropes. The word is used for a rope, a measuring line, or a noose or snare. The man who thought himself free is tied up like an animal in a trap, and he tied the knots himself.

Sin promises pleasure and freedom and pays out bondage. Jesus said, “Whosoever committeth sin is the servant of sin” (John 8:34). Small sins repeated and left alone harden into habits, and habits grow into bonds that become harder to break with every year, until only God can set the sinner loose. This is the law of sowing and reaping that Paul states: “Be not deceived; God is not mocked: for whatsoever a man soweth, that shall he also reap” (Galatians 6:7). Its end is death: “For the wages of sin is death; but the gift of God is eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord” (Romans 6:23).

Set right after verse 21, this verse shows one way God’s justice works. He has ordered his world so that wickedness carries its own consequences, and the sinner’s ruin grows out of what he has done. The Judge who weighs every step has made a world in which sin catches the one who commits it.

Does all suffering come from a person’s own sin?

This proverb speaks of one kind of suffering, the ruin that a wicked man’s own sins bring on him, and Scripture names other sources as well. The whole creation groans under the fall (Romans 8:22), people suffer from the sins of others, and God tests and refines his own, as Job knew: “But he knoweth the way that I take: when he hath tried me, I shall come forth as gold” (Job 23:10). This verse explains the trap a sinner sets for himself, and the rest of Scripture speaks to the wider question of suffering.

Dying without instruction

“He shall die without instruction; and in the greatness of his folly he shall go astray.” The verb mûwth is the ordinary word for dying, used of literal death and also figuratively, and in its causative form it means to kill. Instruction, mûwçâr, comes from the root yasar and properly means chastisement. It covers correction, reproof, warning, discipline and teaching, the training meant to shape a person’s character and conduct. This man was offered correction and refused it, as the lament earlier in the chapter shows (Proverbs 5:12–14), and so he dies uncorrected.

Folly, ʼivveleth, comes from the same root as ʼeviyl, the word for a fool, and means foolishness, especially foolishness in action. In Proverbs it is a stubborn and perverse turn of mind that refuses to learn from experience or from God. “The greatness of his folly” is folly grown so large that it steers his whole life. To go astray, shagah, is to wander or err from the right path, which brings the passage back to the ways of verse 21. The man whose every step God weighed ends up lost on a road of his own choosing.

Proverbs sets two roads before its readers from beginning to end. Wisdom “is a tree of life to them that lay hold upon her” (Proverbs 3:13–18), while “the turning away of the simple shall slay them, and the prosperity of fools shall destroy them” (Proverbs 1:32). “The way of the wicked is as darkness: they know not at what they stumble” (Proverbs 4:19). Through Hosea the LORD mourns, “My people are destroyed for lack of knowledge” (Hosea 4:6), and Jesus speaks of the wide gate and broad way that lead to destruction and the strait gate and narrow way that lead to life (Matthew 7:13–14).

What kind of death is meant?

The death in this verse takes in both body and soul. The chapter has already warned of lost strength, wealth and health, and the choices it describes can end a life early through violence or neglect. The deeper meaning in Proverbs is spiritual: a life cut off from God, the source of life, with no moral direction or hope, heading for final ruin. A man can be alive in body and already dead in this sense, walking a road whose end is destruction.

Christ, who sees, judges and sets free

Jesus, God in the flesh, showed the truth of verse 21 again and again. He knew people’s thoughts (Matthew 9:4). John writes that he “knew all men” and “knew what was in man” (John 2:24–25). He told the Samaritan woman of her five husbands and of the man she was living with (John 4:17–18). The Father has committed all judgment to the Son (John 5:22), so the eyes that weigh every step are the eyes of Christ.

Verse 22 shows people bound with cords too strong for their own hands, and Christ came to free them. John the Baptist called him “the Lamb of God, which taketh away the sin of the world” (John 1:29). God “hath made him to be sin for us, who knew no sin; that we might be made the righteousness of God in him” (2 Corinthians 5:21). In Nazareth Jesus read that he had been sent “to preach deliverance to the captives” (Luke 4:18), and he calls the weary to himself: “Come unto me, all ye that labour and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest” (Matthew 11:28–30). Those he frees walk in newness of life (Romans 6:4), dead to sin and alive to God, with this promise: “sin shall not have dominion over you” (Romans 6:11–14).

Verse 23 describes all of us apart from him, for “They are all gone out of the way” (Romans 3:10–12). Christ is “the power of God, and the wisdom of God” (1 Corinthians 1:24), the one “in whom are hid all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge” (Colossians 2:3). He is God’s instruction in person, and on the cross he bore the death that our folly earned. Risen, he gives new life and sends the Spirit, who will “guide you into all truth” (John 16:13), so that those who were going astray now follow the Good Shepherd.

