1 Peter 5:3

KJV

Neither as being lords over [God's] heritage, but being ensamples to the flock.

KJV (with Strong's)

Neither {G3366} as {G5613} being lords over {G2634} God's heritage {G2819}, but {G235} being {G1096} ensamples {G5179} to the flock {G4168}.

Complete Jewish Bible

also not as machers domineering over those in your care, but as people who become examples to the flock.

Berean Standard Bible

not lording it over those entrusted to you, but being examples to the flock.

American Standard Version

neither as lording it over the charge allotted to you, but making yourselves ensamples to the flock.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
First Peter 5:3 serves as a crucial directive for spiritual leaders, specifically elders, within the Christian community. It issues a dual command: first, a prohibition against exercising domineering authority over God's people, emphasizing that believers are His cherished possession, not a leader's personal domain. Second, it provides a positive injunction, calling leaders to embody exemplary conduct, serving as living models of faith, humility, and Christ-like character for the entire congregation. This verse underscores a fundamental principle of biblical leadership: influence is gained through sacrificial service and integrity, not through coercion or hierarchical power.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** This verse is an integral part of Peter's direct exhortation to the elders of the church, beginning in [1 Peter 5:1](/1_peter/5-1 "1 Peter 5:1 - Peter's Exhortation to Elders"). Having identified himself as a "fellow elder" and "witness of the sufferings of Christ," Peter appeals to those in leadership to "shepherd the flock of God among you" ([1 Peter 5:2](/1_peter/5-2 "1 Peter 5:2 - Shepherding God's Flock Willingly")). The preceding verse sets the stage by defining the *manner* of shepherding—not by compulsion but willingly, not for financial gain but eagerly. [1 Peter 5:3](/1_peter/5-3 "1 Peter 5:3 - Shepherding God's Flock") then elaborates on the *spirit* of leadership, specifically condemning oppressive authority and promoting leadership by example. This instruction is immediately followed by a promise of reward from the "Chief Shepherd" ([1 Peter 5:4](/1_peter/5-4 "1 Peter 5:4 - The Chief Shepherd's Reward")), and a broader call to humility for all believers in [1 Peter 5:5-7](/1_peter/5-5-7 "1 Peter 5:5-7 - Humility and Trust in God"), demonstrating the interconnectedness of leadership and communal humility within Peter's overall message.

* **Historical & Cultural Context:** Peter's letter was addressed to scattered believers in Asia Minor, likely facing persecution and social pressure. In the Greco-Roman world of the first century, leadership was typically characterized by a top-down, authoritarian structure, often involving the exercise of power and dominion over subordinates. Rulers and masters held absolute sway, and their authority was often enforced through coercion. Peter's instruction directly challenges this prevailing cultural norm, presenting a distinctly counter-cultural model of leadership derived from Christ's own example. The early church, as a nascent movement, needed clear guidance on how to structure its internal governance in a way that reflected its unique theological principles, rather than simply replicating secular power dynamics. This context highlights the radical nature of Peter's call for humble, servant-hearted leadership.

* **Key Themes:** The central themes embedded in [1 Peter 5:3](/1_peter/5-3 "1 Peter 5:3 - Shepherding God's Flock") are **Servant Leadership**, which stands in stark contrast to worldly models of power; **Stewardship**, emphasizing that leaders are entrusted with God's people, not owners of them; and **Humility**, a virtue Peter champions throughout his epistle, particularly in [1 Peter 5:5-7](/1_peter/5-5-7 "1 Peter 5:5-7 - Humility and Trust in God"). The verse also implicitly addresses the theme of **God's Ownership** of His people, referring to them as "God's heritage," reinforcing that all authority ultimately belongs to Him. By rejecting "lording over" and advocating for "being ensamples," Peter articulates a foundational principle for healthy spiritual communities, reflecting the values of the kingdom of God rather than the kingdoms of this world, a principle echoed in Jesus' own teachings on leadership found in [Mark 10:42-45](/mark/10-42-45 "Mark 10:42-45 - Jesus' Teaching on Servant Leadership").

