Nehemiah 3:16

KJV

After him repaired Nehemiah the son of Azbuk, the ruler of the half part of Bethzur, unto [the place] over against the sepulchres of David, and to the pool that was made, and unto the house of the mighty.

KJV (with Strong's)

After {H310} him repaired {H2388} Nehemiah {H5166} the son {H1121} of Azbuk {H5802}, the ruler {H8269} of the half {H2677} part {H6418} of Bethzur {H1049}, unto the place over against the sepulchres {H6913} of David {H1732}, and to the pool {H1295} that was made {H6213}, and unto the house {H1004} of the mighty {H1368}.

Complete Jewish Bible

After him Nechemyah the son of Azbuk, leader of half the district of Beit-Tzur, made repairs from the place opposite the tombs of David as far as the artificial pool and the soldiers' barracks.

Berean Standard Bible

Beyond him, Nehemiah son of Azbuk, ruler of a half-district of Beth-zur, made repairs up to a point opposite the tombs of David, as far as the artificial pool and the House of the Mighty.

American Standard Version

After him repaired Nehemiah the son of Azbuk, the ruler of half the district of Beth-zur, unto the place over against the sepulchres of David, and unto the pool that was made, and unto the house of the mighty men.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Nehemiah 3:16 meticulously chronicles the specific contribution of Nehemiah, son of Azbuk, identified as the ruler of half of Bethzur, to the monumental task of rebuilding Jerusalem's walls. His team was assigned a precise section, spanning from a point opposite the revered sepulchres of David, extending to "the pool that was made," and concluding at "the house of the mighty." This verse, embedded within a comprehensive register of builders, highlights the widespread participation of individuals from diverse social strata and geographical regions, underscoring the collaborative effort, meticulous organization, and shared commitment essential for the restoration of the city's vital defenses.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** Nehemiah 3 functions as a detailed "builders' register," systematically documenting the various groups, families, and individuals who participated in the monumental task of reconstructing Jerusalem's walls. Following Nehemiah's initial, discreet assessment of the city's dilapidated defenses in [Nehemiah 2:11-16](/nehemiah/2-11-16 "Nehemiah's Secret Inspection of the Walls"), this chapter provides an almost architectural blueprint of the repair work, moving methodically around the city's perimeter. Each segment of the wall, often identified by its adjacent gate or significant landmark, is assigned to specific individuals or groups, frequently noting their family, profession, or place of origin. This meticulous listing emphasizes the collective, organized, and dedicated effort under Nehemiah's visionary leadership, demonstrating that the restoration was not a solitary endeavor but a community-wide undertaking. Verse 16 fits seamlessly into this continuous narrative, identifying another specific team and their assigned segment, reinforcing the granular detail of the overall project.

* **Historical & Cultural Context:** The rebuilding of Jerusalem's walls took place during the post-exilic period, specifically in the mid-5th century BCE, under the Persian King Artaxerxes I. For the returning Jewish exiles, the absence of city walls was more than a structural deficiency; it symbolized vulnerability, national shame, and a profound lack of security and identity. Walls were indispensable for defense against hostile neighbors, such as Sanballat and Tobiah, who actively opposed Nehemiah's efforts (as seen in [Nehemiah 2:10](/nehemiah/2-10 "Sanballat and Tobiah's Opposition")), and for delineating the boundaries of a distinct, covenant community. The mention of "Bethzur" (modern Khirbet et-Tubeiqa) is significant, as it was an ancient fortified city in the Judean hills, south of Jerusalem. Its inclusion underscores that the rebuilding effort drew participants and resources from beyond Jerusalem's immediate confines, indicating a broader national commitment. The "sepulchres of David" points to the historical and spiritual heart of Jerusalem, connecting the present act of physical restoration to the glorious past of the Davidic monarchy and the enduring legacy of God's covenant with David ([2 Samuel 7:12-16](/2_samuel/7-12-16 "God's Covenant with David")). The "pool that was made" likely refers to a vital man-made water source or reservoir, crucial for the city's survival, especially during a siege, possibly referencing the Pool of Siloam or similar infrastructure vital for urban resilience.

