Genesis 6:2

KJV

That the sons of God saw the daughters of men that they [were] fair; and they took them wives of all which they chose.

KJV (with Strong's)

That the sons {H1121} of God {H430} saw {H7200} the daughters {H1323} of men {H120} that they {H2007} were fair {H2896}; and they took {H3947} them wives {H802} of all which they chose {H977}.

Complete Jewish Bible

the sons of God saw that the daughters of men were attractive; and they took wives for themselves, whomever they chose.

Berean Standard Bible

the sons of God saw that the daughters of men were beautiful, and they took as wives whomever they chose.

American Standard Version

that the sons of God saw the daughters of men that they were fair; and they took them wives of all that they chose.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Genesis 6:2 describes a pivotal and perplexing moment in the antediluvian narrative, detailing the illicit unions between the "sons of God" and the "daughters of men." This verse marks a profound escalation of moral corruption and lawlessness, as choices driven by carnal desire and a disregard for divine boundaries led to widespread wickedness, ultimately provoking God's deep sorrow and His decision to bring the judgment of the Flood upon the earth. It underscores the destructive consequences when humanity prioritizes superficial attraction over spiritual discernment and God's established order.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** Genesis 6:2 is situated within the immediate aftermath of the rapid proliferation of humanity on earth, as described in [Genesis 6:1](/genesis/6-1 "Genesis 6:1 - Mankind Multiplies"). This verse introduces a disturbing new dimension to the burgeoning population: the unholy alliances that further hasten humanity's moral decay. It serves as a direct precursor to the narrative of God's profound grief and regret over human wickedness ([Genesis 6:5-7](/genesis/6-5-7 "Genesis 6:5-7 - God's Grief and Decision to Flood")), setting the stage for the divine judgment of the Flood. The subsequent mention of the Nephilim in [Genesis 6:4](/genesis/6-4 "Genesis 6:4 - The Nephilim") further elaborates on the unnatural consequences of these unions, highlighting the extraordinary nature of the corruption that necessitated God's drastic intervention.

* **Historical & Cultural Context:** The pre-Flood world, as depicted in Genesis, is characterized by an escalating trajectory of sin, beginning with the Fall in [Genesis 3](/genesis/3 "Genesis 3 - The Fall") and continuing through Cain's murder of Abel in [Genesis 4](/genesis/4 "Genesis 4 - Cain and Abel"). By the time of Genesis 6, humanity has reached a critical point of moral depravity where "every inclination of the thoughts of the human heart was only evil all the time" ([Genesis 6:5](/genesis/6-5 "Genesis 6:5 - Human Wickedness")). While the precise identity of the "sons of God" remains debated (whether divine beings or the godly line of Seth), the cultural implication is that societal structures and moral boundaries had collapsed. Marriage, a foundational institution established by God, was being perverted by choices based purely on physical appeal ("fairness") rather than divine design or spiritual compatibility, reflecting a widespread rejection of God's authority and a descent into lawlessness.

* **Key Themes:** This verse contributes significantly to several overarching themes within Genesis and the broader biblical narrative. It highlights the **pervasiveness of sin** and its corrupting influence, demonstrating how individual choices, when multiplied, can lead to complete societal breakdown. It underscores the theme of **divine judgment** as a righteous response to profound human wickedness, foreshadowing later instances of God's intervention against sin. The narrative also touches on the **importance of separation** between the sacred and the profane, or the godly and the ungodly, a theme that re-emerges throughout Israel's history (e.g., warnings against intermarriage in [Deuteronomy 7:3-4](/deuteronomy/7-3-4 "Deuteronomy 7:3-4 - Warnings Against Intermarriage")). Furthermore, it implicitly raises the theme of **spiritual discernment** versus carnal desire, a recurring tension throughout Scripture, emphasizing the dangers of making life-altering decisions based solely on outward appearance.

