Joshua24

Joshua gathers all Israel at Shechem, recounting the LORD's faithful acts from Abraham to their settlement in Canaan. He challenges them to choose whom they will serve, declaring his own house will serve the LORD. The people affirm their commitment, leading Joshua to establish a covenant and erect a stone as a witness. The chapter concludes with the deaths of Joshua and Eleazar, and the burial of Joseph's bones.

The Assembly at Shechem

1
Joshua gathered all the tribes of Israel to Shechem, and called for the elders of Israel, for their heads, for their judges, and for their officers; and they presented themselves before God. ​

God Recounts His Deeds

2
Joshua said to all the people, “Thus says the LORD, the God of Israel, ‘Your fathers lived of old time beyond the River, even Terah, the father of Abraham, and the father of Nahor: and they served other gods. ​
3
I took your father Abraham from beyond the River, and led him throughout all the land of Canaan, and multiplied his seed, and gave him Isaac.
4
I gave to Isaac Jacob and Esau: and I gave to Esau Mount Seir, to possess it. Jacob and his children went down into Egypt.
5
“‘I sent Moses and Aaron, and I plagued Egypt, according to that which I did in its midst: and afterward I brought you out.
6
I brought your fathers out of Egypt: and you came to the sea. The Egyptians pursued after your fathers with chariots and with horsemen to the Sea of Suf.
7
When they cried out to the LORD, he put darkness between you and the Egyptians, and brought the sea on them, and covered them; and your eyes saw what I did in Egypt: and you lived in the wilderness many days. ​
8
“‘I brought you into the land of the Amorites, that lived beyond the Jordan: and they fought with you; and I gave them into your hand. You possessed their land; and I destroyed them from before you.
9
Then Balak the son of Zippor, king of Moab, arose and fought against Israel. He sent and called Balaam the son of Beor to curse you;
10
but I would not listen to Balaam; therefore he blessed you still. So I delivered you out of his hand. ​
11
“‘You went over the Jordan, and came to Jericho. The men of Jericho fought against you, the Amorite, the Perizzite, the Canaanite, the Hittite, the Girgashite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite; and I delivered them into your hand.
12
I sent the hornet before you, which drove them out from before you, even the two kings of the Amorites; not with your sword, nor with your bow. ​
13
I gave you a land whereon you had not labored, and cities which you didn’t build, and you live in them. You eat of vineyards and olive groves which you didn’t plant.’ ​

Joshua's Challenge: Choose Whom You Will Serve

14
“Now therefore fear the LORD, and serve him in sincerity and in truth. Put away the gods which your fathers served beyond the River, in Egypt; and serve the LORD. ​
15
If it seems evil to you to serve the LORD, choose this day whom you will serve; whether the gods which your fathers served that were beyond the River, or the gods of the Amorites, in whose land you dwell: but as for me and my house, we will serve the LORD.” ​
16
The people answered, “Far be it from us that we should forsake the LORD, to serve other gods;
17
for it is the LORD our God who brought us and our fathers up out of the land of Egypt, from the house of bondage, and who did those great signs in our sight, and preserved us in all the way in which we went, and among all the peoples through the midst of whom we passed.
18
The LORD drove out from before us all the peoples, even the Amorites who lived in the land. Therefore we also will serve the LORD; for he is our God.”

The People's Vow and Joshua's Warning

19
Joshua said to the people, “You can’t serve the LORD; for he is a holy God. He is a jealous God. He will not forgive your disobedience nor your sins. ​
20
If you forsake the LORD, and serve foreign gods, then he will turn and do you evil, and consume you, after he has done you good.”
21
The people said to Joshua, “No; but we will serve the LORD.”
22
Joshua said to the people, “You are witnesses against yourselves that you have chosen the LORD yourselves, to serve him.” They said, “We are witnesses.” ​
23
“Now therefore put away the foreign gods which are among you, and incline your heart to the LORD, the God of Israel.”
24
The people said to Joshua, “We will serve the LORD our God, and we will listen to his voice.”

The Covenant Is Ratified

25
So Joshua made a covenant with the people that day, and made for them a statute and an ordinance in Shechem. ​
26
Joshua wrote these words in the scroll of the Torah of God; and he took a great stone, and set it up there under the oak that was by the sanctuary of the LORD. ​
27
Joshua said to all the people, “Behold, this stone shall be a witness against us; for it has heard all the LORD’s words which he spoke to us. It shall be therefore a witness against you, lest you deny your God.”
28
So Joshua sent the people away, every man to his inheritance.