* **Key Themes:** Nehemiah 3:16, within the broader context of the chapter, powerfully illustrates several key themes central to the book of Nehemiah and biblical theology. Firstly, it highlights **shared responsibility and collective effort**, demonstrating that monumental tasks are accomplished not by one heroic figure, but through the dedicated, coordinated efforts of many. Every individual and group, regardless of their social standing or origin, contributed their specific part to the greater whole, echoing the New Testament principle of unity in purpose and diverse gifts for a common good ([1 Corinthians 12:12-27](/1_corinthians/12-12-27 "Many Members, One Body")). Secondly, the verse underscores **diligent and specific work**, as the detailed description of who repaired which section, down to precise landmarks like the "sepulchres of David," emphasizes the thoroughness, precision, and accountability required for the rebuilding. This was not a vague, generalized effort but a targeted, hands-on project with clear assignments. Thirdly, it showcases **effective leadership and organization**, as Nehemiah's ability to mobilize, organize, and motivate so many diverse groups, assigning them specific tasks and recognizing their contributions, is a testament to his administrative prowess and reliance on God's guidance, as seen in [Nehemiah 2:18](/nehemiah/2-18 "Nehemiah's Encouragement and the People's Response"). Finally, the entire chapter, including this verse, speaks to the overarching theme of **restoration and renewal**, both physical and spiritual, as the rebuilding of the walls symbolized the re-establishment of the community's identity, security, and spiritual vitality under God's covenant.

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS

#### Key Word Analysis
* **Bethzur (Hebrew, _Bêyth Tsûwr_):** Meaning "house of (the) rock." This ancient fortified city, located approximately 15 miles south of Jerusalem in the Judean hills, held strategic importance. The participation of its "ruler" in the rebuilding effort signifies a broader regional commitment to Jerusalem's restoration, extending beyond its immediate residents. Its name itself, "house of the rock," subtly suggests resilience and strength, aligning with the nature of the wall-building project.
* **Sepulchre (Hebrew, _qeber_):** Referring to a "burying place, grave, or sepulchre." In this context, it specifically denotes the "sepulchres of David," a highly significant historical and spiritual landmark in Jerusalem, likely located on the Ophel ridge. Its mention grounds the repair work in the city's rich past and the enduring legacy of the Davidic monarchy, connecting the present generation of builders to the foundational figures of their nation.
* **Ruler (Hebrew, _sar_):** This term denotes a "head person (of any rank or class); captain, chief, prince, or steward." In this verse, Nehemiah son of Azbuk is identified as a civic leader, "the ruler of the half part of Bethzur," indicating his authority and responsibility within his own administrative district. His active involvement in the rebuilding project signifies that the effort was not merely a grassroots movement but also received the endorsement and active participation of established local authorities, lending legitimacy and organizational strength to the enormous undertaking.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"After him repaired Nehemiah the son of Azbuk":** This phrase immediately places this individual's work in direct sequence with the preceding section of the wall, emphasizing the continuous and systematic nature of the rebuilding. It also introduces "Nehemiah the son of Azbuk," a distinct individual from Nehemiah the governor (the book's protagonist). This distinction is crucial, as it underscores that the work was a collective endeavor involving many individuals, some of whom shared the same name, highlighting the widespread participation rather than a singular heroic effort.
* **"the ruler of the half part of Bethzur":** This identifies the specific civic role and geographical origin of Nehemiah son of Azbuk. "The half part of Bethzur" likely refers to an administrative district or a specific jurisdiction within that region, indicating that the rebuilding effort involved not just Jerusalemites but also leaders and people from surrounding towns and regions. This detail illustrates the broad mobilization of resources and manpower, demonstrating a national commitment to the restoration of the capital city.
* **"unto [the place] over against the sepulchres of David":** This provides a precise geographical marker for the starting or ending point of this team's assigned section. The "sepulchres of David" were a well-known and revered landmark, grounding the specific repair work in the historical and spiritual heart of Jerusalem. The phrase "over against" suggests the section was directly opposite or adjacent to this significant site, indicating meticulous planning and detailed assignment of wall segments.
* **"and to the pool that was made":** This indicates another specific landmark delineating the extent of this team's work. "The pool that was made" refers to an artificial reservoir or water system, crucial for the city's water supply and defense, especially during a siege. Its inclusion as a landmark emphasizes the practical and strategic importance of the section of the wall being repaired, as it would protect a vital resource. This detail further highlights the precision and strategic thinking involved in the entire rebuilding project.
* **"and unto the house of the mighty":** This final landmark in the verse delineates the end of Nehemiah son of Azbuk's section. "The house of the mighty" likely refers to a prominent building, possibly a barracks for soldiers, a residence for important officials, or a strong defensive structure. Its mention as a boundary marker reinforces the detailed and comprehensive nature of the wall's reconstruction, ensuring that every segment, including those near significant public or military structures, was accounted for and repaired.

