Matthew 8
Jesus Descends and Cleanses a Leper 1–4
The Faith of the Centurion 5–13
Healings in Capernaum 14–17
The Cost of Discipleship 18–22
Jesus Calms the Storm 23–27
Exorcism in the Gergesene Region 28–34
Bible text: King James Version (1769 Blayney text) · Public domain
Study Notes for Matthew 8
Verse 1
come down from the mountain — The mountain is that of the sermon, where 'he went up into a mountain' (Matt 5:1). The 'great multitudes' (ochlos, a throng) that followed are the same kind as in Matt 4:25. Chapters 8–9 turn from his words to his works: a leper, a centurion's servant, a storm, demons.
Verse 2
a leper and worshipped him — The Law bade the leper dwell 'alone; without the camp' and cry 'Unclean, unclean' (Lev 13:45–46). Proskuneo, 'worshipped', is bowing in homage. 'If thou wilt, thou canst' (thelo, dynamai) leaves the will to Christ and affirms his power; Luke 5:12 has the same plea.
Verse 3
put forth his hand, and touched him — The leper had been shut out from touch (Lev 13:46); Christ touches him and speaks, 'I will; be thou clean.' His own will answers the leper's 'if thou wilt' (v.2), and the cure is 'immediately', as in Ps 107:20, 'He sent his word, and healed them.'
Verse 4
shew thyself to the priest — Lev 14:2–4 sets out 'the law of the leper in the day of his cleansing': the priest examines him outside the camp, and the offerings follow. Christ sends him by that ordinance, 'for a testimony unto them', so that the priests themselves would see the cure. Luke 5:14 records the same charge.
Verse 5
a centurion — Hekatontarches, ruler of a hundred, a Roman officer, so a Gentile. Capernaum is where Christ made his home (Matt 4:13). Luke 7:1–10 tells the same event and adds that the centurion sent Jewish elders and friends; Matthew gives his own words to Jesus.
Verse 8
speak the word only — Logos, 'word': he asks no touch and no visit, the pattern of Ps 107:20, 'He sent his word, and healed them.' 'I am not worthy' (hikanos, fit, sufficient) is his reply to 'I will come' (v.7). Luke 7:6–7 gives the same plea in other words, spoken through friends.
Verse 10
he marvelled — Thaumazo, to wonder; Christ is said to marvel here at faith, and at unbelief in Mark 6:6. 'No, not in Israel' sets this Gentile's trust above that of the covenant people, a rebuke as well as praise. Luke 7:9 gives the same saying.
Verse 11
from the east and west — Fulfils the promise that the LORD's name 'shall be great among the Gentiles' from the rising to the going down of the sun (Mal 1:11). Luke 13:29 adds north and south. 'Sit down' (anaklino) is to recline at table with 'Abraham, and Isaac, and Jacob', a feast in 'the kingdom of heaven'.
Verse 12
children of the kingdom — Literally sons of the kingdom (huios): those born to its promises, here Israelites who refuse its King. 'Outer darkness' with 'weeping and gnashing of teeth' returns in Matt 25:30; Luke 13:28 places the same words beside the patriarchs in the kingdom of God.
Verse 14
Peter's house — Mark 1:29 names it 'the house of Simon and Andrew', entered from the synagogue. Peter had a wife, and Paul later asks, 'Have we not power to lead about a sister, a wife… and Cephas?' (1 Cor 9:5). 'Sick of a fever' is pyresso, to burn, from the word for fire.
Verse 15
he touched her hand — Christ heals by a touch, and the fever 'left her' (aphiemi, to send away, the common word for forgiving and leaving). She 'arose' (egeiro, raised up) and 'ministered' (diakoneo, waited on): the cure is complete at once. Luke 4:39 says he 'rebuked the fever'.
Verse 17
Himself took our infirmities — Matthew cites Isa 53:4, 'Surely he hath borne our griefs, and carried our sorrows.' He renders it with lambano, to take, and bastazo, to bear, and applies it to the healings of v.16. Peter reads the same chapter of the cross: 'bare our sins in his own body on the tree' (1 Pet 2:24).
Verse 18
the other side — The east shore of the lake, where the next scene takes place (v.28). Christ's command to cross follows the 'great multitudes' of v.1 and v.18 itself. Mark 4:35 places the crossing on the evening of the same day, and Luke 8:22 has 'Let us go over unto the other side of the lake.'
Verse 20
the Son of man — Christ's usual title for himself, drawn from Daniel's vision of 'one like the Son of man' who came 'with the clouds of heaven' to the Ancient of days (Dan 7:13). Here it sits beside homelessness: the animals have pholeos (burrow) and kataskenosis (perch), but he has no place 'to lay his head'.
Verse 22
let the dead bury their dead — Nekros, dead, is used twice: the spiritually dead bury the physically dead. The call 'Follow me' (akoloutheo) is the verb of v.1 and of the scribe's promise in v.19. Luke 9:60 adds the charge that follows: 'go thou and preach the kingdom of God.'
Verse 23
his disciples followed him — The verb akoloutheo, 'followed', is the one of vv.1, 19 and 22, now literally into a boat. The disciples who follow him into the lake are the ones who meet the storm (v.24); Mark 4:36 adds that 'other little ships' were with him.
Verse 24
a great tempest — Seismos, a shaking, the same word rendered 'earthquake' in Matt 24:7 and 27:54; here it is the lake that is shaken. 'Covered with the waves' (kalypto) shows the boat nearly swamped, while 'he was asleep' (katheudo); Mark 4:38 adds 'on a pillow' in the stern.
Verse 26
O ye of little faith — Oligopistos, one word, used by Christ also of anxiety about food and clothing (Matt 6:30). He rebukes the 'winds and the sea'; the LORD alone 'rulest the raging of the sea' (Ps 89:9) and 'maketh the storm a calm' (Ps 107:29).
Verse 27
What manner of man — Potapos, of what sort. The question is answered by the psalms: it is the LORD who makes the storm a calm, 'so that the waves thereof are still' (Ps 107:29), and who rules the sea (Ps 89:9). 'Obey' (hypakouo) is the word for hearing and submitting.
Verse 28
the Gergesenes — The name is tied to the Girgashites, one of the nations listed for the land (Gen 15:21; Deut 7:1). Mark 5:1 and Luke 8:26 give 'Gadarenes' for the same country, and mention one man where Matthew has 'two'. 'Exceeding fierce' is chalepos, dangerous.
Verse 29
Son of God… before the time — The demons give him the title the tempter used (Matt 4:3). 'Torment' (basanizo) is torture, and 'the time' (kairos, appointed season) is the day of judgment: Scripture says the angels that sinned are 'reserved unto judgment' (2 Pet 2:4).
Verse 30
an herd of many swine — The Law named the swine unclean: 'he is unclean to you' (Lev 11:7; Deut 14:8). Their presence marks this as a country outside the ordinary life of Israel. Mark 5:11 places the herd near the mountains and 5:13 gives the number, 'about two thousand'.
Verse 32
And he said unto them, Go — Hypago, depart; one word of Christ's, and the unclean spirits can enter only where he allows (v.31). The herd 'ran violently' (hormao, rushed) 'down a steep place' (kremnos, a precipice) into the sea. Mark 5:13 gives 'about two thousand'.
Verse 34
depart out of their coasts — Horion, a boundary or district. The city came out to meet him, and asked him to leave; Luke 8:37 says they 'were taken with great fear'. The man who had been possessed asked to go with him (Mark 5:18) and was sent home instead.