Living in the open before God

These verses give us the plain truth that every road we walk lies open before the LORD, and that he weighs each step with perfect justice. That is sobering, because it ends every hope of a hidden sin. It is also a gift. The God who sees all is the God who warns in time, as this father warned his son, and the wrong done to us in secret is in his sight as well.

The passage shows sin as it truly is, a rope that tightens the longer it is worn, and it holds out instruction as the way of life. The fool dies for lack of correction, and the one who receives it walks the road that wisdom lights. For those in Christ, the eyes that see every step belong to the Saviour who bore our sins and loosed our cords, and to live before him is to live in the light, glad to be known.

Last revised

Public-domain commentary

Matthew Henry

From his Commentary on the Whole Bible. Henry wrote on whole passages, and this entry covers Proverbs 5:15–23. He set out his notes in a two-level outline, kept here as he numbered it.

1662–1714 · 9 verses
Passage under commentProverbs 5:15–23
I. II. Main points1. 2. Sub-points

Solomon, having shown the great evil that there is in adultery and fornication, and all such lewd and filthy courses, here prescribes remedies against them.

I.Enjoy with satisfaction the comforts of lawful marriage, which was ordained for the prevention of uncleanness, and therefore ought to be made use of in time, lest it should not prove effectual for the cure of that which it might have prevented. Let none complain that God has dealt unkindly with them in forbidding them those pleasures which they have a natural desire of, for he has graciously provided for the regular gratification of them. "Thou mayest not indeed eat of every tree of the garden, but choose thee out one, which thou pleasest, and of that thou mayest freely eat; nature will be content with that, but lust with nothing." God, in thus confining men to one, has been so far from putting any hardship upon them that he has really consulted their true interest; for, as Mr. Herbert observes, "If God had laid all common, certainly man would have been the encloser." - Church-porch. Solomon here enlarges much upon this, not only prescribing it as an antidote, but urging it as an argument against fornication, that the allowed pleasures of marriage (however wicked wits may ridicule them, who are factors for the unclean spirit) far transcend all the false forbidden pleasures of whoredom.

1.Let young men marry, marry and not burn. Have a cistern, a well of thy own (Proverbs 5:15), even the wife of thy youth, Proverbs 5:18. Wholly abstain, or wed. - Herbert. "The world is wide, and there are varieties of accomplishments, among which thou mayest please thyself."

2.Let him that is married take delight in his wife, and let him be very fond of her, not only because she is the wife that he himself has chosen and he ought to be pleased with his own choice, but because she is the wife that God in his providence appointed for him and he ought much more to be pleased with the divine appointment, pleased with her because she is his own. Let thy fountain be blessed (Proverbs 5:18); think thyself very happy in her, look upon her as a blessed wife, let her have thy blessing, pray daily for her, and then rejoice with her. Those comforts we are likely to have joy of that are sanctified to us by prayer and the blessing of God. It is not only allowed us, but commanded us, to be pleasant with our relations; and it particularly becomes yoke-fellows to rejoice together and in each other. Mutual delight is the bond of mutual fidelity. It is not only taken for granted that the bridegroom rejoices over his bride (Isaiah 62:5), but given for law. Ecclesiastes 9:9, Live joyfully with the wife whom thou lovest all the days of thy life. Those take not their comforts where God has appointed who are jovial and merry with their companions abroad, but sour and morose with their families at home.

3.Let him be fond of his wife and love her dearly (Proverbs 5:19): Let her be as the loving hind and the pleasant roe, such as great men sometimes kept tame in their houses and played with. Desire no better diversion from severe study and business than the innocent and pleasant conversation of thy own wife; let her lie in thy bosom, as the poor man's ewe-lamb did in his (2 Samuel 12:3), and do thou repose thy head in hers, and let that satisfy thee at all times; and seek not for pleasure in any other. "Err thou always in her love. If thou wilt suffer thy love to run into an excess, and wilt be dotingly fond of any body, let it be only of thy own wife, where there is least danger of exceeding." This is drinking waters, to quench the thirst of thy appetite, out of thy own cistern, and running waters, which are clear, and sweet, and wholesome, out of thy own well, Proverbs 5:15. 1 Corinthians 7:2, 1 Corinthians 7:3.