#### Literary Devices
Nehemiah 3:16, like the rest of the chapter, is rich in **Topographical Detail**, meticulously listing specific landmarks such as "the sepulchres of David," "the pool that was made," and "the house of the mighty." This precision serves to authenticate the historical account and provides a vivid mental map of the rebuilding process, emphasizing the tangible, hands-on nature of the work. The chapter also employs **Repetition** of the phrase "repaired after him" or similar constructions, creating a rhythmic, cumulative effect that underscores the continuous, collaborative effort of many individuals. This repetition also functions as a **List** or register, systematically cataloging each builder and their assigned section, transforming what might otherwise be a dry architectural record into an "honor roll" that celebrates the collective dedication of the community. Furthermore, the entire chapter, including this verse, can be seen as an extended **Synecdoche**, where the parts (individual builders and their sections) represent the whole (the unified community of returning exiles working together to restore Jerusalem). The rebuilding of the physical wall itself serves as **Symbolism** for the restoration of the community's identity, security, and spiritual vitality.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Nehemiah 3:16, nestled within the comprehensive account of the wall's reconstruction, profoundly illustrates the theological principle that God accomplishes His grand purposes through the diligent, specific, and collaborative efforts of His people. The detailed listing of individuals, including a distinct Nehemiah, underscores that every contribution, no matter how seemingly small or localized, is vital to the larger divine project. It speaks to the dignity of labor and the sacredness of practical service when undertaken for God's glory. The rebuilding of the physical wall is a powerful metaphor for spiritual restoration, community building, and the defense of truth in every generation. It reminds us that God calls diverse individuals, with varying gifts and from different backgrounds, to work together in unity, each fulfilling their unique role, to advance His kingdom. This collective effort, guided by faithful leadership and empowered by divine providence, transforms a daunting task into a testament of faith and perseverance.

* [1 Corinthians 12:20](/1_corinthians/12-20 "1 Corinthians 12:20 - Many Members, One Body")
* [Ephesians 2:20-22](/ephesians/2-20-22 "Ephesians 2:20-22 - Built on the Apostles and Prophets, Christ as Cornerstone")
* [Philippians 2:3-4](/philippians/2-3-4 "Philippians 2:3-4 - Humility and Looking Out for Others")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Nehemiah 3:16 offers timeless lessons for believers today, reminding us that God's kingdom work is a collective enterprise, not a solo act. Just as Nehemiah son of Azbuk had a specific, clearly defined section of the wall to repair, so too does every individual in the body of Christ have a unique calling, a particular "section" of God's spiritual wall to build or maintain. This verse challenges us to identify our specific sphere of influence and to apply ourselves with diligence and precision to the tasks God has entrusted to us, whether in our homes, churches, workplaces, or communities. It encourages us that no contribution is too small or insignificant when it is part of God's larger design, and that true spiritual progress often requires humble, consistent effort by many, rather than spectacular feats by a few. The unity and collaboration demonstrated by the builders of Jerusalem's wall serve as a powerful model for how the church should function, with diverse members working together towards a common, God-given purpose, overcoming obstacles through shared commitment and mutual support, all for the glory of God.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **What "section of the wall"—whether in your personal life, family, church, or community—has God called you to repair or build?**
* **How does the detailed, collaborative effort described in Nehemiah 3:16 encourage you regarding the significance of your specific contribution to God's larger work?**
* **In what ways can your community or church better embody the spirit of unity and shared responsibility seen in the rebuilding of Jerusalem's walls?**
* **What "landmarks" in your spiritual journey or ministry define the boundaries of your current responsibilities, and how diligently are you tending to them?**

### FAQ

**Is this Nehemiah the same as the author of the book of Nehemiah?**

Answer: No, Nehemiah the son of Azbuk, mentioned in [Nehemiah 3:16](/nehemiah/3-16 "Nehemiah 3:16 - Nehemiah Son of Azbuk's Section"), is a different individual from Nehemiah the governor, who is the primary protagonist and likely the author or compiler of the book. The book's Nehemiah is identified as Nehemiah son of Hacaliah (e.g., [Nehemiah 1:1](/nehemiah/1-1 "Nehemiah 1:1 - Nehemiah Son of Hacaliah")). The presence of another prominent figure named Nehemiah participating in the rebuilding effort underscores the widespread nature of the work and the involvement of many leaders from various regions, not just the central figure. It highlights the collective effort and shared responsibility that characterized the restoration of Jerusalem.

