Ezekiel 40:5

KJV

¶ And behold a wall on the outside of the house round about, and in the man's hand a measuring reed of six cubits [long] by the cubit and an hand breadth: so he measured the breadth of the building, one reed; and the height, one reed.

KJV (with Strong's)

And behold a wall {H2346} on the outside {H2351} of the house {H1004} round about {H5439}, and in the man's {H376} hand {H3027} a measuring {H4060} reed {H7070} of six {H8337} cubits {H520} long by the cubit {H520} and an hand breadth {H2948}: so he measured {H4058} the breadth {H7341} of the building {H1146}, one {H259} reed {H7070}; and the height {H6967}, one {H259} reed {H7070}.

Complete Jewish Bible

There was a wall surrounding the house. The man had in his hand a measuring rod six cubits long [ten-and-a-half feet], each cubit [twenty-one inches] being a normal cubit [eighteen inches] plus a handbreadth [three inches]. He measured the wall's width at ten-and-a-half feet and its height ten-and-a-half feet.

Berean Standard Bible

And I saw a wall surrounding the temple area. Now the length of the measuring rod in the man’s hand was six long cubits (each measuring a cubit and a handbreadth), and he measured the wall to be one rod thick and one rod high.

American Standard Version

And, behold, a wall on the outside of the house round about, and in the man’s hand a measuring reed six cubits long, of a cubit and a handbreadth each: so he measured the thickness of the building, one reed; and the height, one reed.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Ezekiel 40:5 initiates the prophet's awe-inspiring vision of a new temple, immediately unveiling the foundational architectural element of an outer protective wall and introducing the precise divine instrument used for its meticulous measurement. This verse serves as the meticulous opening of an extensive, divinely guided survey, underscoring God's absolute precision in design and the sacred boundaries of His future dwelling place, thereby providing a foundational glimpse into the divine order and profound holiness that will define this visionary temple complex.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** Ezekiel 40 marks a pivotal transition within the book of Ezekiel, shifting dramatically from prophecies of judgment against Judah and surrounding nations (chapters 1-39) to an elaborate and hope-filled vision of restoration, centered on a new temple and the re-establishment of God's presence among His people. This chapter inaugurates the final major section of the book (chapters 40-48), often referred to as the "Temple Vision" or "New Jerusalem Vision," which details an eschatological sanctuary, its worship, and the re-division of the land. The vision commences in [Ezekiel 40:1](/ezekiel/40-1 "Ezekiel 40:1 - The Start of the Temple Vision"), situating the prophet on a "very high mountain" in Israel, where he encounters a mysterious "man" with the appearance of bronze, who serves as his divine guide and measurer. Verse 5 immediately immerses the reader into the architectural specifics, beginning with the outermost boundary—a protective wall—and the precise tools and methods by which the entire complex will be meticulously surveyed, signaling the divine origin, absolute order, and inherent holiness of this future sanctuary.
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** The vision recorded in Ezekiel 40 occurred in the 25th year of Ezekiel's exile, approximately 573 BC, a significant period following the devastating destruction of Solomon's Temple by the Babylonians in 586 BC. For the exiled Israelites, the temple's destruction was not merely a physical loss but a profound theological and national catastrophe, symbolizing the apparent departure of God's glory ([Ezekiel 10:18](/ezekiel/10-18 "Ezekiel 10:18 - The Departure of God's Glory")) and the breaking of the covenant. In this context of despair and displacement, a detailed vision of a new, perfectly measured temple offered immense hope and reassurance. It affirmed God's enduring faithfulness, His unwavering intention to restore His dwelling among His people, and the promise of a future marked by His tangible presence and meticulous order. The use of a "measuring reed" and specific "cubits" reflects the common architectural practices of the ancient Near East, where precise measurements were crucial for monumental buildings, especially those with sacred significance. The mention of "a cubit and an hand breadth" specifically points to the "long cubit" or "sacred cubit," which was slightly longer than the common cubit (approximately 21 inches versus 18 inches), indicating a divine standard of measurement distinct from ordinary human measures and further emphasizing the sacredness and divine origin of the temple's blueprint.
* **Key Themes:** Ezekiel 40:5 profoundly contributes to several overarching themes within Ezekiel's temple vision and the broader book. Firstly, it immediately establishes the theme of **Divine Precision and Order**. By introducing exact measurements and a specialized measuring tool, the verse highlights that God's plans are not vague or arbitrary but meticulously designed and executed. This precision speaks to God's absolute sovereignty over every detail of restoration, from the grand design to the smallest dimension, contrasting sharply with the chaos and destruction that preceded it. Secondly, the presence of "a wall on the outside of the house round about" introduces the crucial theme of **Holiness and Separation**. This wall functions as a sacred boundary, demarcating the holy from the common, emphasizing the purity and reverence required for God's dwelling and for those who would approach Him. This concept of separation is vital throughout the temple vision, as seen in the various courts and their access restrictions, echoing earlier commands for holiness found in [Leviticus 11:44](/leviticus/11-44 "Leviticus 11:44 - Be Holy, For I Am Holy"). Finally, this initial detail of the temple blueprint provides a tangible manifestation of **Future Hope and Restoration**. For a people in exile, mourning the loss of their temple and land, this vision was a powerful divine assurance that God would indeed dwell among them again, signifying a future of spiritual and national renewal, ultimately pointing to God's enduring covenant and presence with His people, as promised in passages like [Ezekiel 37:26-27](/ezekiel/37-26-27 "Ezekiel 37:26-27 - God's Covenant of Peace and Dwelling").

