1 Timothy 3:16

KJV

And without controversy great is the mystery of godliness: God was manifest in the flesh, justified in the Spirit, seen of angels, preached unto the Gentiles, believed on in the world, received up into glory.

KJV (with Strong's)

And {G2532} without controversy {G3672} great {G3173} is {G2076} the mystery {G3466} of godliness {G2150}: God {G2316} was manifest {G5319} in {G1722} the flesh {G4561}, justified {G1344} in {G1722} the Spirit {G4151}, seen {G3700} of angels {G32}, preached {G2784} unto {G1722} the Gentiles {G1484}, believed on {G4100} in {G1722} the world {G2889}, received up {G353} into {G1722} glory {G1391}.

Complete Jewish Bible

Great beyond all question is the formerly hidden truth underlying our faith:

He was manifested physically
and proved righteous spiritually,
seen by angels
and proclaimed among the nations,
trusted throughout the world
and raised up in glory to heaven.

Berean Standard Bible

By common confession, the mystery of godliness is great: He appeared in the flesh, was vindicated by the Spirit, was seen by angels, was proclaimed among the nations, was believed in throughout the world, was taken up in glory.

American Standard Version

And without controversy great is the mystery of godliness; He who was manifested in the flesh, Justified in the spirit, Seen of angels, Preached among the nations, Believed on in the world, Received up in glory.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
First Timothy 3:16 presents a profound, ancient confession of faith, often considered an early Christian hymn or creed, encapsulating the foundational truths of the gospel. It declares the unparalleled "mystery of godliness" – the astonishing reality of God's manifestation in human flesh through Jesus Christ, His divine vindication, His cosmic recognition, the universal proclamation and acceptance of His message, and His glorious ascension. This verse serves as a concise summary of Christ's person and work, providing the theological bedrock for the church's faith, conduct, and mission.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** This verse stands as a climactic, poetic declaration within Paul’s first letter to Timothy, serving as a theological anchor for the practical instructions on church order and leadership that precede it. Immediately prior to this verse, Paul meticulously outlines the qualifications for overseers and deacons in [1 Timothy 3:1-13](/1_timothy/3-1-13 "1 Timothy 3:1-13 - Qualifications for Overseers and Deacons"), emphasizing the need for godly leadership to preserve sound doctrine and maintain the integrity of the church, which Paul describes as "the pillar and ground of the truth" in [1 Timothy 3:15](/1_timothy/3-15 "1 Timothy 3:15 - The Church as Pillar of Truth"). Verse 16 then reveals the very truth that the church is called to uphold and proclaim: the mystery of Christ. Its hymnic structure suggests it may have been a well-known confession or liturgical piece used in early Christian worship, providing a concise summary of the gospel for both instruction and adoration.
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** Timothy was ministering in Ephesus, a prominent city in Asia Minor, known for its diverse religious landscape, including the pervasive cult of Artemis and various philosophical schools. The early church in Ephesus faced challenges from false teachers who promoted asceticism, myths, and endless genealogies, undermining the core tenets of the faith (cf. [1 Timothy 1:3-7](/1_timothy/1-3-7 "1 Timothy 1:3-7 - Warning Against False Doctrine")). In this environment, Paul’s emphasis on "sound doctrine" (e.g., [1 Timothy 1:10](/1_timothy/1-10 "1 Timothy 1:10 - Sound Doctrine")) and the clear articulation of Christological truth was crucial. This confession would have provided a stable, authoritative summary of Christian belief, serving as a bulwark against syncretism and heresy, and reinforcing the unique identity and mission of the nascent Christian community amidst pagan influences.
* **Key Themes:** First Timothy 3:16 profoundly contributes to several key themes within the epistle and broader biblical theology. Foremost is **Christology**, presenting a robust summary of Jesus's divine nature and redemptive work, from His incarnation to His ascension. It highlights the **Incarnation** as the central "mystery" of God's self-revelation. The phrase "justified in the Spirit" points to Christ's **Vindication and Resurrection**, affirming His sinlessness and divine approval, a theme also seen in [Romans 1:4](/romans/1-4 "Romans 1:4 - Christ's Resurrection and Divine Sonship"). The verse underscores the **Universal Scope of the Gospel**, emphasizing that Christ's message was "preached unto the Gentiles" and "believed on in the world," echoing the Great Commission found in [Matthew 28:19](/matthew/28-19 "Matthew 28:19 - The Great Commission"). Finally, it culminates in Christ's **Exaltation and Glorification** through His ascension, a truth foundational to Christian hope and the understanding of Christ's present reign (cf. [Acts 1:9-11](/acts/1-9-11 "Acts 1:9-11 - Jesus' Ascension and Promise of Return")).

