Ezekiel 40:19

KJV

Then he measured the breadth from the forefront of the lower gate unto the forefront of the inner court without, an hundred cubits eastward and northward.

KJV (with Strong's)

Then he measured {H4058} the breadth {H7341} from the forefront {H6440} of the lower {H8481} gate {H8179} unto the forefront {H6440} of the inner {H6442} court {H2691} without {H2351}, an hundred {H3967} cubits {H520} eastward {H6921} and northward {H6828}.

Complete Jewish Bible

He measured at 175 feet the distance from inside this lower gate that faced east to the outside of the inner courtyard, and he did the same for the gate that faced north.

Berean Standard Bible

Then he measured the distance from the front of the lower gateway to the outside of the inner court; it was a hundred cubits on the east side as well as on the north.

American Standard Version

Then he measured the breadth from the forefront of the lower gate unto the forefront of the inner court without, a hundred cubits, both on the east and on the north.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Ezekiel 40:19 is a precise architectural detail within Ezekiel's grand vision of a new temple, received during the Babylonian exile. This verse meticulously records a specific measurement: the breadth from the outer edge of the lower (outer) gate to the outer edge of the inner court, stated as one hundred cubits, applicable to both the eastern and northern sides of the complex. This minute detail underscores the divine precision and order inherent in God's restorative plans, offering a tangible blueprint of hope and the promise of His glorious return to dwell among His people.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** Ezekiel 40:19 is embedded within the lengthy and highly detailed temple vision that spans [Ezekiel chapters 40-48](/ezekiel/40 "Ezekiel 40 - The Temple Vision Begins"). This vision begins with Ezekiel being transported by a divine hand to a very high mountain in the land of Israel, where he encounters a man with a measuring reed and a line of flax ([Ezekiel 40:1-3](/ezekiel/40-1 "Ezekiel 40:1-3 - Ezekiel's Vision of the New Temple")). The subsequent chapters are a meticulous architectural tour, with the man systematically measuring every part of the visionary temple complex—its walls, gates, courts, chambers, and holy places. Verse 19 specifically details a measurement within the outer court, establishing the precise distance between the outer gate and the inner court, an essential component for understanding the overall layout and the progression towards the sanctuary. The sheer volume of architectural detail emphasizes the divine origin and the reality of this prophetic blueprint, setting the stage for the return of God's glory in [Ezekiel 43](/ezekiel/43 "Ezekiel 43 - The Glory of the Lord Returns").

* **Historical & Cultural Context:** The vision of Ezekiel 40-48 was given to the prophet during the Babylonian exile, a period of profound national and spiritual crisis for the Jewish people. Jerusalem had been destroyed, Solomon's Temple lay in ruins, and the people were far from their homeland, questioning God's faithfulness and their future. In this context, the detailed vision of a new, magnificent temple served as a powerful message of hope and restoration. Temples in the ancient Near East were considered the dwelling places of deities, and their destruction signified the defeat or departure of the god. For Israel, the destruction of the Temple was a theological catastrophe. Ezekiel's vision, therefore, directly addressed this despair by promising a future where God's presence would return to a perfectly ordered and holy sanctuary. The meticulous measurements, including the "hundred cubits" in this verse, were not just architectural but also culturally significant, assuring the exiles that God's plans were concrete and would be fulfilled with divine precision, unlike the human failures that led to their current predicament.

* **Key Themes:** This verse, along with the entire temple vision, contributes significantly to several key themes in Ezekiel and the broader biblical narrative. Firstly, it highlights **Divine Precision and Order**. The exhaustive detail of every measurement, like the "hundred cubits" here, underscores God's meticulous nature and His desire for perfect order in worship and in His dwelling place. This contrasts sharply with the chaos and disorder that led to Israel's exile. Secondly, it powerfully conveys the **Promise of Restoration**. For a people in despair, the vision of a rebuilt, glorious temple was a profound assurance of God's unwavering faithfulness and His commitment to restore Israel, not merely physically but spiritually, re-establishing a covenant relationship. This theme is central to Ezekiel's prophetic message, as seen in the vision of the dry bones in [Ezekiel 37](/ezekiel/37 "Ezekiel 37 - The Valley of Dry Bones"). Thirdly, the vision points to **God's Imminent Presence**. The ultimate purpose of any temple is to be a place where God's glory dwells among His people. The climax of this vision is the return of the glory of the Lord, which had departed in [Ezekiel 10](/ezekiel/10 "Ezekiel 10 - The Glory Departs"), now filling the new temple in [Ezekiel 43:4](/ezekiel/43-4 "Ezekiel 43:4 - The Glory of the Lord Fills the Temple"), signifying that God would once again establish His dwelling place among His redeemed people, bringing holiness and life.

