circa 1010–970 BC
The Reign of David
David unites the tribes, conquers Jerusalem, and establishes Israel's golden age—even through deep personal failure.
- 2 Samuel 20:19c. 1022 BC
We are among those in Isra'el who are peaceful and faithful. Why are you destroying a city and a mother in Isra'el? Why swallow up the inheritance of ADONAI?"
- 2 Samuel 20:20c. 1022 BC
Yo'av answered, "Heaven forbid! Heaven forbid that I should swallow or destroy anything!
- 2 Samuel 20:21c. 1022 BC
That's not how it is. Rather, a man from the hills of Efrayim, Sheva the son of Bikhri, has raised his hand against the king, against David. Just turn him over to me, and I will leave the city." The woman said to Yo'av, "All right, his head will be thrown to you over the wall."
- 2 Samuel 20:22c. 1022 BC
Then the woman went to all the people with her wise plan. They cut off the head of Sheva the son of Bikhri and threw it out to Yo'av. So he sounded the shofar, and they left the city, sending each man to his tent; while Yo'av returned to the king in Yerushalayim.
- 2 Samuel 20:23c. 1022 BC
Once again Yo'av was commander over the whole army of Isra'el, while B'nayah the son of Y'hoyada was over the K'reti and P'leti,
- 2 Samuel 20:24c. 1022 BC
Adoram was in charge of forced labor, Y'hoshafat the son of Achilud was secretary of state,
- 2 Samuel 20:25c. 1022 BC
Sh'va was recorder, Tzadok and Evyatar were cohanim,
- 2 Samuel 20:26c. 1022 BC
and 'Ira the Ya'iri was David's cohen.
- 2 Samuel 21:1c. 1018 BC
In David's time there was a famine that lasted three years, and David consulted ADONAI. ADONAI said, "It is because of Sha'ul and his bloodstained house, because he put to death the people of Giv'on."
- 2 Samuel 21:2c. 1018 BC
The king summoned the Giv'onim and said to them - these Giv'onim were not part of the people of Isra'el but from the remnant of the Emori; and the people of Isra'el had sworn to them; but Sha'ul, in his zeal for the people of Isra'el and Y'hudah, had sought to exterminate them -
- 2 Samuel 21:3c. 1018 BC
David said to the Giv'onim, "What should I do for you? With what should I make atonement, so that you will be able to bless ADONAI's heritage?"
- 2 Samuel 21:4c. 1018 BC
The Giv'onim said to him, "Our dispute with Sha'ul can't be resolved with silver or gold; and we don't have the right to put anyone in Isra'el to death." He said, "So, what do you say that I should do for you?"
- 2 Samuel 21:5c. 1018 BC
They answered the king, "The man who ruined us, who schemed against us so that we would cease to exist anywhere in Isra'el's territory -
- 2 Samuel 21:6c. 1018 BC
have seven of his male descendants handed over to us, and we will put them to death by hanging before ADONAI in Giv'ah of Sha'ul, whom ADONAI chose."The king said, "I will hand them over."
- 2 Samuel 21:7c. 1018 BC
But the king spared M'fivoshet, the son of Y'honatan the son of Sha'ul, because of the oath before ADONAI between David and Y'honatan the son of Sha'ul.
- 2 Samuel 21:8c. 1018 BC
The king took the two sons of Ritzpah the daughter of Ayah, whom she bore to Sha'ul, Armoni and M'fivoshet; and the five sons of Mikhal the daughter of Sha'ul, whom she bore to Adri'el the son of Barzillai the Mecholati;
- 2 Samuel 21:9c. 1018 BC
and handed them over to the Giv'onim, who hanged them on the hill before ADONAI. All seven died; they were put to death during the first days of the harvest season, at the beginning of the barley harvest.
- 2 Samuel 21:10c. 1018 BC
Ritzpah the daughter of Ayah took sackcloth, spread it out toward a cliff for herself and stayed there from the beginning of the harvest until water was poured out on the bodies from the sky, not letting the birds land on them during the day or the wild animals at night.
- 2 Samuel 21:11c. 1018 BC
David was told what Ritzpah the daughter of Ayah, the concubine of Sha'ul, had done.
- 2 Samuel 21:12c. 1018 BC
So David went and took the bones of Sha'ul and the bones of Y'honatan his son from the men of Yavesh-Gil'ad, who had stolen them from the open square of Beit-Sh'an, where the P'lishtim had hanged them at the time the P'lishtim had killed Sha'ul at Gilboa;
- 2 Samuel 21:13c. 1018 BC
and he brought up from there the bones of Sha'ul and the bones of Y'honatan his son. They also gathered the bones of those who had been hanged.
- 2 Samuel 21:14c. 1018 BC
Then they buried the bones of Sha'ul and Y'honatan his son in the territory of Binyamin in Tzela, in the tomb of Kish his father; they did everything the king ordered. Only after that was God prevailed on to show mercy to the land.
- 2 Samuel 21:15c. 1018 BC
Once again the P'lishtim made war on Isra'el. David went down with his servants and fought against the P'lishtim, but David began to get tired.
- 2 Samuel 21:16c. 1018 BC
Yishbi-B'nov, one of the sons of the giant, said that he would kill David; his spear weighed seven pounds, and he was wearing new armor.
- 2 Samuel 21:17c. 1018 BC
But Avishai the son of Tz'ruyah came to David's rescue by striking the P'lishti and killing him. Then David's men swore to him, "You must no longer go out with us to battle, in order not to quench the lamp of Isra'el."