1 John 2:28

KJV

¶ And now, little children, abide in him; that, when he shall appear, we may have confidence, and not be ashamed before him at his coming.

KJV (with Strong's)

And {G2532} now {G3568}, little children {G5040}, abide {G3306} in {G1722} him {G846}; that {G2443}, when {G3752} he shall appear {G5319}, we may have {G2192} confidence {G3954}, and {G2532} not {G3361} be ashamed {G153} before {G575} him {G846} at {G1722} his {G846} coming {G3952}.

Complete Jewish Bible

And now, children, remain united with him; so that when he appears, we may have confidence and not shrink back from him in shame at his coming.

Berean Standard Bible

And now, little children, remain in Christ, so that when He appears, we may be confident and unashamed before Him at His coming.

American Standard Version

And now, my little children, abide in him; that, if he shall be manifested, we may have boldness, and not be ashamed before him at his coming.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
First John 2:28 serves as a pivotal pastoral exhortation, urging believers, whom the Apostle affectionately calls "little children," to maintain a continuous and intimate union with Jesus Christ. This abiding relationship is presented as the essential prerequisite for facing Christ's glorious return with joyful confidence rather than the profound shame that would accompany spiritual negligence or unfaithfulness. The verse underscores the eschatological hope of Christ's appearing and the present imperative for believers to live in faithful communion with Him, thereby securing their assurance for that decisive day.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** This verse concludes a significant section (1 John 2:18-28) where John addresses the threat of antichrists and false teachers who deny the Son and the Father. He has just warned against those who "went out from us, but they were not of us" ([1 John 2:19](/1_john/2-19 "1 John 2:19 - Departure of False Teachers")). In contrast to these apostates, John reassures his "little children" of their anointing from the Holy One and their knowledge of the truth ([1 John 2:20](/1_john/2-20 "1 John 2:20 - Anointing from the Holy One")). He emphasizes the importance of remaining in what they have heard from the beginning, specifically the truth about Jesus as the Christ, the Son of God ([1 John 2:24](/1_john/2-24 "1 John 2:24 - Abiding in the Original Teaching")). Therefore, the command to "abide in him" in verse 28 is a direct continuation and culmination of his earlier warnings and exhortations to steadfastness in the face of doctrinal error and spiritual deception. It links the present reality of their faith and obedience to the future certainty of Christ's return.
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** The epistle of 1 John was likely written in Ephesus towards the end of the first century, a time when early Christian communities faced internal challenges from proto-Gnostic teachings. These false doctrines often denied the true humanity of Christ (Docetism) or separated the divine Christ from the human Jesus, thereby undermining the efficacy of His atonement. John's repeated emphasis on "abiding" (Greek: _menō_) in Christ and in the truth they received "from the beginning" directly counters these emerging heresies. The concept of "appearing" (Greek: _phaneroō_) and "coming" (Greek: _parousía_) would resonate with the widespread expectation among early Christians of Christ's imminent return, a hope that provided both comfort and a strong impetus for holy living. The idea of standing "before him" with "confidence" or "shame" would have been a powerful image for a culture that highly valued honor and dreaded public disgrace, especially before an authoritative figure.
* **Key Themes:** First John 2:28 encapsulates several overarching themes prevalent throughout the epistle and John's broader theology. The **theme of abiding** is central, signifying a continuous, intimate, and dependent relationship with Christ, which is the source of spiritual life and truth. This abiding is not passive but involves active obedience and adherence to the apostolic teaching, especially concerning the person of Jesus Christ. Another crucial theme is **eschatological expectation**, specifically the certainty of Christ's second coming, referred to as His "appearing" and "coming." This future event serves as a powerful motivator for present faithfulness. Related to this is the **theme of assurance versus shame**. John consistently highlights the possibility of believers having full assurance and confidence in their relationship with God, particularly in the face of judgment or Christ's return, as seen in passages like [1 John 3:21](/1_john/3-21 "1 John 3:21 - Confidence Before God") and [1 John 4:17](/1_john/4-17 "1 John 4:17 - Confidence in the Day of Judgment"). The inverse, experiencing shame, underscores the gravity of spiritual negligence or compromise. Ultimately, the verse reinforces the **importance of sound doctrine** and steadfastness in truth as the foundation for a confident and unashamed standing before the returning Lord.