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS

#### Key Word Analysis
* **measured (Hebrew, _mâdad'_):** From a primitive root meaning "to stretch," this word describes the precise act of taking dimensions, as if by stretching a measuring line. In the context of Ezekiel's vision, it emphasizes the exactness and divine authority behind every specification. The repeated use of this verb throughout chapters 40-42 underscores the meticulous, intentional, and non-negotiable nature of God's architectural blueprint for His future dwelling.
* **forefront (Hebrew, _pânîym'_):** Literally meaning "face" or "presence," this term, when used spatially, refers to the leading edge or front part of something. Its application here ("forefront of the lower gate" and "forefront of the inner court") signifies a specific, unambiguous starting and ending point for the measurement. This precision highlights the divine architect's meticulousness and the exactitude required in the temple's design, leaving no room for ambiguity or human estimation.
* **court (Hebrew, _châtsêr'_):** This word denotes an enclosed yard or open space, often surrounded by walls. In the temple context, it refers to the various courtyards that formed distinct areas within the sacred complex. The distinction between the "lower gate" (leading to the outer court) and the "inner court" emphasizes the progressive levels of holiness and access within the visionary structure, with each space having divinely ordained dimensions and boundaries.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"Then he measured the breadth":** This clause introduces the action, indicating that the divine guide (the man with the measuring reed, described in [Ezekiel 40:3](/ezekiel/40-3 "Ezekiel 40:3 - The Man with the Measuring Reed")) is taking a specific dimension—the width or extent of a particular area. The "breadth" (Hebrew _rôchab_) signifies a horizontal measurement, distinct from length or height.
* **"from the forefront of the lower gate":** This specifies the precise starting point for the measurement. The "lower gate" refers to one of the outer gates of the temple complex, likely indicating the outermost boundary from which this particular breadth is being determined. The use of "forefront" emphasizes the exact leading edge of this structure.
* **"unto the forefront of the inner court without":** This defines the precise ending point of the measurement. The "inner court" is a more sacred area within the temple complex, closer to the sanctuary. The addition of "without" (Hebrew _chûwts_) clarifies that the measurement extends to the *outer* edge or face of the inner court, not into its interior, maintaining the distinction between the outer and inner sacred spaces.
* **"an hundred cubits eastward and northward":** This provides the exact distance of the breadth (100 cubits) and specifies the directions in which this measurement applies. This indicates that the layout of the outer court, specifically the distance from the outer gate to the inner court, was consistent on both the eastern and northern sides, implying a symmetrical and divinely ordered design for the entire complex.

#### Literary Devices
The primary literary device at play in Ezekiel 40:19, and indeed throughout the entire temple vision, is **Precision**. The meticulous detailing of measurements, down to the cubit and the specific points of "forefront," serves to underscore the divine origin and absolute reality of the vision. This extreme precision lends an air of authenticity and divine authority to the blueprint, assuring the exiles that God's promises are not vague hopes but concrete plans. Furthermore, the repeated numerical values and specific dimensions can be seen as a form of **Symbolism**. While the primary purpose is architectural, numbers in biblical contexts often carry symbolic weight. The "hundred cubits" (10 x 10) could subtly suggest completeness, divine order, or a perfect measure, reinforcing the idea of a divinely ordained and flawless structure. The entire vision also functions as **Prophetic Architecture**, where the detailed description of a physical structure serves as a tangible representation of future spiritual realities—God's renewed presence, Israel's restoration, and the establishment of a perfect worship system.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Ezekiel 40:19, with its emphasis on precise measurement within the visionary temple, powerfully communicates God's nature as a God of order, intentionality, and ultimate restoration. This divine blueprint for a future sanctuary speaks volumes about God's faithfulness to His covenant promises, even in the midst of national desolation. It reveals that God's redemptive plans are not haphazard but meticulously designed, ensuring the re-establishment of a holy space where His glory can dwell among His people once more. The detailed dimensions underscore the sacredness of the space and the structured approach to worship that God desires, pointing to a future era of perfect communion and divine presence.

* [Exodus 25:9](/exodus/25-9 "Exodus 25:9 - The Pattern for the Tabernacle") - God provides equally detailed instructions for the construction of the Tabernacle, emphasizing divine precision in sacred architecture.
* [1 Kings 6:1-38](/1_kings/6 "1 Kings 6 - Solomon Builds the Temple") - The construction of Solomon's Temple also follows specific, divinely inspired measurements, reflecting God's desire for order in His dwelling place.
* [Revelation 21:15-17](/revelation/21-15 "Revelation 21:15-17 - Measuring the New Jerusalem") - The New Jerusalem, the ultimate dwelling place of God with humanity, is also described with precise, symbolic measurements, highlighting its divine origin and perfection.

