Genesis 18:4

KJV

Let a little water, I pray you, be fetched, and wash your feet, and rest yourselves under the tree:

KJV (with Strong's)

Let a little {H4592} water {H4325}, I pray you {H4994}, be fetched {H3947}, and wash {H7364} your feet {H7272}, and rest yourselves {H8172} under the tree {H6086}:

Complete Jewish Bible

Please let me send for some water, so that you can wash your feet; then rest under the tree,

Berean Standard Bible

Let a little water be brought, that you may wash your feet and rest yourselves under the tree.

American Standard Version

let now a little water be fetched, and wash your feet, and rest yourselves under the tree:

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Genesis 18:4 vividly portrays Abraham's immediate, humble, and profound generosity toward three mysterious visitors who appear at his tent in the oppressive heat of the day. Recognizing the arduous nature of ancient Near Eastern travel, Abraham swiftly offers essential provisions for comfort and refreshment—water for washing their dusty feet and a shaded place to rest under a tree. This act encapsulates the deep cultural and spiritual value of hospitality, setting the stage for a pivotal divine encounter that will profoundly impact Abraham and Sarah's future.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** This verse is an integral part of the unfolding narrative in [Genesis 18](/genesis/18 "Genesis 18 - Abraham's Divine Visitors"), which immediately follows God's covenant with Abraham regarding circumcision in [Genesis 17](/genesis/17 "Genesis 17 - The Covenant of Circumcision"). Abraham, now ninety-nine years old, is sitting at the entrance of his tent in the plains of Mamre during the hottest part of the day. The appearance of three men prompts an immediate and urgent response from Abraham, who runs to meet them, bows low, and implores them not to pass by ([Genesis 18:1-3](/genesis/18-1-3 "Abraham's Encounter with the Lord and Two Angels")). [Genesis 18:4](/genesis/18-4 "Abraham's Offer of Hospitality") details the specific, practical offers of refreshment that follow his initial deferential invitation, establishing a scene of profound welcome and eager service even before the visitors' true identity is fully revealed. This act of hospitality serves as a crucial prelude to the divine revelation that follows, particularly concerning the promise of a son to Sarah and the judgment upon Sodom and Gomorrah.
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** In the ancient Near East, particularly in desert or semi-arid regions, hospitality was not merely a social custom but a moral imperative and a matter of survival. Travel was dangerous and exhausting due to harsh environmental conditions, lack of established inns, and the threat of bandits. Travelers relied heavily on the generosity of strangers for food, water, and shelter. To refuse hospitality was a grave offense, and to offer it was a sacred duty. Foot washing was a primary and essential act of welcome, as travelers wore open sandals on dusty, unpaved roads, accumulating dirt and fatigue. This task was typically performed by servants, making Abraham's personal initiative in offering it a profound demonstration of humility and respect, especially for a patriarch of his wealth and standing. Providing shade, like "under the tree," was also critical in a region where midday temperatures could be extreme, offering vital respite from the sun.
* **Key Themes:** [Genesis 18:4](/genesis/18-4 "Abraham's Hospitality") contributes significantly to several key themes within the book of Genesis and the broader biblical narrative. The most prominent theme is **hospitality**, which Abraham exemplifies as a model of welcoming and serving strangers, a virtue consistently upheld throughout Scripture. This act of welcoming strangers also sets the stage for **divine visitation and revelation**, as these seemingly ordinary travelers are later revealed to be the Lord and two angels ([Genesis 18:1-2](/genesis/18-1-2 "The Lord Appears to Abraham")). Abraham's **faith and obedience** are subtly highlighted here; his immediate and selfless response demonstrates a heart attuned to God's ways, preparing him to receive further divine communication. Furthermore, the scene underscores the theme of **divine grace and provision**, as God, through His messengers, comes to Abraham in a personal and intimate way, confirming His covenant promises and revealing His plans, much like He had done in previous encounters with Abraham, such as the initial call in [Genesis 12:1-3](/genesis/12-1-3 "The Call of Abram").

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
[Genesis 18:4](/genesis/18-4 "Abraham's Hospitality to the Three Visitors") vividly portrays Abraham's exemplary hospitality, a virtue highly esteemed in ancient Near Eastern culture, especially given the harsh desert environment and the dangers of travel. His actions demonstrate both practical care and deep respect for his guests.