4.Let him take delight in his children and look upon them with pleasure (Proverbs 5:16, Proverbs 5:17): "Look upon them as streams from thy own pure fountains" (the Jews are said to come forth out of the waters of Judah, Isaiah 48:1), "so that they are parts of thyself, as the streams are of the fountain. Keep to thy own wife, and thou shalt have," (1.) "A numerous offspring, like rivers of water, which run in abundance, and they shall be dispersed abroad, matched into other families, whereas those that commit whoredom shall not increase," Hosea 4:10. (2.) "A peculiar offspring, which shall be only thy own, whereas the children of whoredom, that are fathered upon thee, are, probably, not so, but, for aught thou knowest, are the offspring of strangers, and yet thou must keep them." (3.) "A creditable offspring, which are an honour to thee, and which thou mayest send abroad, and appear with, in the streets, whereas a spurious brood is thy disgrace, and that which thou art ashamed to own." In this matter, virtue has all the pleasure and honour in it; justly therefore it is called wisdom.

5.Let him then scorn the offer of forbidden pleasures when he is always ravished with the love of a faithful virtuous wife; let him consider what an absurdity it will be for him to be ravished with a strange woman (Proverbs 5:20), to be in love with a filthy harlot, and embrace the bosom of a stranger, which, if he had any sense of honour or virtue, he would loathe the thoughts of. "Why wilt thou be so sottish, such an enemy to thyself, as to prefer puddle-water, and that poisoned too and stolen, before pure living waters out of thy own well?" Note, If the dictates of reason may be heard, the laws of virtue will be obeyed.

II."See the eye of God always upon thee and let his fear rule in thy heart," Proverbs 5:21.

Those that live in this sin promise themselves secresy (the eye of the adulterer waits for the twilight, Job 24:15); but to what purpose, when it cannot be hidden from God? For,

1.He sees it. The ways of man, all his motions, all his actions, are before the eyes of the Lord, all the workings of the heart and all the outgoings of the life, that which is done ever so secretly and disguised ever so artfully. God sees it in a true light, and knows it with all its causes, circumstances, and consequences. He does not cast an eye upon men's ways now and then, but they are always actually in his view and under his inspection; and darest thou sin against God in his sight, and do that wickedness under his eye which thou durst not do in the presence of a man like thyself?

2.He will call the sinner to an account for it; for he not only sees, but ponders all his goings, judges concerning them, as one that will shortly judge the sinner for them. Every action is weighed, and shall be brought into judgment (Ecclesiastes 12:14), which is a good reason why we should ponder the path of our feet (Proverbs 4:26), and so judge ourselves that we may not be judged.

III."Foresee the certain ruin of those that go on still in their trespasses." Those that live in this sin promise themselves impunity, but they deceive themselves; their sin will find them out, Proverbs 5:22, Proverbs 5:23. The apostle gives the sense of these verses in a few words. Hebrews 13:4, Whoremongers and adulterers God will judge.

1.It is a sin which men with great difficulty shake off the power of. When the sinner is old and weak his lusts are strong and active, in calling to remembrance the days of his youth, Ezekiel 23:19. Thus his own iniquities having seized the wicked himself by his own consent, and he having voluntarily surrendered himself a captive to them, he is held in the cords of his own sins, and such full possession they have gained of him that he cannot extricate himself, but in the greatness of his folly (and what greater folly could there be than to yield himself a servant to such cruel task-masters?) he shall go astray, and wander endlessly. Uncleanness is a sin from which, when once men have plunged themselves into it, they very hardly and very rarely recover themselves.

2.It is a sin which, if it be not forsaken, men cannot possibly escape the punishment of; it will unavoidably be their ruin. As their own iniquities do arrest them in the reproaches of conscience and present rebukes (Jeremiah 7:19), so their own iniquities shall arrest them and bind them over to the judgments of God. There needs no prison, no chains; they shall be holden in the cords of their own sins, as the fallen angels, being incurably wicked, are thereby reserved in chains of darkness. The sinner, who, having been often reproved, hardens his neck, shall die at length without instruction. Having had general warnings sufficient given him already, he shall have no particular warnings, but he shall die without seeing his danger beforehand, shall die because he would not receive instruction, but in the greatness of his folly would go astray; and so shall his doom be, he shall never find the way home again. Those that are so foolish as to choose the way of sin are justly left of God to themselves to go in it till they come to that destruction which it leads to, which is a good reason why we should guard with watchfulness and resolution against the allurements of the sensual appetite.

Historical interpretation

Historical reception

1 surviving comment on this verse from the historical church.

1 quote · AD 735
d. AD 735BedeEarly MedievalSourceCommentary on Proverbs
The Lord looks upon the ways of man, etc. Let adulterers not think they are covered by the darkness of night against the wall, nor heretics that their schemes can be hidden, because the darkness will not be obscured from the Lord, and night will be illuminated like day.
Source: Quotations drawn from early Church Fathers and historical Christian theologians (AD 100–1500). Some quotes address the surrounding passage context rather than this verse alone.

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