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS

#### Key Word Analysis
* **Little children (Greek, _tekníon'_):** This diminutive term, meaning "infant" or "darling," is used by John frequently in his epistle (e.g., [1 John 2:1](/1_john/2-1 "1 John 2:1 - My Little Children")). It conveys a deep sense of spiritual paternity, tenderness, and affection from the aged apostle to his spiritual offspring. It highlights the intimate, familial relationship between John and his readers, fostering a sense of trust and receptivity to his pastoral guidance.
* **Abide (Greek, _ménō'_):** This primary verb signifies to "stay," "continue," "dwell," or "remain." In Johannine theology, "abiding in Him" (or "in Christ," "in God," "in His word") denotes a continuous, intimate, and active union with Jesus Christ. It implies a state of persistent fellowship, dependence, and obedience, where the believer draws life, truth, and power from Christ, much like a branch abides in the vine ([John 15:4](/john/15-4 "John 15:4 - Abide in Me")). This is not a static concept but a dynamic, living relationship.
* **Confidence (Greek, _parrhēsía'_):** Derived from words meaning "all out-spokenness," this term signifies frankness, bluntness, publicity, and by implication, assurance or boldness. In a spiritual context, it refers to the unhindered access and joyful assurance believers can have before God. It stands in stark contrast to fear or shame and is a hallmark of a healthy, trusting relationship with the divine. Here, it specifically refers to the boldness believers will possess at Christ's return if they have faithfully abided in Him.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"And now, little children,"**: John transitions from his previous warnings and reassurances to a direct, tender, and urgent pastoral appeal. The term "little children" (_tekníon_) sets a tone of affectionate instruction, emphasizing the intimate bond between the apostle and his flock.
* **"abide in him;"**: This is the central imperative of the verse and a foundational theme in John's writings. It commands a continuous, active, and intimate union with Jesus Christ. This "abiding" involves living in obedience to His commands, remaining in His truth, and drawing spiritual life from Him. It is the ongoing, faithful relationship that prepares one for the future.
* **"that, when he shall appear,"**: This clause introduces the purpose and motivation for abiding. "When he shall appear" (Greek: _hótan phaneróō_) points to the future, visible manifestation of Jesus Christ. It emphasizes the certainty of His return and the eschatological horizon towards which believers live. The purpose clause (_hína_) indicates that abiding is the means to a desired end concerning this future event.
* **"we may have confidence,"**: This is the positive outcome of faithful abiding. "Confidence" (Greek: _parrhēsía_) signifies boldness, assurance, and unhindered access. It implies a joyful, unashamed standing before Christ, knowing that one's life has been lived in faithful union with Him. This confidence is rooted in Christ's work and the believer's consistent walk.
* **"and not be ashamed before him at his coming."**: This is the negative outcome to be avoided, the antithesis of confidence. "Ashamed" (Greek: _aischýnomai_) means to feel shame, disgrace, or regret. To be ashamed "before him at his coming" (Greek: _apó autoû en autou parousía_) implies a deep sense of regret, guilt, or spiritual embarrassment due to unfaithfulness, spiritual negligence, or a lack of genuine abiding. "His coming" (Greek: _parousía_) refers to the return or advent of Christ, emphasizing the definitive nature of this future encounter.

#### Literary Devices
The verse effectively employs several literary devices to convey its urgent message. **Apostrophe** is evident in John's direct address, "little children," which immediately establishes a personal, tender, and authoritative tone. The entire verse functions as a powerful **Exhortation**, a direct command and encouragement for believers to maintain their spiritual posture. There is a clear **Contrast** and **Antithesis** between the two potential outcomes at Christ's return: "confidence" versus "not be ashamed." This stark juxtaposition highlights the critical importance of the present command to "abide." The use of the **purpose clause** ("that, when he shall appear...") clearly articulates the teleological aim of the exhortation, linking present action to future consequence.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
First John 2:28 powerfully connects the present reality of a believer's walk with the future certainty of Christ's return, emphasizing that a vibrant, abiding relationship with Jesus is the foundation for eschatological assurance. The call to "abide in him" echoes the New Testament's consistent emphasis on union with Christ as the source of all spiritual life and fruitfulness. This union is not merely a theological concept but a lived reality of dependence, obedience, and intimate fellowship. The promise of "confidence" at His appearing speaks to the believer's hope of a blameless standing before the holy God, not based on personal merit, but on the transformative power of Christ's indwelling presence. Conversely, the warning against being "ashamed" serves as a sober reminder of the consequences of spiritual complacency or a departure from faithful communion, underscoring the vital importance of perseverance in faith.

* [John 15:4](/john/15-4 "John 15:4 - Abide in Me") - "Abide in me, and I in you. As the branch cannot bear fruit of itself, except it abide in the vine; no more can ye, except ye abide in me."
* [Hebrews 10:19-22](/hebrews/10-19-22 "Hebrews 10:19-22 - Boldness to Enter the Holiest") - "Having therefore, brethren, boldness to enter into the holiest by the blood of Jesus... Let us draw near with a true heart in full assurance of faith..."
* [2 Timothy 4:8](/2_timothy/4-8 "2 Timothy 4:8 - The Crown of Righteousness") - "Henceforth there is laid up for me a crown of righteousness, which the Lord, the righteous judge, shall give me at that day: and not to me only, but unto all them also that love his appearing."