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS

#### Key Word Analysis
* **wall (Hebrew, _chôwmâh'_):** This term, derived from a root meaning "to join," refers specifically to a protective barrier or "wall of protection." In Ezekiel 40:5, it denotes the outermost boundary of the visionary temple complex. Its presence immediately establishes a sense of security, demarcation, and the inherent holiness of the area it encloses, serving to separate the sacred space from the profane.
* **man (Hebrew, _ʼîysh'_):** This word signifies an individual or male person. In the context of Ezekiel 40, the "man" is the prophet's divine guide, described with "the appearance of bronze" ([Ezekiel 40:3](/ezekiel/40-3 "Ezekiel 40:3 - The Man with the Measuring Reed")). He is an angelic or possibly pre-incarnate divine being who possesses the authority and knowledge to conduct the detailed measurements of the temple and to instruct Ezekiel. His presence underscores the divine origin and authoritative nature of the vision.
* **hand breadth (Hebrew, _ṭôphach'_):** Derived from a root meaning "to spread," this term refers to a palm-breadth, a common unit of measurement in ancient times. In this verse, it is combined with "cubit" to form the "long cubit" or "sacred cubit" (approximately 21 inches), indicating a precise and divinely ordained standard of measurement distinct from the common cubit. This detail emphasizes the meticulous and sacred precision of the temple's construction, highlighting God's exactitude.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"And behold a wall on the outside of the house round about":** The vision immediately arrests Ezekiel's attention, directing it to a prominent feature: a substantial wall encircling the entire temple complex. This wall is explicitly positioned "on the outside of the house," signifying its function as an enclosing boundary that defines and separates the sacred space from the common or profane world beyond. Its description as "round about" suggests a complete and comprehensive enclosure, emphasizing the thoroughness of the demarcation.
* **"and in the man's hand a measuring reed of six cubits [long] by the cubit and an hand breadth":** The focus shifts to the divine guide and the instrument he carries. He holds a "measuring reed," a specialized tool for architectural surveys, indicating a methodical and precise approach. The length of this reed is specified as "six cubits long," but with a crucial clarification: "by the cubit and an hand breadth." This precise phrasing indicates the use of the "long cubit" or "sacred cubit," which was one handbreadth longer than the common cubit. This detail underscores the extraordinary precision and the divine, elevated standard applied to the temple's dimensions, setting it apart from ordinary human construction.
* **"so he measured the breadth of the building, one reed; and the height, one reed":** Immediately upon presenting the measuring instrument, the divine guide puts it into action. He measures the breadth (width) of this outer wall, finding its dimension to be exactly "one reed" (i.e., six long cubits). Similarly, he measures its height, which is also precisely "one reed." This establishes the initial dimensions of the protective boundary, highlighting the uniformity, exactitude, and comprehensive nature of the divine blueprint from the very outset of the temple vision.

#### Literary Devices
Ezekiel 40:5 is rich in **Symbolism**. The "wall" itself powerfully symbolizes separation, protection, and holiness, serving to demarcate the sacred from the profane and signifying God's presence within a set, inviolable boundary. The "measuring reed" is a potent symbol of divine authority, precision, and the meticulous nature of God's plans; it represents the exactitude with which God's future dwelling and the new order will be established. The specific measurements, particularly the "cubit and an hand breadth" (the long cubit), further symbolize a divine standard that transcends ordinary human measures, emphasizing the sacredness, perfection, and divine origin of the visionary temple. The entire passage is part of **Visionary Literature**, a genre common in prophetic books, where complex, often symbolic, scenes are revealed to the prophet to convey profound theological truths about God's future actions and kingdom. The detailed and repetitive nature of the measurements throughout chapters 40-42 employs **Repetition** and **Enumeration** to impress upon the reader the absolute precision and divine order of the temple, reinforcing the overarching theme of God's meticulous design and sovereign control.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Ezekiel 40:5, with its immediate emphasis on precise measurement and a foundational wall, profoundly communicates God's character as a God of order, precision, and holiness. The meticulous detail of the measurements speaks to the divine architect's absolute control and intentionality in establishing His dwelling place, reflecting a God who is not vague or arbitrary but purposeful in every aspect of His redemptive plan. The outer wall signifies the essential principle of separation between the holy and the common, underscoring that access to God's presence is governed by His standards of purity and demarcation. This vision, therefore, serves as a powerful theological statement about God's faithfulness to dwell among His people, but always on His terms, with an emphasis on the sacred boundaries necessary for true communion and the preservation of His glory.