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
#### Key Word Analysis
* **Mystery (Greek, _mystḗrion'_):** This term, in biblical usage, does not refer to something incomprehensible or unknowable, but rather a truth previously hidden or partially revealed in the Old Testament, now fully disclosed and made plain through God's redemptive work in Christ. It signifies a divine secret, once concealed, but now openly declared for all to understand and believe. In this context, the "mystery of godliness" is the stunning revelation of God in Christ.
* **Godliness (Greek, _eusébeia'_):** Derived from a word meaning "well-revering," _eusébeia_ denotes true piety, reverence, and devotion to God that manifests in right living and conduct. It encompasses not merely outward religious observance but an inner disposition of reverence that shapes one's entire life. Here, the "mystery of godliness" refers to the profound truth of the gospel itself, which is the source and standard of all true piety.
* **Justified (Greek, _dikaióō'_):** From the root meaning "righteous," _dikaióō_ means "to render (i.e. show or regard as) just or innocent." In the context of Christ, it speaks to His vindication. It signifies that Christ was declared righteous, proven to be without sin, and confirmed as God's Son through the power of the Holy Spirit, particularly in His resurrection. This is not about Christ needing to be made righteous, but about His inherent righteousness being publicly affirmed and demonstrated.
* **Glory (Greek, _dóxa'_):** This word refers to glory as "very apparent" and can denote dignity, honor, praise, or worship. When applied to Christ's ascension, "received up into glory" signifies His exaltation to the highest honor and majesty in the presence of God. It speaks of His return to His rightful place of divine splendor and authority, demonstrating His ultimate triumph and reign.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"And without controversy great is the mystery of godliness:"** This opening phrase sets the stage, emphasizing the undisputed and profound nature of the truth that follows. The "mystery of godliness" is the central, revealed truth of Christian faith, which is of immense significance and beyond dispute among true believers. It is the core of what it means to live a life devoted to God.
* **"God was manifest in the flesh,"** This is the foundational declaration of the Incarnation. It states that God Himself, the Supreme Divinity, became visibly apparent and took on human nature. This refers directly to Jesus Christ, affirming His full deity and true humanity – the infinite God dwelling among humanity in a physical body.
* **"justified in the Spirit,"** This clause speaks to Christ's vindication. It means that Christ's sinless life, His divine claims, and His redemptive work were confirmed and authenticated by the Holy Spirit, most notably through His resurrection from the dead. The Spirit bore witness to His righteousness and power, proving Him to be the Son of God.
* **"seen of angels,"** This highlights the cosmic significance of Christ's earthly ministry. Heavenly beings, angels, observed with wonder and adoration the unfolding of God's redemptive plan through Christ's life, death, resurrection, and ascension. Their witness underscores the universal import of these events.
* **"preached unto the Gentiles,"** This emphasizes the universal scope of the gospel message. The good news of Christ, initially revealed within a Jewish context, was proclaimed to all nations, transcending ethnic and cultural boundaries. This reflects the apostolic mission to spread the message globally.
* **"believed on in the world,"** This clause attests to the transformative power and widespread acceptance of the gospel. Despite opposition, the message of Christ found faith and adherence among people from diverse backgrounds across the globe, demonstrating its efficacy and divine origin.
* **"received up into glory."** This climactic statement refers to Christ's ascension into heaven. After His resurrection, Jesus was bodily taken up into the divine presence, exalted to the right hand of God. This signifies His ultimate triumph, His reign as Lord, and His return to the full splendor and majesty of His divine glory.