**Why are these specific landmarks (sepulchres of David, pool, house of the mighty) mentioned in relation to this section of the wall?**

Answer: The mention of these specific landmarks serves several crucial purposes. Firstly, it provides **geographical precision**, allowing readers (both ancient and modern) to accurately locate the section of the wall being repaired. This detail underscores the meticulous planning and organization of the rebuilding project. Secondly, these landmarks carry significant **historical and strategic importance**. The "sepulchres of David" connect the present rebuilding to the glorious past of the Davidic kingdom, emphasizing continuity and heritage. "The pool that was made" points to a vital water source, critical for the city's survival, especially during a siege, highlighting the strategic defense of essential resources. "The house of the mighty" likely refers to a prominent or fortified structure, possibly a military barracks or a residence for important officials, indicating that key public and defensive areas were being secured. Together, these details illustrate the comprehensive nature of the reconstruction and the careful consideration given to every segment of the wall's defense.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
The physical rebuilding of Jerusalem's walls, as meticulously detailed in Nehemiah 3:16 and the surrounding verses, serves as a powerful Old Testament type foreshadowing the ultimate spiritual rebuilding and new covenant established through Jesus Christ. Just as the fragmented, broken walls of Jerusalem were restored by the collective, diligent efforts of many, so too was humanity's broken relationship with God mended by the unified, perfect work of Christ. The "sepulchres of David" point to the lineage of the earthly king, but Christ is the true and eternal King, the Son of David who builds an everlasting kingdom not of stone, but of living stones ([1 Peter 2:5](/1_peter/2-5 "1 Peter 2:5 - Living Stones in a Spiritual House")). The "pool that was made" provided physical sustenance, but Jesus offers "living water" that quenches spiritual thirst forever ([John 4:10-14](/john/4-10-14 "John 4:10-14 - Jesus Offers Living Water")). The "house of the mighty" symbolized earthly strength, yet Christ is the ultimate "house" and "temple" of God, through whom believers are built together into a dwelling place for God by the Spirit ([Ephesians 2:19-22](/ephesians/2-19-22 "Ephesians 2:19-22 - Fellow Citizens with Saints, Built on Christ")). Ultimately, Nehemiah's work, though noble, was temporary; the walls would eventually fall again. But Christ declared, "I will build my church, and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it" ([Matthew 16:18](/matthew/16-18 "Matthew 16:18 - Jesus Builds His Church")). He is the master builder, the cornerstone, and the foundation upon whom the true and eternal spiritual city of God is built, a city whose walls are salvation and whose gates are praise ([Isaiah 60:18](/isaiah/60-18 "Isaiah 60:18 - Walls of Salvation, Gates of Praise")).

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Nehemiah 3:12

And next unto him repaired Shallum the son of Halohesh, the ruler of the half part of Jerusalem, he and his daughters.

Nehemiah 3:9

And next unto them repaired Rephaiah the son of Hur, the ruler of the half part of Jerusalem.

2 Kings 20:20

And the rest of the acts of Hezekiah, and all his might, and how he made a pool, and a conduit, and brought water into the city, [are] they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah?

Acts 2:29

Men [and] brethren, let me freely speak unto you of the patriarch David, that he is both dead and buried, and his sepulchre is with us unto this day.

Isaiah 22:11

Ye made also a ditch between the two walls for the water of the old pool: but ye have not looked unto the maker thereof, neither had respect unto him that fashioned it long ago.

Nehemiah 3:14

But the dung gate repaired Malchiah the son of Rechab, the ruler of part of Bethhaccerem; he built it, and set up the doors thereof, the locks thereof, and the bars thereof.

Joshua 15:58

Halhul, Bethzur, and Gedor,