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
#### Key Word Analysis
* **sons (Hebrew, _bên_ H1121):** This term broadly refers to offspring or descendants, but in conjunction with "God," it signifies a special relationship or lineage. While debated, in this context, it points to either a distinct group with a unique connection to the divine (e.g., angels, or the godly line of Seth) or those who are "builders" of a particular family or nation. The use here implies a group distinct from "daughters of men."
* **God (Hebrew, _ʼĕlôhîym_ H430):** This is the generic Hebrew term for God, often used for the supreme God. Its plural form can also denote "gods" or "mighty ones," including angels or even human magistrates. When paired with "sons," it suggests a divine or divinely-connected origin for the "sons of God," setting them apart from ordinary humanity.
* **daughters (Hebrew, _bath_ H1323):** As the feminine counterpart to "sons," this term refers to female offspring. Paired with "men," it specifically denotes human women, emphasizing their earthly origin and nature in contrast to the "sons of God."
* **men (Hebrew, _ʼâdâm_ H120):** This word refers to humanity in general, or individual human beings. In this context, it highlights the human, earthly nature of the "daughters," distinguishing them from the "sons of God."
* **fair (Hebrew, _ṭôwb_ H2896):** This adjective means "good" in the widest sense, encompassing beauty, pleasantness, and desirability. Here, it specifically denotes physical attractiveness. The implication is that the "sons of God" were motivated by superficial, carnal appeal rather than spiritual or moral considerations.
* **took (Hebrew, _lâqach_ H3947):** A primitive root meaning "to take" in a broad sense, including to seize, acquire, or marry. In this context, it describes the act of marriage or cohabitation. The phrase "took them wives of all which they chose" implies an unrestrained, self-willed action, lacking divine guidance or moral restraint.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"That the sons of God saw the daughters of men":** This clause introduces the two distinct groups involved in the illicit unions. The "sons of God" (whether divine beings or the godly lineage of Seth) are presented as actively observing the "daughters of men" (human women). The act of "seeing" is not merely passive observation but implies a discerning gaze, leading to a decision.
* **"that they were fair":** This phrase reveals the basis for the "sons of God's" attraction and subsequent actions. Their choice was driven by physical attractiveness or aesthetic appeal ("fairness" or "goodness" in appearance), rather than spiritual compatibility, moral uprightness, or divine command. This highlights a carnal motivation that disregards deeper, more significant factors.
* **"and they took them wives of all which they chose":** This final clause describes the decisive action taken by the "sons of God." The phrase "took them wives" signifies marriage or cohabitation, while "of all which they chose" emphasizes the unrestrained, indiscriminate, and self-willed nature of their actions. There was no apparent discernment, no moral filter, and no adherence to divine boundaries in their selection, contributing to the pervasive wickedness that would soon engulf the earth.

#### Literary Devices
The verse employs several significant literary devices. **Contrast** is immediately evident in the juxtaposition of "sons of God" and "daughters of men," highlighting a fundamental distinction between the two groups, whether divine/human or godly/ungodly lineages. This contrast underscores the problematic nature of their union. There is also a strong element of **Irony** in the "sons of God" (who, by their very designation, should embody a higher standard or divine connection) being drawn by mere physical "fairness," echoing the superficiality that led to the Fall in Eden. The phrase "of all which they chose" exemplifies **Hyperbole**, suggesting an indiscriminate and unrestrained taking, emphasizing the utter lawlessness and lack of moral boundaries that characterized this period. This verse also serves as **Foreshadowing**, setting the stage for the escalating corruption described in the subsequent verses of [Genesis 6](/genesis/6 "Genesis 6 - The Great Flood Narrative"), ultimately leading to God's profound grief and the catastrophic judgment of the Flood.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Genesis 6:2 stands as a stark testament to the accelerating moral decay of humanity in the antediluvian world, illustrating how the blurring of divinely ordained boundaries and the pursuit of carnal desires lead to profound corruption. Regardless of the precise identity of the "sons of God," the theological thrust remains clear: a significant breach of spiritual and moral order occurred, contributing to the pervasive wickedness that grieved God's heart. This event underscores the biblical principle that unchecked sin metastasizes, impacting not only individuals but also the very fabric of society, necessitating divine intervention. It highlights God's unwavering standard of holiness and His ultimate sovereignty over human rebellion.

* [Deuteronomy 7:3-4](/deuteronomy/7-3-4 "Deuteronomy 7:3-4 - Warnings Against Intermarriage")
* [2 Corinthians 6:14](/2_corinthians/6-14 "2 Corinthians 6:14 - Do Not Be Unequally Yoked")
* [Jude 1:6-7](/jude/1-6-7 "Jude 1:6-7 - Angels Who Did Not Keep Their Proper Domain")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Genesis 6:2 serves as a timeless cautionary tale, urging us to consider the profound implications of our choices, particularly in relationships. It challenges us to look beyond superficial attractiveness and worldly considerations, cultivating spiritual discernment rooted in God's wisdom and principles. In a world that often prioritizes physical appearance, status, or fleeting desires, this verse reminds us that true compatibility and lasting joy are found in alignment with God's design for holiness and purpose. Our choices, especially in marriage and close alliances, have far-reaching spiritual consequences, shaping not only our individual lives but also the spiritual health of our families and communities. The narrative prompts us to ask whether our decisions are driven by carnal appetite or by a desire to honor God and build His kingdom, recognizing that a disregard for divine boundaries ultimately leads to spiritual decay and grief, both for ourselves and for God.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **In what areas of my life am I tempted to make choices based solely on superficial attractiveness or worldly desires, rather than spiritual discernment?**
* **How can I cultivate a deeper sense of spiritual discernment in my relationships and alliances, ensuring they align with God's will?**
* **What are the potential long-term consequences, both for myself and for those around me, if I disregard God's boundaries in my choices?**
* **How does the narrative of God's grief in Genesis 6:5-7 influence my understanding of the seriousness of human sin and the importance of living righteously?**