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Ezekiel 40:19, though a seemingly mundane architectural detail, holds profound spiritual implications for believers today. It reminds us that God is a God of meticulous detail and sovereign plan. Even when life feels like exile, broken, or chaotic, God has a perfect blueprint for restoration and a future where His presence is central and accessible. This verse challenges us to consider the "measurements" of our own spiritual lives: Are we living with intentionality and precision in our walk with God? Do we recognize the sacred spaces God has ordained for us, whether in personal devotion or corporate worship? Just as the temple's dimensions defined boundaries and pathways to holiness, our lives are called to reflect God's order and purpose. We are to be living temples, meticulously fashioned by God's Spirit, reflecting His glory and inviting His presence into every "court" of our being.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **How does the meticulous detail in Ezekiel's vision, particularly the precise measurements, challenge or affirm your understanding of God's character?**
* **In what areas of your life do you sense God calling for greater "precision" or intentionality, aligning with His divine blueprint?**
* **How does the concept of moving from an "outer gate" to an "inner court" relate to your personal journey of drawing closer to God?**
* **Considering that believers are now the temple of the Holy Spirit, what "measurements" of holiness and order should characterize your life?**

### FAQ

**What is a "cubit" and why is it important in this context?**

Answer: A cubit (Hebrew _ʼammâh_) was an ancient unit of linear measurement, typically based on the length of a forearm from the elbow to the tip of the middle finger. While its exact length varied slightly by culture and period, it was generally around 18-21 inches (approximately 45-53 centimeters). In Ezekiel's vision, it's specified as a "long cubit," which was a common cubit plus a handbreadth ([Ezekiel 40:5](/ezekiel/40-5 "Ezekiel 40:5 - The Long Cubit")). The importance of the cubit in this context lies in its role as the standard unit for the entire temple blueprint. The precise use of this measurement, down to "an hundred cubits," emphasizes the absolute exactness and divine authority of the architectural plans, leaving no room for human estimation or error. It underscores God's meticulousness and the reality of the visionary temple.

**What is the significance of the "lower gate" and the "inner court without"?**

Answer: The "lower gate" (Hebrew _shaʻar tachtôwn_) refers to one of the outer gates of the temple complex, likely leading into the outer court. It represents the initial entry point for those approaching the sanctuary. The "inner court without" (Hebrew _châtsêr pᵉnîymîy chûwts_) refers to the outer edge or boundary of the inner court. This distinction is crucial for understanding the hierarchical holiness of the temple layout. As one moved from the outer court, through the inner court, and eventually to the sanctuary and Most Holy Place, the level of sacredness increased. The measurement in [Ezekiel 40:19](/ezekiel/40-19 "Ezekiel 40:19 - Measurement of the Outer Court") precisely defines the breadth of the outer court, establishing the spatial relationship between these distinct sacred zones and highlighting the ordered progression towards God's presence.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
While Ezekiel's temple vision describes a physical structure, its ultimate fulfillment is found not in bricks and mortar, but in the person and work of Jesus Christ. The detailed measurements and the promise of God's dwelling find their spiritual reality in Him. Jesus declared, "Destroy this temple, and in three days I will raise it up," speaking of the temple of His body ([John 2:19-21](/john/2-19 "John 2:19-21 - Jesus Speaks of His Body as the Temple")). Christ is the ultimate dwelling place of God, the one in whom "all the fullness of the Godhead dwells bodily" ([Colossians 2:9](/colossians/2-9 "Colossians 2:9 - The Fullness of God in Christ")). He is the true and perfect temple, through whom humanity gains access to God, not through physical gates or courts, but by His sacrifice on the cross. Furthermore, through Christ, believers are incorporated into a spiritual temple, becoming the "dwelling place for God by the Spirit" ([Ephesians 2:21-22](/ephesians/2-21 "Ephesians 2:21-22 - Believers as a Holy Temple")). The meticulous order and holiness foreshadowed in Ezekiel's measurements are perfectly realized in Christ, who perfectly fulfills God's righteous requirements and establishes a new, living way to the Father ([Hebrews 10:19-20](/hebrews/10-19 "Hebrews 10:19-20 - Access Through Christ's Blood")). Ultimately, the vision culminates in the New Jerusalem, where there is no physical temple because "the Lord God Almighty and the Lamb are its temple" ([Revelation 21:22](/revelation/21-22 "Revelation 21:22 - No Temple in New Jerusalem")), signifying the complete and unmediated presence of God with His redeemed people through Christ for all eternity.

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Ezekiel 40:23

And the gate of the inner court [was] over against the gate toward the north, and toward the east; and he measured from gate to gate an hundred cubits.

Ezekiel 40:27

¶ And [there was] a gate in the inner court toward the south: and he measured from gate to gate toward the south an hundred cubits.

Ezekiel 46:1

¶ Thus saith the Lord GOD; The gate of the inner court that looketh toward the east shall be shut the six working days; but on the sabbath it shall be opened, and in the day of the new moon it shall be opened.

Ezekiel 46:2

And the prince shall enter by the way of the porch of [that] gate without, and shall stand by the post of the gate, and the priests shall prepare his burnt offering and his peace offerings, and he shall worship at the threshold of the gate: then he shall go forth; but the gate shall not be shut until the evening.