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
The profound message of 1 John 2:28 calls believers to an active and continuous engagement with Jesus Christ, not as a burdensome duty, but as the very source of life and future hope. To "abide in him" means to consciously choose to remain in His love, His word, and His presence, allowing His truth to shape our thoughts and His Spirit to guide our actions. This abiding is the antidote to spiritual drift and the foundation for genuine spiritual growth. In a world filled with distractions and competing allegiances, John's exhortation reminds us that our ultimate focus must be on Christ and His certain return. Living with the awareness of His appearing should inspire us to live lives of integrity, faithfulness, and loving obedience, ensuring that when we stand before Him, our hearts will be filled with joy and confidence, not regret or shame. It challenges us to examine the quality of our current communion with Christ and to re-prioritize our lives around this most vital relationship.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **What does "abiding in him" practically look like in my daily life?**
* **How does the certainty of Christ's return influence my present choices and priorities?**
* **What areas of my life might cause me to feel "ashamed" before Christ at His coming, and what steps can I take to address them?**
* **How can I cultivate a deeper sense of "confidence" in my relationship with Christ, even amidst my imperfections?**

### FAQ

**What does it mean to "abide in him"?**

Answer: To "abide in him" means to maintain a continuous, intimate, and dependent relationship with Jesus Christ. It's a dynamic state of remaining in His love, His teachings, and His presence, much like a branch remains connected to the vine to receive life and bear fruit ([John 15:4-5](/john/15-4-5 "John 15:4-5 - Abide in the Vine")). It involves ongoing faith, obedience to His commands, and drawing spiritual nourishment directly from Him through prayer, His Word, and fellowship with other believers. It's about living in conscious union with Christ as the source of all spiritual vitality.

**Why is it important to "abide" for Christ's "appearing" or "coming"?**

Answer: Abiding in Christ is crucial because it prepares believers to stand before Him with confidence and without shame at His return. The "appearing" (Greek: _phaneróō_) and "coming" (Greek: _parousía_) refer to the Second Coming of Jesus Christ, a definitive event where all will give an account. Those who have faithfully abided in Him will be found in a state of grace and obedience, having allowed His life to transform them. This ensures they will face Him with joyful assurance, knowing their lives have been lived in union with their Lord, rather than with the regret or spiritual embarrassment that would accompany a life lived apart from Him. It's about being found faithful and prepared for the Master's return ([Matthew 25:1-13](/matthew/25-1-13 "Matthew 25:1-13 - Parable of the Ten Virgins")).

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
First John 2:28 finds its ultimate fulfillment and deepest meaning in the person and work of Jesus Christ. The very possibility of "abiding in him" is a direct result of Christ's redemptive work. He is the true Vine into whom believers are grafted, enabling them to bear fruit and remain in a life-giving union ([John 15:5](/john/15-5 "John 15:5 - Christ as the True Vine")). Our "confidence" at His appearing is not based on our own merit or perfect performance, but entirely on His finished work on the cross, which grants us access to God's presence. It is through His blood that we have "boldness to enter into the holiest" ([Hebrews 10:19](/hebrews/10-19 "Hebrews 10:19 - Boldness by the Blood of Jesus")). Furthermore, the promise that we will "not be ashamed" is secured by Christ's imputed righteousness; He became sin for us "that we might be made the righteousness of God in him" ([2 Corinthians 5:21](/2_corinthians/5-21 "2 Corinthians 5:21 - Christ Our Righteousness")). His "appearing" and "coming" are the culmination of God's redemptive plan, the glorious return of the King who will gather His faithful ones and perfect His kingdom. Our hope of standing unashamed is rooted in His faithfulness to complete the work He began in us ([Philippians 1:6](/philippians/1-6 "Philippians 1:6 - God's Faithfulness to Complete His Work")) and His intercession for us as our High Priest ([Hebrews 7:25](/hebrews/7-25 "Hebrews 7:25 - Christ Our Intercessor")). Thus, 1 John 2:28 is a powerful Christ-centered exhortation, calling us to live in the reality of what He has already accomplished and what He will ultimately complete.

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

1 John 4:17

¶ Herein is our love made perfect, that we may have boldness in the day of judgment: because as he is, so are we in this world.

Mark 8:38

Whosoever therefore shall be ashamed of me and of my words in this adulterous and sinful generation; of him also shall the Son of man be ashamed, when he cometh in the glory of his Father with the holy angels.

1 John 3:2

Beloved, now are we the sons of God, and it doth not yet appear what we shall be: but we know that, when he shall appear, we shall be like him; for we shall see him as he is.

1 John 3:21

Beloved, if our heart condemn us not, [then] have we confidence toward God.

Colossians 3:4

When Christ, [who is] our life, shall appear, then shall ye also appear with him in glory.

1 John 2:1

¶ My little children, these things write I unto you, that ye sin not. And if any man sin, we have an advocate with the Father, Jesus Christ the righteous:

1 Thessalonians 3:13

To the end he may stablish your hearts unblameable in holiness before God, even our Father, at the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ with all his saints.