### FAQ
**Who are the "sons of God" in this verse?**

Answer: This is one of the most debated phrases in the Old Testament, with two primary interpretations. The first, and historically older, view is that they were fallen angels who abandoned their spiritual domain to mate with human women, leading to unnatural offspring. This interpretation is supported by ancient Jewish traditions and some New Testament passages like [Jude 1:6](/jude/1-6 "Jude 1:6 speaks of angels who did not keep their proper domain") and [2 Peter 2:4](/2_peter/2-4 "2 Peter 2:4 mentions angels who sinned"). The second prominent view is that they represent the godly lineage of Seth, who intermarried with the ungodly lineage of Cain, leading to a compromise of faith and widespread spiritual corruption. Both interpretations underscore the catastrophic nature of these unions and their contribution to the pervasive wickedness before the Flood.

**What does "daughters of men" refer to?**

Answer: "Daughters of men" refers to human women. This phrase emphasizes their full humanity and serves as a contrast to the "sons of God," highlighting the distinct nature of the two groups involved in these unions. In the Sethite interpretation, it specifically refers to the ungodly line of Cain, whose descendants were characterized by violence and a disregard for God.

**Why is the union described in Genesis 6:2 significant?**

Answer: This union is profoundly significant because it represents a critical act of moral compromise and rebellion against God's established order. It signifies a complete breakdown of spiritual boundaries, leading to widespread corruption, violence, and a pervasive evil that permeated human society. The narrative presents these unions as a primary catalyst for God's deep sorrow and His subsequent decision to bring the Great Flood as a righteous judgment upon the earth, as detailed in [Genesis 6:5-7](/genesis/6-5-7 "Genesis 6:5-7 - God's Grief and Decision to Flood").

**Does this verse relate to the Nephilim mentioned in Genesis 6:4?**

Answer: Yes, [Genesis 6:4](/genesis/6-4 "Genesis 6:4 mentions the Nephilim") directly follows and builds upon Genesis 6:2. It states, "There were giants (Nephilim) in the earth in those days, and also after that, when the sons of God came in unto the daughters of men, and they bare children to them, the same became mighty men which were of old, men of renown." This verse strongly suggests that the Nephilim were the offspring of the unions described in Genesis 6:2, further highlighting the unnatural, corrupted, and extraordinary nature of the events and their consequences.

**What does "saw that they were fair" imply about their choices?**

Answer: The phrase "saw that they were fair" (Hebrew: *ṭōḇ*) implies that the choices of the "sons of God" were based purely on physical attractiveness and superficial appeal, rather than spiritual suitability, moral character, or divine guidance. This highlights a carnal, undiscerning motivation that prioritized lust over God's design for relationships. It signals a profound lack of spiritual discernment and contributes to the overall narrative of humanity's deepening depravity and disregard for God's will, echoing the visual temptation in [Genesis 3:6](/genesis/3-6 "Genesis 3:6 - The Woman Saw the Tree").

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Genesis 6:2, by vividly portraying the depths of human depravity and the pervasive nature of sin's corruption, powerfully illuminates humanity's desperate need for a divine deliverer. The inability of humanity to self-govern righteously, leading to such profound moral chaos and a disregard for sacred boundaries, points inexorably to the necessity of God's redemptive intervention through Christ. Unlike the "sons of God" who "took wives of all which they chose" based on carnal desire, Jesus, the perfect Son of God, came not to indulge in earthly desires but to [take on human flesh](/hebrews/2-14 "Hebrews 2:14 - Jesus Shares in Humanity") and redeem humanity from its fallen state. He embodies the ultimate fulfillment of righteousness and purity, establishing a new covenant where spiritual discernment, holy living, and obedience to God's will are paramount, in stark contrast to the lawless choices described in this verse. His sacrificial death and glorious resurrection overcome the very sin, corruption, and death that originated from such rebellion, offering a path to [new creation and eternal life](/2_corinthians/5-17 "2 Corinthians 5:17 - New Creation in Christ") where the pervasive wickedness depicted in Genesis 6:2 is utterly undone and replaced by the transformative power of His grace.

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Psalms 82:6

¶ I have said, Ye [are] gods; and all of you [are] children of the most High.

Psalms 82:7

But ye shall die like men, and fall like one of the princes.

1 John 2:16

For all that [is] in the world, the lust of the flesh, and the lust of the eyes, and the pride of life, is not of the Father, but is of the world.

Romans 9:7

Neither, because they are the seed of Abraham, [are they] all children: but, In Isaac shall thy seed be called.

Romans 9:8

That is, They which are the children of the flesh, these [are] not the children of God: but the children of the promise are counted for the seed.

2 Peter 2:14

Having eyes full of adultery, and that cannot cease from sin; beguiling unstable souls: an heart they have exercised with covetous practices; cursed children:

Nehemiah 13:24

And their children spake half in the speech of Ashdod, and could not speak in the Jews' language, but according to the language of each people.