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circa 930–586 BC
The Divided Kingdom
The kingdom splits into Israel and Judah; prophets warn of judgment as both nations slowly drift into idolatry and exile.
- 1 Kings 20:19c. 901 BC
So the district governors' men left the city, followed by the army;
- 1 Kings 20:20c. 901 BC
and each one killed his man. Aram fled, and Isra'el pursued them. Ben-Hadad king of Aram escaped on horseback with some of the cavalry.
- 1 Kings 20:21c. 901 BC
The king of Isra'el went out and attacked the horses and chariots, inflicting a massive defeat on Aram.
- 1 Kings 20:22c. 901 BC
Afterwards, the prophet approached the king of Isra'el and said to him, "Go, regroup your forces, and think carefully what to do, for next year at this time the king of Aram will renew his attack."
- 1 Kings 20:23c. 901 BC
Meanwhile, the servants of the king of Aram said to him, "Their God is a God of the hills; that's why they were stronger than we were. But if we fight them on level ground, we will certainly be stronger than they are.
- 1 Kings 20:24c. 901 BC
Also do this: remove all the kings from their commands, and put professional officers in their place.
- 1 Kings 20:25c. 901 BC
Then recruit an army as big as the army you lost, horse for horse and chariot for chariot. We will attack them on level ground, and we will certainly be stronger than they." He heeded what they said and acted accordingly.
- 1 Kings 20:26c. 901 BC
At the same time the following year, Ben-Hadad mustered the army of Aram and went up to Afek to attack Isra'el.
- 1 Kings 20:27c. 901 BC
The army of Isra'el, already mobilized and supplied, went to meet them; but the army of Isra'el, encamped opposite them, looked like two herds of goats; while Aram filled the land.
- 1 Kings 20:28c. 901 BC
At this point, a man of God approached and said to the king of Isra'el, "Here is what ADONAI says: 'Because Aram said that ADONAI is a God of the hills but not a God of the valleys, I will hand over to you this entire huge army. Then you will know that I am ADONAI.'"
- 1 Kings 20:29c. 901 BC
They remained in camp opposite each other for seven days. On the seventh day, the battle began; and the people of Isra'el killed 100,000 soldiers of Aram in a single day.
- 1 Kings 20:30c. 901 BC
The rest fled to Afek, into the city; and the wall fell on 27,000 of the men who were left. Ben-Hadad fled into the city and took refuge in an inside room.
- 1 Kings 20:31c. 901 BC
His servants said to him, "Here now, we have heard that the kings of the house of Isra'el are merciful kings. If it's all right with you, let's put sackcloth around our waists and ropes on our heads, and go out to the king of Isra'el. Maybe he will spare your life."
- 1 Kings 20:32c. 901 BC
So they put sackcloth around their waists and ropes on their heads, went to the king of Isra'el and said, "Your servant Ben-Hadad says, 'Please spare my life.'" And he answered, "He's still alive? He is my brother."
- 1 Kings 20:33c. 901 BC
The men took this as a promising indication and seized on it to say, "Yes, Ben-Hadad is your brother." Then Ach'av said, "Go, and bring him here." Ben-Hadad went out to him, and Ach'av had him climb up into his chariot.
- 1 Kings 20:34c. 901 BC
Ben-Hadad said to him, "I will return the cities my father took from your father. Also you can set up markets for trade in Dammesek, as my father did in Shomron." "If you put this covenant in writing," said Ach'av, "I will set you free." So he made a covenant with him and set him free.
- 1 Kings 20:35c. 901 BC
One of the members of the prophets' guild said to another one, by the word of ADONAI, "Hit me!" But the man refused to hit him.
- 1 Kings 20:36c. 901 BC
Then he said to him, "Because you didn't listen to the voice of ADONAI, the moment you leave me, a lion will kill you." No sooner had he left him than a lion found him and killed him.
- 1 Kings 20:37c. 901 BC
The prophet went to another man and said, "Hit me!" The man struck him a blow and wounded him.
- 1 Kings 20:38c. 901 BC
The prophet left and waited for the king by the road, disguising himself with a bandage over his eyes.
- 1 Kings 20:39c. 901 BC
As the king passed by, he called out to the king and said, "Your servant was on his way into the thick of the fighting when someone turned, brought a man to me and said, 'Guard this man! If he is missing, you will pay for his life with yours; or else you will pay sixty-six pounds of silver.'
- 1 Kings 20:40c. 901 BC
But while your servant was busy with one thing and another, he disappeared." The king of Isra'el said to him, "So that is your sentence; you have pronounced it on yourself."
- 1 Kings 20:41c. 901 BC
Quickly he removed the bandage from his eyes, and the king of Isra'el recognized him as one of the prophets.
- 1 Kings 20:42c. 901 BC
Then he said to the king, "Here is what ADONAI says: 'Because you have let escape the man I had given over to be destroyed, you will pay with your life for his life and with your people for his people.'"
- 1 Kings 20:43c. 901 BC
The king of Isra'el returned home to Shomron resentful and depressed.