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS

#### Key Word Analysis
* **lords over (Greek, _katakyrieúō'_):** This compound verb, derived from _katá_ (down, against) and _kyrieúō_ (to be lord, rule), literally means "to lord against" or "to exercise dominion over." It carries a strong connotation of oppressive, harsh, or despotic rule. It's the same term used in [Matthew 20:25](/matthew/20-25 "Matthew 20:25 - Gentile Rulers Exercise Dominion") and [Mark 10:42](/mark/10-42 "Mark 10:42 - Gentile Rulers Exercise Dominion") to describe the way Gentile rulers "exercise dominion over" their subjects—a practice Jesus explicitly forbade among His disciples. Peter's use of this word emphatically condemns any form of leadership that seeks to control, coerce, or subjugate believers rather than serving them.
* **heritage (Greek, _klēros'_):** While often translated as "inheritance" or "lot," in this context, _klēros_ refers to the "portion" or "share" of God's people entrusted to the care of the elders. It signifies that the believers are God's chosen possession, His "allotment," much like Israel was His "peculiar treasure" ([Exodus 19:5](/exodus/19-5 "Exodus 19:5 - Israel as God's Treasured Possession")). This term underscores that the church does not belong to the leaders, but to God, reminding leaders of their accountability to the true Owner for how they steward His precious people.
* **ensamples (Greek, _týpos'_):** From this word, we derive "type" or "pattern." It refers to a model, a stamp, or an impression that serves as a guide for imitation or a warning. In this context, it means that leaders are to be living illustrations of Christian character and conduct, providing a visible standard for the congregation to follow. Their lives, actions, and attitudes should serve as a practical demonstration of what it means to live out the Christian faith, making them worthy of emulation.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"Neither as being lords over [God's] heritage":** This is a strong negative injunction, directly forbidding a particular style of leadership. "Lords over" (katakyrieúō) implies an oppressive, authoritarian, or dictatorial exercise of power, where leaders treat those under their care as personal subjects or possessions. The phrase "[God's] heritage" (klēros) is crucial here, emphasizing that the believers belong to God, not to the human leaders. Leaders are merely stewards of God's precious people, and to "lord over" them is to usurp God's rightful ownership and authority. This clause warns against pride, self-aggrandizement, and the abuse of spiritual authority.
* **"but being ensamples to the flock.":** This is the positive counter-command, defining the true nature of biblical leadership. Instead of dominating, leaders are to be "ensamples" (typos)—models, patterns, or examples—to "the flock" (poímnion), which is a common biblical metaphor for God's people. This means that genuine spiritual influence is cultivated through a life of integrity, humility, and Christ-like character that others can observe and emulate. Leaders are called to embody the teachings they preach, demonstrating what it means to follow Christ through their actions, attitudes, and service. Their leadership is not about wielding power, but about living a life worthy of imitation, inspiring and guiding the flock through personal example.

#### Literary Devices
Peter employs several powerful **Literary Devices** in this concise verse. The most prominent is **Antithesis** or **Contrast**, where he juxtaposes two opposing models of leadership: the forbidden "lording over" versus the commanded "being ensamples." This stark contrast clarifies the unacceptable and acceptable forms of authority within the church. He also uses **Metaphor**, referring to believers as "God's heritage" and "the flock," while leaders are implicitly "shepherds" (building on [1 Peter 5:2](/1_peter/5-2 "1 Peter 5:2 - Shepherding God's Flock Willingly")). The metaphor of the "flock" evokes images of care, protection, and guidance, underscoring the nurturing role of leadership. Furthermore, the verse functions as a direct **Exhortation** or **Imperative**, providing clear, actionable guidance for those in positions of spiritual oversight. The term "ensamples" itself functions as a **Symbolism** of a living pattern or blueprint for Christian conduct.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
First Peter 5:3 profoundly shapes our understanding of spiritual authority, rooting it not in worldly power structures, but in the humble, self-sacrificial model of Christ. It affirms that the church belongs to God alone, making leaders stewards, not owners, of His people. This perspective safeguards against clericalism and authoritarianism, promoting a relational, servant-oriented leadership that fosters spiritual growth and health within the community. The verse underscores the theological truth that true influence in God's kingdom flows from character and example, aligning with the broader biblical emphasis on humility as a prerequisite for divine favor and effective service. It also highlights the importance of accountability, as leaders are ultimately answerable to the Chief Shepherd for how they tend His flock.

* [Matthew 20:25-28](/matthew/20-25-28 "Matthew 20:25-28 - Servant Leadership") - "But Jesus called them to Himself and said, 'You know that the rulers of the Gentiles lord it over them, and their great men exercise authority over them. It is not this way among you, but whoever wishes to become great among you shall be your servant; and whoever wishes to be first among you shall be your slave; just as the Son of Man did not come to be served, but to serve, and to give His life a ransom for many.'"
* [John 10:11-13](/john/10-11-13 "John 10:11-13 - The Good Shepherd") - "I am the good shepherd; the good shepherd lays down His life for the sheep. He who is a hired hand, and not a shepherd, who is not the owner of the sheep, sees the wolf coming, and leaves the sheep and flees, and the wolf snatches them and scatters them. He flees because he is a hired hand and does not care about the sheep."
* [Hebrews 13:7](/hebrews/13-7 "Hebrews 13:7 - Imitating Leaders") - "Remember those who led you, who spoke the word of God to you; and considering the result of their conduct, imitate their faith."

