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circa 1010–970 BC
The Reign of David
David unites the tribes, conquers Jerusalem, and establishes Israel's golden age—even through deep personal failure.
- 2 Samuel 17:24c. 1023 BC
Then David went to Mahanaim, and Absalom crossed the Jordan with all the men of Israel.
- 2 Samuel 17:25c. 1023 BC
Absalom had appointed Amasa over the army in place of Joab. Amasa was the son of a man named Ithra, the Ishmaelite who had married Abigail, the daughter of Nahash and sister of Zeruiah the mother of Joab.
- 2 Samuel 17:26c. 1023 BC
So the Israelites and Absalom camped in the land of Gilead.
- 2 Samuel 17:27c. 1023 BC
When David came to Mahanaim, he was met by Shobi son of Nahash from Rabbah of the Ammonites, Machir son of Ammiel from Lo-debar, and Barzillai the Gileadite from Rogelim.
- 2 Samuel 17:28c. 1023 BC
They brought beds, basins, and earthen vessels, as well as wheat, barley, flour, roasted grain, beans, lentils,
- 2 Samuel 17:29c. 1023 BC
honey, curds, sheep, and cheese from the herd for David and his people to eat. For they said, “The people have become hungry, exhausted, and thirsty in the wilderness.”
- 2 Samuel 18:1c. 1023 BC
Then David reviewed his troops and appointed over them commanders of hundreds and of thousands.
- 2 Samuel 18:2c. 1023 BC
He sent out the troops, a third under Joab, a third under Joab’s brother Abishai son of Zeruiah, and a third under Ittai the Gittite. And the king said to the troops, “I will surely march out with you as well.”
- 2 Samuel 18:3c. 1023 BC
But the people pleaded, “You must not go out! For if we have to flee, they will pay no attention to us. Even if half of us die, they will not care; but you are worth ten thousand of us. It is better for now if you support us from the city.”
- 2 Samuel 18:4c. 1023 BC
“I will do whatever seems best to you,” the king replied. So he stood beside the gate, while all the troops marched out by hundreds and by thousands.
- 2 Samuel 18:5c. 1023 BC
Now the king had commanded Joab, Abishai, and Ittai, “Treat the young man Absalom gently for my sake.” And all the people heard the king’s orders to each of the commanders regarding Absalom.
- 2 Samuel 18:6c. 1023 BC
So David’s army marched into the field to engage Israel in the battle, which took place in the forest of Ephraim.
- 2 Samuel 18:7c. 1023 BC
There the people of Israel were defeated by David’s servants, and the slaughter was great that day—twenty thousand men.
- 2 Samuel 18:8c. 1023 BC
The battle spread over the whole countryside, and that day the forest devoured more people than the sword.
- 2 Samuel 18:9c. 1023 BC
Now Absalom was riding on his mule when he met the servants of David, and as the mule went under the thick branches of a large oak, Absalom’s head was caught fast in the tree. The mule under him kept going, so that he was suspended in midair.
- 2 Samuel 18:10c. 1023 BC
When one of the men saw this, he told Joab, “I just saw Absalom hanging in an oak tree!”
- 2 Samuel 18:11c. 1023 BC
“You just saw him!” Joab exclaimed. “Why did you not strike him to the ground right there? I would have given you ten shekels of silver and a warrior’s belt!”
- 2 Samuel 18:12c. 1023 BC
The man replied, “Even if a thousand shekels of silver were weighed out into my hands, I would not raise my hand against the son of the king. For we heard the king command you and Abishai and Ittai, ‘Protect the young man Absalom for my sake.’
- 2 Samuel 18:13c. 1023 BC
If I had jeopardized my own life—and nothing is hidden from the king—you would have abandoned me.”
- 2 Samuel 18:14c. 1023 BC
But Joab declared, “I am not going to wait like this with you!” And he took three spears in his hand and thrust them through the heart of Absalom while he was still alive in the oak tree.
- 2 Samuel 18:15c. 1023 BC
And ten young men who carried Joab’s armor surrounded Absalom, struck him, and killed him.
- 2 Samuel 18:16c. 1023 BC
Then Joab blew the ram’s horn, and the troops broke off their pursuit of Israel because Joab had restrained them.
- 2 Samuel 18:17c. 1023 BC
They took Absalom, cast him into a large pit in the forest, and piled a huge mound of stones over him. Meanwhile, all the Israelites fled, each to his home.
- 2 Samuel 18:18c. 1023 BC
During his lifetime, Absalom had set up for himself a pillar in the King’s Valley, for he had said, “I have no son to preserve the memory of my name.” So he gave the pillar his name, and to this day it is called Absalom’s Monument.
- 2 Samuel 18:19c. 1023 BC
Then Ahimaaz son of Zadok said, “Please let me run and tell the king the good news that the LORD has avenged him of his enemies.”