#### Literary Devices
This verse is rich in literary artistry, functioning as a concise theological summary. Its rhythmic and balanced structure, particularly the six parallel clauses beginning with a passive verb, strongly suggests it is a **Hymn** or **Creedal Form**, likely an early Christian confession of faith. This **Parallelism** enhances its memorability and theological impact, presenting a series of declarative statements about Christ's person and work. The entire passage serves as a **Doxology**, a hymn of praise to God, specifically to Christ, for His magnificent work of salvation. The opening phrase, "great is the **mystery** of godliness," immediately signals the profound, divinely revealed truth that is about to be unfolded, elevating the significance of the subsequent declarations. The progression from incarnation to glorification also exhibits a **Chiasm** or concentric structure in some interpretations, where the central points are framed by the initial and final statements, emphasizing the journey of Christ.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
This verse is a cornerstone of Christian theology, encapsulating the very essence of the gospel. It presents a comprehensive Christology, moving from the profound truth of the Incarnation – God becoming flesh – to the ultimate glorification of Christ in His ascension. It affirms both the full deity and true humanity of Jesus, making Him the unique mediator between God and humanity. The sequence of events – manifestation, vindication, angelic witness, global proclamation, worldwide belief, and glorious ascension – paints a complete picture of God's redemptive plan centered on Christ. This "mystery of godliness" is not an abstract concept but the living reality of God's saving presence and power revealed in His Son, providing the foundation for all Christian worship, doctrine, and ethical living. It highlights that true godliness is rooted in understanding and responding to who Christ is and what He has accomplished.

* [John 1:14](/john/1-14 "John 1:14 - The Word Became Flesh")
* [Romans 1:3-4](/romans/1-3-4 "Romans 1:3-4 - Christ's Resurrection and Divine Sonship")
* [Acts 1:9-11](/acts/1-9-11 "Acts 1:9-11 - Jesus' Ascension and Promise of Return")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
First Timothy 3:16 calls believers to a profound contemplation of the person and work of Jesus Christ, recognizing that the "mystery of godliness" is not merely a theological concept but the living truth that animates our faith and shapes our lives. Understanding that God Himself was manifest in the flesh should inspire awe and humble adoration, reminding us of the immense love and condescension of our Creator. Christ's vindication in the Spirit assures us of His perfect righteousness and the efficacy of His atoning work, providing a firm foundation for our hope and salvation. The cosmic witness of angels and the global spread of the gospel should ignite our passion for evangelism and missions, knowing that this glorious truth is meant for all the world. Finally, Christ's ascension into glory provides assurance of His present reign and future return, empowering us to live lives of faithful obedience and confident expectation. This verse compels us to root our entire existence in the reality of Christ, allowing His story to define our identity, inform our worship, and direct our mission in the world.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **How does the "mystery of godliness" described in this verse deepen your understanding of who Jesus Christ is?**
* **In what ways does Christ's journey from "manifest in the flesh" to "received up into glory" impact your daily walk of faith?**
* **How does the universal proclamation ("preached unto the Gentiles") and acceptance ("believed on in the world") of the gospel challenge or encourage your involvement in sharing your faith?**
* **Considering the church is the "pillar and ground of the truth" (1 Timothy 3:15), how does this verse inform the church's mission and message today?**

### FAQ
**What is the "mystery of godliness" mentioned in 1 Timothy 3:16?**

Answer: The "mystery of godliness" refers to the profound, divinely revealed truth about God's saving work, which was once hidden but is now fully disclosed in the person and work of Jesus Christ. It is "godliness" because this revealed truth is the very foundation and source of all true piety and devotion to God. It encompasses the entire arc of Christ's redemptive journey: His incarnation ("God was manifest in the flesh"), His vindication by the Holy Spirit ("justified in the Spirit"), His cosmic recognition ("seen of angels"), the universal proclamation of His message ("preached unto the Gentiles"), its acceptance by humanity ("believed on in the world"), and His glorious ascension ("received up into glory"). This mystery is the core of the Christian faith, making God accessible to humanity and providing the means for true relationship with Him.