#### Key Word Analysis
* **fetched (Hebrew, _lâqach'_):** This primitive root means "to take (in the widest variety of applications); accept, bring, buy, carry away, drawn, fetch, get." In this context, Abraham's use of "fetched" for the water signifies his immediate and active initiative. It's not a passive request but an instruction for a servant to "bring" or "take" the water, highlighting Abraham's direct involvement in orchestrating the comfort of his guests. This word underscores the promptness and intentionality of his hospitality, ensuring the necessary provisions are brought forth without delay.
* **water (Hebrew, _mayim'_):** This dual noun, though used in a singular sense, refers to "water." In the arid climate of the ancient Near East, water was a precious commodity, essential for life and particularly for refreshment after travel. The offer of water for foot washing was the most basic and vital act of hospitality, signaling welcome, cleansing, and restoration. Figuratively, "water" in Scripture often symbolizes life, purity, and spiritual refreshment, adding a layer of depth to this seemingly simple offer.
* **rest yourselves (Hebrew, _shâʻan'_):** This primitive root means "to support one's self; lean, lie, rely, rest (on, self), stay." Abraham's invitation to "rest yourselves" under the tree goes beyond mere physical repose; it implies an offer of security, comfort, and a temporary cessation from the rigors of their journey. It suggests a complete surrender to the host's care, allowing the travelers to recover their strength and find peace. This word emphasizes the holistic nature of Abraham's hospitality, addressing not just physical needs but also providing a sense of sanctuary.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"Let a little water, I pray you, be fetched,"**: Abraham's opening phrase is both humble and urgent. The inclusion of "I pray you" (or "please") indicates a deferential request rather than a command, even from a wealthy and respected patriarch. This politeness underscores his servant heart and eagerness to minister to his guests. The request for "a little water" is a modest proposal, designed not to impose but to offer essential relief. The passive "be fetched" implies that Abraham will ensure the provision, likely through his servants, demonstrating his commitment to their comfort.
* **"and wash your feet,"**: This clause highlights the primary act of hospitality and a practical necessity for weary travelers in a dusty, arid land where people wore open sandals. Foot washing was not merely a courtesy but a crucial provision for comfort, hygiene, and refreshment. It symbolized a transition from the rigors of the journey to a state of rest and welcome within the host's dwelling, often preceding any meal or extended conversation.
* **"and rest yourselves under the tree:"**: Offering shade was vital in the intense heat of the Middle Eastern day. The "tree" (likely the oaks of Mamre mentioned in [Genesis 18:1](/genesis/18-1 "Abraham's encounter with the Lord at Mamre")) provided immediate respite from the sun, allowing the travelers to recover their strength before engaging further. This provision demonstrates Abraham's foresight and comprehensive care for his guests' immediate physical needs, ensuring their comfort and well-being.

#### Literary Devices
The narrative of [Genesis 18:4](/genesis/18-4 "Abraham's Hospitality") effectively employs **Symbolism** and **Motif**. The act of offering "water" for foot washing is deeply symbolic; it represents cleansing, refreshment, and the removal of the burdens of the journey, preparing the guests for a sacred encounter. The "tree" under which they are invited to rest symbolizes shelter, peace, and divine presence, recalling the sacred trees or groves often associated with God's appearances in the Old Testament. Furthermore, **hospitality** functions as a recurring **motif** throughout the biblical narrative, particularly in Genesis. Here, it is not merely a social custom but a spiritual disposition that enables divine interaction. Abraham's actions serve as an archetype for righteous conduct, demonstrating how human kindness can open doors for God's revelation and blessing, subtly foreshadowing the profound disclosures that are about to occur.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Abraham's actions in [Genesis 18:4](/genesis/18-4 "Abraham's Hospitality") serve as a profound theological statement on the nature of hospitality and its connection to divine encounters. His immediate, humble, and generous response reflects a heart that is open to strangers, embodying a virtue that God Himself values and calls His people to practice. This narrative suggests that acts of kindness and service, even to those whose identity is unknown, can become conduits for God's presence and revelation. Abraham's willingness to go above and beyond the expected norms of hospitality, personally overseeing the comfort of his guests, creates an environment where the divine can manifest and communicate its purposes. This incident underscores that genuine hospitality is not just about physical provision but about extending grace, respect, and a welcoming spirit that mirrors God's own character of welcoming and providing for humanity.

* [Romans 12:13](/romans/12-13 "Distributing to the necessity of saints; given to hospitality.")
* [Hebrews 13:2](/hebrews/13-2 "Be not forgetful to entertain strangers: for thereby some have entertained angels unawares.")
* [Matthew 25:35](/matthew/25-35 "For I was an hungred, and ye gave me meat: I was thirsty, and ye gave me drink: I was a stranger, and ye took me in:")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
[Genesis 18:4](/genesis/18-4 "Abraham's Hospitality to the Three Visitors") offers timeless lessons on the virtue of hospitality and selfless service, challenging believers to cultivate a heart that is quick to welcome and serve others. Abraham's example encourages us to extend genuine care to those around us, regardless of their status, background, or whether they are known to us. In a world often characterized by suspicion and self-interest, Abraham's immediate and comprehensive provision for his guests stands as a powerful counter-narrative, reminding us that acts of kindness, even seemingly small ones like offering water and rest, can have profound spiritual implications. This passage calls us to consider how we might practically and generously meet the needs of others, recognizing that such acts not only reflect a heart aligned with God's loving and generous character but can also open doors to unexpected blessings and divine encounters, just as they did for Abraham.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **How does Abraham's immediate and humble response challenge my own approach to welcoming and serving others, especially strangers?**
* **What practical steps can I take to cultivate a more hospitable spirit in my daily life, both within my home and in my community?**
* **In what ways might my acts of kindness, however small, be preparing the way for God to work in unexpected ways, either in my life or in the lives of those I serve?**

