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circa AD 48–96
Letters to the Churches
Paul and other apostles write to strengthen, correct, and encourage the scattered churches across the Roman world.
- Romans 1:1c. AD 60
From: Sha’ul, a slave of the Messiah Yeshua, an emissary because I was called and set apart for the Good News of God.
- Romans 1:2c. AD 60
God promised this Good News in advance through his prophets in the Tanakh.
- Romans 1:3c. AD 60
It concerns his Son — he is descended from David physically;
- Romans 1:4c. AD 60
he was powerfully demonstrated to be Son of God spiritually, set apart by his having been resurrected from the dead; he is Yeshua the Messiah, our Lord.
- Romans 1:5c. AD 60
Through him we received grace and were given the work of being an emissary on his behalf promoting trust-grounded obedience among all the Gentiles,
- Romans 1:6c. AD 60
including you, who have been called by Yeshua the Messiah.
- Romans 1:7c. AD 60
To: All those in Rome whom God loves, who have been called, who have been set apart for him: Grace to you and shalom from God our Father and the Lord Yeshua the Messiah.
- Romans 1:8c. AD 60
First, I thank my God through Yeshua the Messiah for all of you, because the report of your trust is spreading throughout the whole world.
- Romans 1:9c. AD 60
For God, whom I serve in my spirit by spreading the Good News about his Son, is my witness that I regularly remember you
- Romans 1:10c. AD 60
in my prayers; and I always pray that somehow, now or in the future, I might, by God’s will, succeed in coming to visit you.
- Romans 1:11c. AD 60
For I long to see you, so that I might share with you some spiritual gift that can make you stronger —
- Romans 1:12c. AD 60
or, to put it another way, so that by my being with you, we might, through the faith we share, encourage one another.
- Romans 1:13c. AD 60
Brothers, I want you to know that although I have been prevented from visiting you until now, I have often planned to do so, in order that I might have some fruit among you, just as I have among the other Gentiles.
- Romans 1:14c. AD 60
I owe a debt to both civilized Greeks and uncivilized people, to both the educated and the ignorant;
- Romans 1:15c. AD 60
therefore I am eager to proclaim the Good News also to you who live in Rome.
- Romans 1:16c. AD 60
For I am not ashamed of the Good News, since it is God’s powerful means of bringing salvation to everyone who keeps on trusting, to the Jew especially, but equally to the Gentile.
- Romans 1:17c. AD 60
For in it is revealed how God makes people righteous in his sight; and from beginning to end it is through trust — as the Tanakh puts it, “But the person who is righteous will live his life by trust.”
- Romans 1:18c. AD 60
What is revealed is God’s anger from heaven against all the godlessness and wickedness of people who in their wickedness keep suppressing the truth;
- Romans 1:19c. AD 60
because what is known about God is plain to them, since God has made it plain to them.
- Romans 1:20c. AD 60
For ever since the creation of the universe his invisible qualities — both his eternal power and his divine nature — have been clearly seen, because they can be understood from what he has made. Therefore, they have no excuse;
- Romans 1:21c. AD 60
because, although they know who God is, they do not glorify him as God or thank him. On the contrary, they have become futile in their thinking; and their undiscerning hearts have become darkened.
- Romans 1:22c. AD 60
Claiming to be wise, they have become fools!
- Romans 1:23c. AD 60
In fact, they have exchanged the glory of the immortal God for mere images, like a mortal human being, or like birds, animals or reptiles!
- Romans 1:24c. AD 60
This is why God has given them up to the vileness of their hearts’ lusts, to the shameful misuse of each other’s bodies.
- Romans 1:25c. AD 60
They have exchanged the truth of God for falsehood, by worshipping and serving created things, rather than the Creator — praised be he for ever. Amen.