Ezra 8:20

KJV

Also of the Nethinims, whom David and the princes had appointed for the service of the Levites, two hundred and twenty Nethinims: all of them were expressed by name.

KJV (with Strong's)

Also of the Nethinims {H5411}, whom David {H1732} and the princes {H8269} had appointed {H5414} for the service {H5656} of the Levites {H3881}, two hundred {H3967} and twenty {H6242} Nethinims {H5411}: all of them were expressed {H5344} by name {H8034}.

Complete Jewish Bible

and from the temple servants, whom David and the princes had assigned to serve the L'vi'im, two hundred temple servants, all recorded by name.

Berean Standard Bible

They also brought 220 of the temple servants, all designated by name. David and the officials had appointed them to assist the Levites.

American Standard Version

and of the Nethinim, whom David and the princes had given for the service of the Levites, two hundred and twenty Nethinim: all of them were mentioned by name.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Ezra 8:20 meticulously records the inclusion of 220 Nethinims, a specific class of temple servants, among those accompanying Ezra on his perilous journey from Babylon to Jerusalem. This verse highlights their essential role in supporting the Levites for the re-establishment of proper temple worship and underscores the divine orchestration and careful accounting of every individual involved in the post-exilic restoration, emphasizing both comprehensive provision and personal recognition.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** Ezra 8 provides a detailed roster of the families and individuals who joined Ezra for his second return to Jerusalem, distinct from the initial return under Zerubbabel. The immediate context of verse 20 is Ezra's gathering of the exiles by the river Ahava before their departure (Ezra 8:15). A critical oversight was discovered: no Levites were among the initial volunteers, which was a significant problem given their indispensable role in temple service (Ezra 8:16-17). Ezra promptly dispatched messengers to Iddo, the head of the place Casiphia, to recruit Levites and Nethinims. Ezra 8:18-19 details the successful recruitment of 38 Levites and 220 Nethinims. Verse 20 specifically focuses on the Nethinims, emphasizing their precise number and the meticulous recording of their names, underscoring their importance for the mission of restoring proper worship and setting the stage for the journey itself.
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** The historical setting is the mid-5th century BC, during the reign of Artaxerxes I, when the second wave of Jewish exiles returned from Babylon to Judah. This journey was long and dangerous, requiring divine protection and careful preparation. The Nethinims were a well-established class of temple servants within Israelite society, likely descendants of non-Israelites (such as the Gibeonites, who were dedicated to temple service in [Joshua 9:27](/joshua/9-27 "Joshua 9:27 - The Gibeonites' Service")) who had been assigned to perform the more laborious and menial tasks associated with the sanctuary. Their duties included drawing water, hewing wood, and general maintenance, thereby freeing the priests and Levites for their more specialized sacred duties. Their inclusion was crucial for the practical functioning of the temple, which was the spiritual and communal heart of post-exilic Judah.
* **Key Themes:** Ezra 8:20 contributes significantly to several key themes within the book of Ezra. Firstly, it underscores the theme of **Divine Provision**, demonstrating God's comprehensive care for the restoration of His people and their worship, ensuring that all necessary personnel, even those in supporting roles, were present for the temple service. Secondly, it highlights **Meticulous Organization and Accountability**, as the phrase "all of them were expressed by name" emphasizes careful record-keeping and personal recognition. This speaks to the divine attention to detail and the value placed on each individual's contribution to God's work, echoing the principle that God knows and values His people by name, as seen in passages like [Isaiah 43:1](/isaiah/43-1 "Isaiah 43:1 - God Calls His People by Name"). Thirdly, it reinforces the **Centrality of Temple Service and Worship**, as the Nethinims were essential support staff, ensuring the proper functioning of the rituals and maintenance required for the spiritual restoration Ezra sought to achieve, a mission explicitly stated in [Ezra 7:10](/ezra/7-10 "Ezra 7:10 - Ezra's Purpose to Study and Do the Law").