* [Revelation 21:15-17](/revelation/21-15-17 "Revelation 21:15-17 - Measurements of the New Jerusalem")
* [Hebrews 8:5](/hebrews/8-5 "Hebrews 8:5 - Heavenly Pattern of the Tabernacle")
* [1 Peter 2:9](/1_peter/2-9 "1 Peter 2:9 - A Holy Nation and Royal Priesthood")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
The meticulous blueprint of the temple in Ezekiel 40:5 serves as a profound reminder that God is a God of intentionality and order. Just as He had a precise design for His dwelling place, He possesses a purposeful and detailed plan for our lives and for the unfolding of history. This divine precision should inspire deep trust in His sovereignty, even when our circumstances seem chaotic or unclear, knowing that He works all things according to the counsel of His will. The wall, as a symbol of separation and holiness, challenges believers to consider the spiritual boundaries they maintain in their own lives. Are we setting apart sacred spaces for God, both physically and spiritually? Are we discerning what is holy and what is common, striving for purity in our thoughts, actions, and relationships? This verse calls us to live distinctively, reflecting the holiness of God in a world that often blurs moral and spiritual lines and seeks to erase the distinction between the sacred and the profane. Furthermore, the reliability of the measurements underscores the absolute truth and faithfulness of God's Word and His promises. Every detail of His prophetic word, like the dimensions of this visionary temple, is exact and will ultimately come to pass, offering enduring hope and assurance in His unfailing character.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **How does the meticulous detail of the temple measurements in Ezekiel 40:5 deepen your understanding of God's character and His intentionality in your own life?**
* **In what areas of your life might you need to establish clearer "walls" or boundaries to honor God's call to holiness and separation from worldly influences?**
* **How does the precision of this ancient vision bolster your confidence in the reliability of God's promises for the future, both for the world and for your personal journey of faith?**

### FAQ

**What is the significance of the "measuring reed" and the specific "cubit and an hand breadth" in this vision?**

Answer: The "measuring reed" (Hebrew: _qaneh hammiddah_) is a powerful symbol of divine authority and absolute precision. It signifies that the temple is built according to God's exact standards, not human estimations or approximations. The phrase "cubit and an hand breadth" refers to what is often called the "long cubit" or "sacred cubit." While a common cubit in the ancient Near East was approximately 18 inches, the "long cubit" was typically about 21 inches (one handbreadth longer). This distinction suggests a divine, higher standard of measurement for sacred things, emphasizing the temple's unique holiness and the meticulousness of God's design. This concept of divine measurement for sacred structures is also seen in the detailed descriptions of the [New Jerusalem in Revelation 21:15-17](/revelation/21-15-17 "Revelation 21:15-17 - Measurements of the New Jerusalem"), where an angel also uses a measuring rod to delineate the city's perfect dimensions.

**Who is the "man" in Ezekiel 40:5, and what is his role in the vision?**

Answer: The "man" (Hebrew: _ʼîysh_) is a mysterious, divinely appointed figure who serves as Ezekiel's guide throughout the extensive temple vision spanning Ezekiel chapters 40-48. While his identity is not explicitly stated, he is clearly an angelic or divine being, possibly even a pre-incarnate appearance of Christ, given his authoritative role in revealing God's intricate plans. He is described with "the appearance of bronze" ([Ezekiel 40:3](/ezekiel/40-3 "Ezekiel 40:3 - The Man with the Measuring Reed")), signifying purity and strength. His primary function is to meticulously measure every aspect of the temple complex and to explain its various features, functions, and regulations to Ezekiel. He acts as an interpreter and a divine architect, ensuring that the prophet (and by extension, the exiled Israelites) fully comprehends the precise, holy, and awe-inspiring nature of God's future dwelling place. His presence underscores the divine origin and authoritative nature of the entire vision, as he is the one commissioned by God to reveal these sacred details.