**Why is 1 Timothy 3:16 considered so significant in Christian theology?**

Answer: This verse is immensely significant because it provides one of the most concise and comprehensive summaries of Christology found in the New Testament. It affirms the full deity of Christ ("God was manifest in the flesh") and His true humanity, which is foundational to understanding His role as mediator and savior. It outlines the key stages of His redemptive work, from His earthly life and vindication to His universal impact and ultimate exaltation. Because of its hymnic or creedal structure, it is believed to be an early confession of faith, reflecting the core beliefs of the apostolic church. It serves as a theological anchor for the church, defining the truth it is called to uphold and proclaim, and providing a bulwark against false teachings that might deny Christ's nature or work. Its rich content underpins doctrines such as the Incarnation, Resurrection, Ascension, and the universal mission of the church, making it a pivotal text for understanding Christian orthodoxy and the nature of salvation.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
First Timothy 3:16 stands as a powerful testament to the Christ-centered nature of God's redemptive plan, revealing how all "godliness" flows from and finds its ultimate meaning in Jesus. The "mystery" is not merely a concept but the living reality of God Himself entering human history in the person of Christ, fulfilling ancient prophecies and inaugurating a new covenant. Jesus is the very **manifestation of God in the flesh**, the [Word who became flesh and dwelt among us](/john/1-14 "John 1:14 - The Word Became Flesh"), making the invisible God visible and comprehensible. His life, death, and resurrection were not merely human events but divine acts, [justified and confirmed by the Holy Spirit](/romans/1-3-4 "Romans 1:3-4 - Christ's Resurrection and Divine Sonship"), proving His perfect righteousness and His victory over sin and death. This cosmic drama, [observed with wonder by angels](/luke/2-13-14 "Luke 2:13-14 - Angels Announce Christ's Birth"), culminates in the universal proclamation of His gospel, as the good news is [preached to all nations](/matthew/28-19 "Matthew 28:19 - The Great Commission") and [believed on in the world](/colossians/1-6 "Colossians 1:6 - The Gospel Bearing Fruit Globally"). Finally, His [reception up into glory](/acts/1-9-11 "Acts 1:9-11 - Jesus' Ascension and Promise of Return") signifies His exaltation as Lord of all, reigning at the Father's right hand until He returns, ensuring that all true godliness is eternally rooted in His finished work and ongoing reign.

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

John 1:14

And the Word was made flesh, and dwelt among us, (and we beheld his glory, the glory as of the only begotten of the Father,) full of grace and truth.

Hebrews 1:3

Who being the brightness of [his] glory, and the express image of his person, and upholding all things by the word of his power, when he had by himself purged our sins, sat down on the right hand of the Majesty on high;

Mark 16:19

¶ So then after the Lord had spoken unto them, he was received up into heaven, and sat on the right hand of God.

Romans 16:25

¶ Now to him that is of power to stablish you according to my gospel, and the preaching of Jesus Christ, according to the revelation of the mystery, which was kept secret since the world began,

Luke 24:4

And it came to pass, as they were much perplexed thereabout, behold, two men stood by them in shining garments:

Colossians 1:23

If ye continue in the faith grounded and settled, and [be] not moved away from the hope of the gospel, which ye have heard, [and] which was preached to every creature which is under heaven; whereof I Paul am made a minister;

1 John 5:6

¶ This is he that came by water and blood, [even] Jesus Christ; not by water only, but by water and blood. And it is the Spirit that beareth witness, because the Spirit is truth.