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
First Peter 5:3 offers a timeless and counter-cultural blueprint for leadership, particularly within spiritual contexts. For those in positions of oversight, it serves as a powerful reminder that their authority is derived from God and is to be exercised with humility, care, and a deep sense of stewardship. It calls leaders to a profound self-awareness, challenging them to examine their motives and methods, ensuring they are driven by love for God and His people, rather than by a desire for power, recognition, or personal gain. The greatest impact a spiritual leader can have is not through decrees or demands, but through the consistent, authentic witness of a life lived in submission to Christ. For congregants, this verse provides a framework for discerning healthy leadership and encourages them to follow leaders who genuinely embody Christ-like character, rather than those who seek to control or manipulate. It fosters an environment of trust, mutual respect, and spiritual flourishing where all members are valued as God's precious heritage.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **For leaders:** In what specific ways might I be tempted to "lord over" God's heritage, either subtly or overtly, and how can I actively resist this temptation?
* **For leaders:** What tangible steps can I take to ensure my life and ministry truly serve as a Christ-like "ensample" to the flock entrusted to my care?
* **For all believers:** How does understanding God's ownership of the church (His "heritage") impact my view of leadership and my role within the community?

### FAQ

**What does Peter mean by "God's heritage" in this context?**
Answer: In [1 Peter 5:3](/1_peter/5-3 "1 Peter 5:3 - Shepherding God's Flock"), the Greek word for "heritage" is _klēros_ (G2819). While it can mean an inheritance or a lot, in this specific context, it refers to God's "portion" or "allotment"—that is, the people of God themselves. It emphasizes that believers are God's chosen possession, His special people, not the property or personal domain of human leaders. This concept reminds elders that they are stewards, entrusted with precious souls who ultimately belong to the Chief Shepherd, Jesus Christ. Their responsibility is to care for these people on God's behalf, recognizing His ultimate ownership and authority over the church.

**How does this verse relate to the concept of authority in the church? Does it mean leaders have no authority?**
Answer: [1 Peter 5:3](/1_peter/5-3 "1 Peter 5:3 - Shepherding God's Flock") does not negate the concept of authority in the church, but rather defines its nature and proper exercise. It condemns a specific *type* of authority—that which is domineering, oppressive, or self-serving, characterized by "lording over" others. Biblical authority, as modeled by Christ, is fundamentally servant-oriented. Leaders *do* have authority, but it is an authority to serve, to guide, to teach, and to protect the flock, not to control or exploit them. Their influence should stem from their exemplary character and faithful adherence to God's word, inspiring voluntary submission and imitation, rather than demanding obedience through coercion. This aligns with Jesus' teaching in [Matthew 20:25-28](/matthew/20-25-28 "Matthew 20:25-28 - Servant Leadership"), where He contrasts the way Gentile rulers "lord it over" their subjects with the servant-hearted leadership expected of His disciples.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
First Peter 5:3 finds its ultimate and most profound fulfillment in the person and ministry of Jesus Christ. He is the quintessential "ensample" to the flock, the perfect model of leadership that Peter exhorts elders to emulate. Unlike earthly rulers who "lord it over" their subjects, Jesus, though Lord of all, came "not to be served, but to serve, and to give His life a ransom for many" ([Mark 10:45](/mark/10-45 "Mark 10:45 - Jesus Came to Serve")). He did not exploit or dominate His "heritage"—the people of God—but rather laid down His life for them, demonstrating the ultimate act of selfless love and service ([John 10:11](/john/10-11 "John 10:11 - The Good Shepherd")). His entire earthly life was a living pattern (_týpos_) of humility, obedience, and compassion, providing the perfect blueprint for those who would lead in His name. He is the "Chief Shepherd" ([1 Peter 5:4](/1_peter/5-4 "1 Peter 5:4 - The Chief Shepherd's Reward")), who perfectly embodies the principles of leading by example, caring for His flock, and never abusing His divine authority. Therefore, for any spiritual leader, looking to Christ is not merely an act of reverence but a practical necessity for understanding and embodying the true essence of biblical leadership, as encouraged in [Philippians 2:5-8](/philippians/2-5-8 "Philippians 2:5-8 - Christ's Humility").

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Philippians 3:17

¶ Brethren, be followers together of me, and mark them which walk so as ye have us for an ensample.

2 Thessalonians 3:9

Not because we have not power, but to make ourselves an ensample unto you to follow us.

Ezekiel 34:4

The diseased have ye not strengthened, neither have ye healed that which was sick, neither have ye bound up [that which was] broken, neither have ye brought again that which was driven away, neither have ye sought that which was lost; but with force and with cruelty have ye ruled them.

Matthew 20:25

But Jesus called them [unto him], and said, Ye know that the princes of the Gentiles exercise dominion over them, and they that are great exercise authority upon them.

Matthew 20:26

But it shall not be so among you: but whosoever will be great among you, let him be your minister;

2 Corinthians 1:24

Not for that we have dominion over your faith, but are helpers of your joy: for by faith ye stand.

1 Timothy 4:12

Let no man despise thy youth; but be thou an example of the believers, in word, in conversation, in charity, in spirit, in faith, in purity.