**Why are the measurements in Ezekiel's temple vision so incredibly detailed and precise?**

Answer: The extreme precision and exhaustive detail in the measurements throughout Ezekiel's temple vision serve several crucial theological purposes. Firstly, they underscore God's absolute **sovereignty and meticulousness**. God's plans are not vague or arbitrary; they are perfectly designed, executed, and will come to pass exactly as revealed. This provides immense assurance and comfort to a people who had experienced profound chaos and destruction. Secondly, the precision emphasizes the **holiness and sacredness** of the temple. Every dimension is divinely ordained, setting it apart as a unique space where God's glorious presence would dwell. This contrasts sharply with human-made structures and highlights the divine standard required for approaching God. Thirdly, for the exiled Israelites, these concrete, measurable details offered **tangible hope and assurance** of a future restoration. It wasn't just a vague promise but a detailed blueprint of God's renewed covenant presence among them, fostering a vision of a restored future. Finally, the exactitude points to the **reliability and trustworthiness of God's word and promises**. Just as these measurements are exact and will be fulfilled, so too will God's prophetic word come to pass, providing an unshakeable foundation for faith and trust in His future redemptive acts.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
While Ezekiel's temple vision, including the meticulous details of Ezekiel 40:5, speaks of a literal future temple, its ultimate and profound Christ-centered fulfillment lies not solely in a physical edifice but preeminently in the person and redemptive work of Jesus Christ. Jesus Himself declared, "Destroy this temple, and in three days I will raise it up," explicitly referring to [the temple of His body](/john/2-19-21 "John 2:19-21 - Jesus Predicts His Resurrection and Refers to His Body as the Temple"). Christ is the true and ultimate dwelling place of God among humanity, the very embodiment of God's presence, the One in whom "all the fullness of God was pleased to dwell" ([Colossians 1:19](/colossians/1-19 "Colossians 1:19 - Christ's Fullness")). The "wall" of separation in Ezekiel's vision, demarcating the holy from the common and restricting access, finds its spiritual resolution in Christ. Through His sacrifice on the cross, He broke down the "dividing wall of hostility" between God and humanity, and between Jew and Gentile, creating [one new humanity](/ephesians/2-14-16 "Ephesians 2:14-16 - Christ Breaks Down the Wall of Hostility and Creates One New Man"). The meticulous measurements, symbolizing God's perfect order and holiness, are perfectly realized in Christ, who is the perfect High Priest, the perfect sacrifice, and the perfect fulfillment of all the requirements of the Law and the temple system. Furthermore, the New Testament reveals that believers are now collectively the "temple of the Holy Spirit" ([1 Corinthians 6:19](/1_corinthians/6-19 "1 Corinthians 6:19 - Believers as the Temple of the Holy Spirit")) and are being built together into a "holy temple in the Lord" ([Ephesians 2:21-22](/ephesians/2-21-22 "Ephesians 2:21-22 - Believers as a Holy Temple Built on Christ")). Ultimately, the vision of a perfectly measured city, the New Jerusalem, descending from heaven in [Revelation 21](/revelation/21 "Revelation 21 - The New Heaven and New Earth"), reveals that in the eternal state, there will be no need for a physical temple, "for the Lord God Almighty and the Lamb are its temple" ([Revelation 21:22](/revelation/21-22 "Revelation 21:22 - God and the Lamb are the Temple")). Thus, the precision, holiness, and divine presence foreshadowed in Ezekiel's temple vision find their ultimate and glorious fulfillment in the perfect person of Christ and His eternal reign.

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Ezekiel 42:20

He measured it by the four sides: it had a wall round about, five hundred [reeds] long, and five hundred broad, to make a separation between the sanctuary and the profane place.

Isaiah 26:1

¶ In that day shall this song be sung in the land of Judah; We have a strong city; salvation will [God] appoint [for] walls and bulwarks.

Revelation 21:12

And had a wall great and high, [and] had twelve gates, and at the gates twelve angels, and names written thereon, which are [the names] of the twelve tribes of the children of Israel:

Psalms 125:2

As the mountains [are] round about Jerusalem, so the LORD [is] round about his people from henceforth even for ever.

Zechariah 2:5

For I, saith the LORD, will be unto her a wall of fire round about, and will be the glory in the midst of her.

Isaiah 60:18

Violence shall no more be heard in thy land, wasting nor destruction within thy borders; but thou shalt call thy walls Salvation, and thy gates Praise.

Deuteronomy 3:11

For only Og king of Bashan remained of the remnant of giants; behold, his bedstead [was] a bedstead of iron; [is] it not in Rabbath of the children of Ammon? nine cubits [was] the length thereof, and four cubits the breadth of it, after the cubit of a man.