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circa 1010–970 BC
The Reign of David
David unites the tribes, conquers Jerusalem, and establishes Israel's golden age—even through deep personal failure.
- 2 Samuel 3:17c. 1048 BC
Then Avner conferred with the leaders of Isra'el. He said, "In the past, you wanted David to be king over you.
- 2 Samuel 3:18c. 1048 BC
So now, do it. For ADONAI has said of David, 'Through my servant David I will rescue my people Isra'el from the power of the P'lishtim and from the power of all their enemies.'"
- 2 Samuel 3:19c. 1048 BC
Avner also spoke with the people of Binyamin. Then Avner went to Hevron and reported to David everything that had been agreed to by Isra'el and the house of Binyamin.
- 2 Samuel 3:20c. 1048 BC
When Avner came to David in Hevron he brought twenty men with him. David held a feast for Avner and his men.
- 2 Samuel 3:21c. 1048 BC
Avner said to David, "I must get up and go to gather all Isra'el to my lord the king, so that they can make a covenant with you. Then you will be able to rule over everything your heart desires." David sent Avner off, giving him safe conduct.
- 2 Samuel 3:22c. 1048 BC
Just then David's men and Yo'av returned from a raid, bringing a lot of plunder with them. But Avner was not with David in Hevron, because he had sent him off under safe conduct.
- 2 Samuel 3:23c. 1048 BC
When Yo'av and all his army had arrived, Yo'av was told, "Avner the son of Ner came to the king, but he sent him off, and he has left under safe conduct."
- 2 Samuel 3:24c. 1048 BC
Yo'av went to the king and said, "What have you done? Here, Avner came to you, and you sent him away, and now he's gone! Why?
- 2 Samuel 3:25c. 1048 BC
You know Avner the son of Ner - he came only to deceive you, to learn what campaigns you're planning and to find out everything you're doing!"
- 2 Samuel 3:26c. 1048 BC
After leaving David, Yo'av sent messengers after Avner, and they brought him back from the water cistern at Sirah without David's knowledge.
- 2 Samuel 3:27c. 1048 BC
Upon Avner's return to Hevron, Yo'av took him aside into the space between the outer and inner city gates as if to speak with him privately; and there he struck him in the groin, so that he died - thus avenging the death of 'Asah'el his brother.
- 2 Samuel 3:28c. 1048 BC
Afterwards, when David heard of it, he said, "I and my kingdom are forever innocent of the death of Avner the son of Ner.
- 2 Samuel 3:29c. 1048 BC
Let it fall on the head of Yo'av and all his father's family. May Yo'av's family always have someone with a hemorrhage or tzara'at, or who has to walk with a cane, or who dies by the sword or who lacks food."
- 2 Samuel 3:30c. 1048 BC
Thus Yo'av and Avishai his brother killed Avner, because he had killed their brother 'Asah'el during the battle in Giv'on.
- 2 Samuel 3:31c. 1048 BC
But David said to Yo'av and all those with him, "Tear your clothes, put on sackcloth, and mourn over Avner." King David himself walked behind the body as it was carried.
- 2 Samuel 3:32c. 1048 BC
They buried Avner at Hevron; the king wept aloud at Avner's grave, and all the people wept.
- 2 Samuel 3:33c. 1048 BC
The king sang this lament over Avner: "Should Avner have died like a thug?
- 2 Samuel 3:34c. 1048 BC
Your hands weren't tied, your feet weren't fettered; you fell like one who falls at the hands of criminals." Then all the people wept over him more than ever.
- 2 Samuel 3:35c. 1048 BC
All the people came to David and tried to make him eat some bread while it was still daytime; but David swore, "May God bring terrible curses on me and worse ones yet if I taste bread or anything else until the sun goes down."
- 2 Samuel 3:36c. 1048 BC
All the people took note of this, and it pleased them; whatever the king did pleased all the people.
- 2 Samuel 3:37c. 1048 BC
So that day, all the people and all Isra'el understood that the king had had no part in the killing of Avner the son of Ner.
- 2 Samuel 3:38c. 1048 BC
The king said to his servants, "You realize that a leader, a great man, has fallen today in Isra'el.
- 2 Samuel 3:39c. 1048 BC
Even though I have just been anointed king, I feel weak today; and these men, the sons of Tz'ruyah, are too brutal for me. May ADONAI repay the criminal as his crime deserves!"
- 2 Samuel 4:1c. 1048 BC
When Ish-Boshet the son of Sha'ul heard that Avner had died in Hevron, his courage failed; and all Isra'el became alarmed.
- 2 Samuel 4:2c. 1048 BC
Sha'ul's son had two men who were captains of raiding parties, one called Ba'anah and the other Rekhav, sons of Rimmon the Be'eroti, of the people of Binyamin (for Be'erot is counted as part of Binyamin,