Isaiah40

Isaiah 40 opens with a divine command to comfort Jerusalem, declaring her warfare accomplished and iniquity pardoned. A voice in the wilderness calls for preparation of the Lord's way, contrasting the fleeting nature of humanity with the eternal Word of God. The chapter then extols God's incomparable majesty as Creator, dismissing the futility of idols and assuring His people that He, the everlasting God, gives strength to those who wait upon Him.
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A Message of Comfort and Pardon

1
Comfort ye, comfort ye my people, saith your God. ​
2
Speak ye comfortably to Jerusalem, and cry unto her, that her warfare is accomplished, that her iniquity is pardoned: for she hath received of the LORD'S hand double for all her sins. ​

Prepare the Way of the LORD

3
The voice of him that crieth in the wilderness, Prepare ye the way of the LORD, make straight in the desert a highway for our God. ​
4
Every valley shall be exalted, and every mountain and hill shall be made low: and the crooked shall be made straight, and the rough places plain:
5
And the glory of the LORD shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together: for the mouth of the LORD hath spoken it. ​

The Eternity of God's Word

6
The voice said, Cry. And he said, What shall I cry? All flesh is grass, and all the goodliness thereof is as the flower of the field: ​
7
The grass withereth, the flower fadeth: because the spirit of the LORD bloweth upon it: surely the people is grass.
8
The grass withereth, the flower fadeth: but the word of our God shall stand for ever. ​

Proclaim the Arrival of God

9
O Zion, that bringest good tidings, get thee up into the high mountain; O Jerusalem, that bringest good tidings, lift up thy voice with strength; lift it up, be not afraid; say unto the cities of Judah, Behold your God! ​
10
Behold, the Lord GOD will come with strong hand, and his arm shall rule for him: behold, his reward is with him, and his work before him.
11
He shall feed his flock like a shepherd: he shall gather the lambs with his arm, and carry them in his bosom, and shall gently lead those that are with young. ​

The Incomparable Creator

12
Who hath measured the waters in the hollow of his hand, and meted out heaven with the span, and comprehended the dust of the earth in a measure, and weighed the mountains in scales, and the hills in a balance? ​
13
Who hath directed the Spirit of the LORD, or being his counsellor hath taught him? ​
14
With whom took he counsel, and who instructed him, and taught him in the path of judgment, and taught him knowledge, and shewed to him the way of understanding?
15
Behold, the nations are as a drop of a bucket, and are counted as the small dust of the balance: behold, he taketh up the isles as a very little thing. ​
16
And Lebanon is not sufficient to burn, nor the beasts thereof sufficient for a burnt offering.
17
All nations before him are as nothing; and they are counted to him less than nothing, and vanity.

The Folly of Idolatry

18
To whom then will ye liken God? or what likeness will ye compare unto him? ​
19
The workman melteth a graven image, and the goldsmith spreadeth it over with gold, and casteth silver chains.
20
He that is so impoverished that he hath no oblation chooseth a tree that will not rot; he seeketh unto him a cunning workman to prepare a graven image, that shall not be moved.
21
Have ye not known? have ye not heard? hath it not been told you from the beginning? have ye not understood from the foundations of the earth?
22
It is he that sitteth upon the circle of the earth, and the inhabitants thereof are as grasshoppers; that stretcheth out the heavens as a curtain, and spreadeth them out as a tent to dwell in: ​
23
That bringeth the princes to nothing; he maketh the judges of the earth as vanity.
24
Yea, they shall not be planted; yea, they shall not be sown: yea, their stock shall not take root in the earth: and he shall also blow upon them, and they shall wither, and the whirlwind shall take them away as stubble.
25
To whom then will ye liken me, or shall I be equal? saith the Holy One.
26
Lift up your eyes on high, and behold who hath created these things, that bringeth out their host by number: he calleth them all by names by the greatness of his might, for that he is strong in power; not one faileth. ​

Assurance for Weary Israel

27
Why sayest thou, O Jacob, and speakest, O Israel, My way is hid from the LORD, and my judgment is passed over from my God? ​
28
Hast thou not known? hast thou not heard, that the everlasting God, the LORD, the Creator of the ends of the earth, fainteth not, neither is weary? there is no searching of his understanding. ​

Strength for Those Who Wait

29
He giveth power to the faint; and to them that have no might he increaseth strength. ​
30
Even the youths shall faint and be weary, and the young men shall utterly fall:
31
But they that wait upon the LORD shall renew their strength; they shall mount up with wings as eagles; they shall run, and not be weary; and they shall walk, and not faint. ​

Study Notes for Isaiah 40

Verse 1

This verse marks the beginning of the second major section of Isaiah (chapters 40–66), shifting the prophetic focus from judgment and warning to comfort and restoration following the Babylonian exile.

Verse 2

The phrase 'her warfare is accomplished' (or 'time of service is completed') refers to the period of punishment or forced labor. 'Double for all her sins' is likely a hyperbolic idiom signifying that the punishment was full, complete, and fully paid.

Verse 3

This promise of preparation for God’s arrival was later interpreted by the Gospel writers (Matt 3:3; Mark 1:3; Luke 3:4) as directly fulfilled by John the Baptist, preparing the way for Christ, the true manifestation of God's glory.

Verse 5

The revelation of the 'glory of the LORD' is not hidden but is intended to be seen universally, demonstrating that God's plan of salvation encompasses all humanity.

Verse 6

This initiates a powerful contrast between the frailty and transience of humanity ('all flesh is grass') and the enduring, eternal nature of God’s spoken word and promises.

Verse 8

While human life and power fade, the divine word stands forever. This promise provides the firm foundation for the hope and comfort offered to the exiles.

Verse 9

Zion (Jerusalem) is personified as the messenger, tasked with proclaiming the good news ('good tidings') of God's imminent arrival and return to reign over Judah.

Verse 11

This tender image portrays Yahweh as the ideal Shepherd, balancing the strength and rule described in verse 10 with compassion and careful attention to the most vulnerable members of the flock (the lambs and nursing ewes).

Verse 12

This series of rhetorical questions begins the argument for God’s unmatched cosmic power, describing His control over the vast elements of creation using simple, human measurements (hand, span, scales).

Verse 13

The question emphasizes God's inherent, perfect wisdom. He is the ultimate source of knowledge and judgment, needing no counselor or external direction from creation.

Verse 15

When compared to God, the greatest worldly powers and nations are utterly insignificant, reduced to a negligible drop or fine dust on the scale.

Verse 18

This challenge is central to the argument against idolatry: If God is the majestic Creator described in verses 12–17, how can a human-made statue or image possibly represent Him?

Verse 22

The phrase 'circle of the earth' (*chug*) suggests God's sovereign position above the entire expanse of the earth, viewing its mighty inhabitants as tiny, insignificant grasshoppers.

Verse 26

God’s creative power is demonstrated by His command over the stars, which were often worshipped as deities by surrounding nations. He calls them by name and none fail to appear.

Verse 27

The prophet directly addresses the specific complaint of the exiles, who felt that God had overlooked their suffering or forgotten their plight in the midst of their captivity.

Verse 28

The response to Israel’s doubt is a theological affirmation of God's nature: He is the 'everlasting God' and 'Creator' who possesses infinite power and wisdom, and unlike humans, He never tires.

Verse 29

God’s inexhaustible power is not just a cosmic fact, but a resource provided directly to His people, strengthening those who are weak and lacking might.

Verse 31

This famous promise assures that spiritual renewal and sustained strength are granted to those who place their hope and reliance ('wait') upon the LORD, enabling them to overcome exhaustion and despair.

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