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
#### Key Word Analysis
* **Nethinims (Hebrew, _Nethinim'_):** Derived from the Hebrew root _nathan_ (נָתַן), meaning "to give" or "to place." Thus, "Nethinims" literally means "the given ones" or "the dedicated ones." This term designates a specific class of temple servants, distinct from the Levites and priests, whose role was to perform the menial and practical tasks required for the upkeep and operation of the sanctuary. Their designation as "given ones" implies a status of perpetual dedication to the temple's service, often understood as descendants of non-Israelites who had been assigned this role. Their inclusion in Ezra's census underscores their recognized and essential function within the community returning to rebuild Jerusalem and restore temple worship.
* **Expressed by name (Hebrew, _bišmôt_):** This phrase, literally "in names" or "by names," signifies a meticulous and personal accounting. It indicates that each individual Nethinim was not merely counted as part of a collective number but was personally identified, recorded, and known. This detail highlights the thoroughness of Ezra's preparations and the importance placed on every person's contribution, regardless of their social standing or the nature of their service. It also subtly conveys a sense of divine recognition and value for each individual involved in God's work, emphasizing that their service was not overlooked.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"Also of the Nethinims,"**: This opening phrase signals the addition of another vital group to Ezra's company, following the successful recruitment of the Levites. It immediately draws attention to this specific class of temple servants, indicating their distinct identity and essential role in the overall mission of restoring temple worship.
* **"whom David and the princes had appointed for the service of the Levites,"**: This clause provides the historical and authoritative basis for the Nethinims' role. It establishes that their function as temple servants was not a new innovation but a long-standing tradition, formalized by King David and the leaders of Israel. Their specific duty was to "service the Levites," meaning they were assistants providing practical, often laborious, support, thereby enabling the Levites to concentrate on their more sacred and ritualistic duties without distraction.
* **"two hundred and twenty Nethinims: all of them were expressed by name."**: This concluding clause provides the precise number of Nethinims who joined Ezra's expedition and, crucially, emphasizes the meticulous nature of their registration. The repetition of "Nethinims" reinforces their identity. The phrase "all of them were expressed by name" highlights the thoroughness of Ezra's census and underscores the personal value and accountability of each individual, signifying that their contribution was recognized and documented not just as a collective but as distinct, valued persons.

#### Literary Devices
Ezra 8:20 effectively employs several literary devices to convey its message. **Emphasis** is achieved through the precise numerical accounting ("two hundred and twenty Nethinims") and the concluding declaration, "all of them were expressed by name." This specificity draws attention to the significance of this group and the meticulous nature of Ezra's preparations. The **Repetition** of "Nethinims" within the verse serves to underscore their identity and importance to the narrative. Furthermore, there is a clear element of **Historical Allusion** by referencing "whom David and the princes had appointed." This connection to the foundational era of Israel's unified monarchy and established temple worship lends historical weight and legitimacy to the Nethinims' role and the entire endeavor of restoration. This allusion also subtly reinforces the theme of divine continuity and the re-establishment of ancient, divinely sanctioned practices.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Ezra 8:20 offers profound theological insights into God's character and His work. It illustrates God's meticulous care and comprehensive provision for His people and His worship. The inclusion of the Nethinims, often regarded as performing the most humble tasks in the temple hierarchy, demonstrates that every role, regardless of its perceived status, is vital and divinely ordained for the flourishing of God's work. This verse powerfully communicates that God values every individual's contribution and knows each of His servants intimately, not merely as a collective, but by name. It underscores the importance of order, preparation, and accountability in spiritual endeavors, reflecting God's own character of precision and purpose. The return to Jerusalem was not a haphazard event but a divinely orchestrated restoration, where every necessary component, including these dedicated servants, was carefully accounted for, highlighting God's sovereign hand in every detail.