### FAQ
**Why was foot washing such a significant act of hospitality in ancient times?**

Answer: Travel in ancient times was primarily by foot on dusty, unpaved roads, making travelers' feet extremely dirty, weary, and often sore. Offering water for foot washing was not just a courtesy but a practical necessity for comfort, hygiene, and immediate relief from the rigors of the journey. It was a primary and essential act of welcome, signifying that the host genuinely cared for the guest's well-being and desired to provide rest and refreshment. This act often preceded any meal or extended conversation, marking a crucial transition from the outside world to the host's sanctuary.

**Does Abraham's immediate hospitality imply we should always host strangers without question or caution today?**

Answer: While Abraham's story profoundly highlights the virtue of open-hearted hospitality, it operates within a specific cultural context and divine plan. The overarching biblical principle is to be generous and welcoming to those in need, reflecting God's love and character. However, the Bible also encourages wisdom and discernment in all interactions ([Proverbs 14:15](/proverbs/14-15 "The simple believeth every word: but the prudent man looketh well to his going.")). The spirit of the command is to be quick to serve and provide for others, trusting that God can use such acts, even if the full identity or intentions of the recipient are not immediately known. It calls for a balance between open-hearted generosity and practical wisdom.

**How does Abraham's hospitality in this verse relate to the New Testament concept of "entertaining angels unawares"?**

Answer: The author of [Hebrews 13:2](/hebrews/13-2 "Be not forgetful to entertain strangers: for thereby some have entertained angels unawares.") directly references Abraham's encounter with the three visitors as a prime example of "entertaining angels unawares." This connection suggests that acts of kindness and hospitality extended to strangers can sometimes be directed towards divine messengers or even Christ Himself, though unknowingly. It serves as a powerful encouragement for believers to extend grace and welcome to all, reminding them that one never knows the spiritual significance or divine appointment that might accompany such an encounter. It elevates hospitality from a mere social custom to a potentially sacred act.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Abraham's humble act of hospitality in [Genesis 18:4](/genesis/18-4 "Abraham's Hospitality to the Three Visitors") finds its ultimate and most profound fulfillment in the person and work of Jesus Christ. While Abraham offered "a little water" and a place to "rest yourselves" under a tree to weary travelers, Jesus offers the living water that truly quenches spiritual thirst, as He proclaimed to the Samaritan woman at the well ([John 4:10](/john/4-10 "Jesus offers living water")). He is the one who provides ultimate rest for the weary and heavy-laden souls, inviting all to "Come unto me, all ye that labour and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest" ([Matthew 11:28](/matthew/11-28 "Come unto me, all ye that labour and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest.")). Christ Himself embodies divine hospitality, not merely as a gracious host but as the Servant who washes the feet of His disciples, setting an example of humble service ([John 13:5](/john/13-5 "Jesus washes the disciples' feet")). He serves not only His friends but even His enemies, ultimately offering His very life as the supreme act of hospitality, inviting all humanity into fellowship with God through His sacrifice, and providing eternal welcome into His Kingdom. In Jesus, the temporary shade of Abraham's tree becomes the eternal shelter of God's presence, and the refreshing water becomes the boundless grace of salvation.

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Genesis 19:2

And he said, Behold now, my lords, turn in, I pray you, into your servant's house, and tarry all night, and wash your feet, and ye shall rise up early, and go on your ways. And they said, Nay; but we will abide in the street all night.

Genesis 43:24

And the man brought the men into Joseph's house, and gave [them] water, and they washed their feet; and he gave their asses provender.

Genesis 24:32

And the man came into the house: and he ungirded his camels, and gave straw and provender for the camels, and water to wash his feet, and the men's feet that [were] with him.

Luke 7:44

And he turned to the woman, and said unto Simon, Seest thou this woman? I entered into thine house, thou gavest me no water for my feet: but she hath washed my feet with tears, and wiped [them] with the hairs of her head.

1 Samuel 25:41

And she arose, and bowed herself on [her] face to the earth, and said, Behold, [let] thine handmaid [be] a servant to wash the feet of the servants of my lord.

1 Timothy 5:10

Well reported of for good works; if she have brought up children, if she have lodged strangers, if she have washed the saints' feet, if she have relieved the afflicted, if she have diligently followed every good work.

John 13:5

After that he poureth water into a bason, and began to wash the disciples' feet, and to wipe [them] with the towel wherewith he was girded.