The Deaths of Joshua and Eleazar

29
After these things, Joshua the son of Nun, the servant of the LORD, died, being one hundred and ten years old. ​
30
They buried him in the border of his inheritance in Timnathserah, which is in the hill country of Ephraim, on the north of the mountain of Gaash.
31
Israel served the LORD all the days of Joshua, and all the days of the elders who outlived Joshua, and had known all the work of the LORD, that he had worked for Israel. ​
32
They buried the bones of Joseph, which the children of Israel brought up out of Egypt, in Shechem, in the parcel of ground which Jacob bought of the sons of Hamor the father of Shechem for a hundred pieces of money. They became the inheritance of the children of Joseph. ​
33
Eleazar the son of Aaron died. They buried him in the hill of Phinehas his son, which was given him in the hill country of Ephraim. ​

Study Notes for Joshua 24

Verse 1

Shechem was a historically significant location (where Abraham first built an altar and Jacob settled) and was geographically central, making it an ideal site for the nation's final gathering and covenant renewal. They 'presented themselves before God,' indicating a solemn religious ceremony.

Verse 2

Joshua, speaking for God, begins the historical review (Heilsgeschichte) by reminding Israel that their ancestors, including Abraham’s father Terah, were idolaters 'on the other side of the flood' (the Euphrates River). This stresses God's initiative and grace in choosing Israel.

Verse 7

Joshua reminds the people that they are eyewitnesses to God's greatest saving acts, particularly the deliverance at the Red Sea, establishing the basis for their required exclusive obedience.

Verse 10

The reference to Balaam (Num 22-24) highlights that God protects Israel not only from military threats but also from spiritual and magical curses, reinforcing His total sovereignty over all powers.

Verse 12

The 'hornet' is likely a metaphor for the panic, fear, or divine confusion God instilled in the hearts of the enemy (cf. Exod 23:28), emphasizing that the victory was achieved supernaturally, 'not with thy sword, nor with thy bow.'

Verse 13

This verse summarizes the theological point of the conquest: Israel inherited immense blessings (land, cities, produce) that they did not earn, underscoring God's provision and faithfulness to the Abrahamic covenant.

Verse 14

Joshua demands exclusive devotion. The need to 'put away the gods' indicates that idolatry, both ancestral (Mesopotamian) and Egyptian, was still a pervasive temptation among the tribes.

Verse 15

This is the theological climax, presenting a non-negotiable choice between Yahweh and other deities. Joshua provides his own unambiguous example: 'as for me and my house, we will serve the LORD,' setting the standard for faithful leadership.

Verse 19

Joshua’s statement 'Ye cannot serve the LORD' is not a prohibition but a severe warning and a test of resolve. He emphasizes that Yahweh is a 'holy God' and 'jealous God' who demands exclusive, sincere obedience and will punish covenant disloyalty.

Verse 22

By declaring themselves witnesses, the people acknowledge the seriousness of the covenant commitment and accept the legal consequences if they break it, binding them to their solemn vow.

Verse 25

Joshua formally establishes the covenant, setting forth defined 'statute and an ordinance.' This act concludes the period of conquest and formally establishes Israel’s relationship with Yahweh as a sovereign nation.

Verse 26

Writing these words into the 'book of the law of God' links this renewal directly to the foundational Mosaic covenant. The stone served as a durable, physical witness (a stele) to the treaty, a common practice in the ancient Near East.

Verse 29

This section serves as an appendix, concluding the book of Joshua. Joshua died at 110 years old, the same age as Joseph (Gen 50:26), symbolizing a life fully dedicated to fulfilling God's promise.

Verse 31

This verse provides a positive summary statement, affirming that the generation that witnessed the conquest remained faithful. This sets the stage for the dramatic decline in faithfulness chronicled in the book of Judges.

Verse 32

The burial of Joseph’s bones (fulfilling the oath from Exod 13:19) marks the final fulfillment of the promise of the land to the patriarchs, symbolically bringing closure to the Exodus generation's journey.

Verse 33

The death of Eleazar, the high priest and son of Aaron, signifies the passing of the last major leader of the Exodus generation, officially transitioning leadership to the next era represented by his son, Phinehas.

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