* [Numbers 3:6](/numbers/3-6 "Numbers 3:6 - Levites Given to Aaron and His Sons")
* [1 Corinthians 12:22-25](/1_corinthians/12-22 "1 Corinthians 12:22-25 - The Interdependence of the Body")
* [Psalm 139:13-16](/psalm/139-13 "Psalm 139:13-16 - God's Intimate Knowledge of Individuals")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Ezra 8:20 serves as a timeless reminder that in God's kingdom, every individual and every role holds intrinsic value and purpose. Just as the Nethinims were indispensable for the proper functioning of the temple, so too is every believer essential to the body of Christ. This verse challenges us to recognize and affirm the dignity of all forms of service, particularly those often performed behind the scenes, without public acclaim. It encourages us to embrace our unique calling, knowing that God has specifically "appointed" us for His service, and that He knows us personally, by name. Our meticulous God values order and preparation, prompting us to approach our spiritual responsibilities with diligence and accountability, trusting that even the smallest acts of faithfulness contribute to His grand redemptive plan. This passage calls us to find joy and significance in our assigned tasks, no matter how humble, understanding that true worth is found in faithful obedience to the One who knows us by name.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **How does the inclusion of the Nethinims challenge my perception of "important" versus "unimportant" roles within the church or God's kingdom today?**
* **In what ways does the phrase "all of them were expressed by name" affirm my personal value and significance in God's eyes, especially when I feel overlooked?**
* **What "behind-the-scenes" roles or tasks in my life or community might God be calling me to serve in with diligence and humility, knowing they are vital to His work?**

### FAQ
**Who were the Nethinims and what was their primary role?**

Answer: The Nethinims were a specific class of temple servants in ancient Israel, whose name literally means "the given ones" or "the dedicated ones." They were distinct from the priests and Levites, and are generally understood to be descendants of non-Israelites who had been dedicated to perpetual service to the sanctuary. Their primary role was to assist the Levites and priests by performing the more menial and laborious tasks associated with the temple, such as drawing water, hewing wood, and general maintenance. This freed the Levites and priests to focus on their more sacred duties of teaching, leading worship, and offering sacrifices. Their historical origin is often linked to the Gibeonites, whom Joshua dedicated to such service in [Joshua 9:27](/joshua/9-27 "Joshua 9:27 - The Gibeonites become temple servants").

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Ezra 8:20, with its emphasis on the Nethinims as "appointed for the service of the Levites" and "expressed by name," finds profound Christ-centered fulfillment in the New Covenant. Christ Himself is the ultimate Servant, who "did not come to be served, but to serve, and to give His life as a ransom for many" ([Matthew 20:28](/matthew/20-28 "Matthew 20:28 - Jesus' Purpose")). In Him, the Old Testament temple system, with its various roles and hierarchies, is transformed and fulfilled. The church, as the new temple of God, is built upon Christ as the cornerstone ([Ephesians 2:20](/ephesians/2-20 "Ephesians 2:20 - Christ the Cornerstone")), and all believers are now "living stones... being built into a spiritual house to be a holy priesthood" ([1 Peter 2:5](/1_peter/2-5 "1 Peter 2:5 - Believers as a Spiritual House")). There is no longer a distinction between "priests," "Levites," and "Nethinims" in terms of access to God or spiritual status; rather, all believers are united in Christ and gifted by the Spirit for diverse ministries within the one body ([1 Corinthians 12:4-7](/1_corinthians/12-4 "1 Corinthians 12:4-7 - Diversity of Gifts")). Just as the Nethinims were "expressed by name," Christ, the Good Shepherd, knows each of His sheep by name ([John 10:3](/john/10-3 "John 10:3 - The Good Shepherd Knows His Sheep")), and every member, regardless of their visible role, is invaluable and intricately woven into His divine purpose for the church. Through Christ, every act of service, no matter how humble, becomes a sacred act of worship, contributing to the building up of the body of Christ until we all reach unity in the faith and in the knowledge of the Son of God ([Ephesians 4:12-13](/ephesians/4-12 "Ephesians 4:12-13 - Equipping the Saints")).

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Ezra 2:43

The Nethinims: the children of Ziha, the children of Hasupha, the children of Tabbaoth,

Ezra 7:7

And there went up [some] of the children of Israel, and of the priests, and the Levites, and the singers, and the porters, and the Nethinims, unto Jerusalem, in the seventh year of Artaxerxes the king.

1 Chronicles 9:2

Now the first inhabitants that [dwelt] in their possessions in their cities [were], the Israelites, the priests, Levites, and the Nethinims.

Ezra 8:17

And I sent them with commandment unto Iddo the chief at the place Casiphia, and I told them what they should say unto Iddo, [and] to his brethren the Nethinims, at the place Casiphia, that they should bring unto us ministers for the house of our God.

Philippians 4:3

And I intreat thee also, true yokefellow, help those women which laboured with me in the gospel, with Clement also, and [with] other my fellowlabourers, whose names [are] in the book of life.