2 Chronicles 2:17

KJV

And Solomon numbered all the strangers that [were] in the land of Israel, after the numbering wherewith David his father had numbered them; and they were found an hundred and fifty thousand and three thousand and six hundred.

KJV (with Strong's)

And Solomon {H8010} numbered {H5608} all the strangers {H582}{H1616} that were in the land {H776} of Israel {H3478}, after {H310} the numbering {H5610} wherewith David {H1732} his father {H1} had numbered {H5608} them; and they were found {H4672} an hundred {H3967} and fifty {H2572} thousand {H505} and three {H7969} thousand {H505} and six {H8337} hundred {H3967}.

Complete Jewish Bible

Shlomo took a census of all the foreigners in the land of Isra'el, following the pattern of the census of David his father; they were found to number 153,600.

Berean Standard Bible

Solomon numbered all the foreign men in the land of Israel following the census his father David had conducted, and there were found to be 153,600 in all.

American Standard Version

And Solomon numbered all the sojourners that were in the land of Israel, after the numbering wherewith David his father had numbered them; and they were found a hundred and fifty thousand and three thousand and six hundred.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
2 Chronicles 2:17 meticulously details King Solomon's comprehensive census of all non-Israelite residents within the land of Israel, a vital administrative undertaking in preparation for the monumental task of constructing the Temple in Jerusalem. This numbering, which identified 153,600 "strangers," directly continued the preparatory work initiated by his father, King David, underscoring the diligent organization and vast human resources required for such a divinely commissioned endeavor.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** This verse is strategically positioned within 2 Chronicles 2, a chapter that meticulously outlines Solomon's initial preparations for building the Temple. It immediately follows Solomon's correspondence with Hiram, King of Tyre, regarding the provision of timber and skilled craftsmen for the project, as detailed in [2 Chronicles 2:16](/2_chronicles/2-16 "2 Chronicles 2:16 - Hiram's Reply to Solomon"). The census of "strangers" (resident aliens) described in [2 Chronicles 2:17](/2_chronicles/2-17 "2 Chronicles 2:17 - Solomon's Census of Strangers") serves as a crucial administrative precursor to the allocation of labor for the Temple's construction, which is explicitly detailed in the subsequent verse, [2 Chronicles 2:18](/2_chronicles/2-18 "2 Chronicles 2:18 - Assignment of Laborers"), where these numbered individuals are assigned roles as foremen, carriers, and stonecutters. This precise sequence highlights Solomon's systematic approach to resource management, ensuring all available manpower, both Israelite and foreign, was accounted for and effectively deployed for the sacred endeavor. A parallel account of this census and the subsequent assignment of duties can be found in [1 Kings 5:15-16](/1_kings/5-15-16 "1 Kings 5:15-16 - Solomon's Workforce for the Temple"), demonstrating the consistency of this historical record across the biblical narratives.
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** The term "strangers" (Hebrew: _gerim_) refers to resident aliens or sojourners, non-Israelites who lived within the borders of Israel. Unlike foreign enemies or transient visitors, these individuals often resided in Israel by choice, perhaps for economic opportunities, trade, or refuge, and were generally afforded certain legal protections under Israelite law, though they did not possess full citizenship rights. The practice of conducting censuses was common in the ancient Near East for purposes of taxation, military conscription, or, as in this case, labor mobilization for large-scale building projects. The sheer number—153,600—reflects the substantial non-Israelite population within the kingdom, likely accumulated through generations of settlement, trade, and perhaps even remnants of conquered peoples. Their inclusion in such a significant national project, rather than being marginalized, speaks to a pragmatic and perhaps even inclusive approach to state-sponsored labor in ancient Israel, recognizing the value of all available human resources for a divinely ordained task.
* **Key Themes:** The numbering of these "strangers" in [2 Chronicles 2:17](/2_chronicles/2-17 "2 Chronicles 2:17 - Solomon's Census of Strangers") contributes to several overarching themes within 2 Chronicles and the broader biblical narrative. Firstly, it underscores **Diligent Preparation**, emphasizing that even divinely commissioned tasks like building the Temple of the Lord require meticulous planning, organization, and resource management. Solomon's systematic census exemplifies this principle, showing a king who understands that divine blessing does not negate human responsibility. Secondly, it highlights the **Continuity of Vision and Leadership**, as Solomon explicitly follows "the numbering wherewith David his father had numbered them." This demonstrates Solomon's commitment to honoring and completing the preparatory work ([1 Chronicles 22:2](/1_chronicles/22-2 "1 Chronicles 22:2 - David's Preparations for the Temple")) and the grand vision ([1 Chronicles 22:7](/1_chronicles/22-7 "1 Chronicles 22:7 - David's Desire to Build the Temple")) inherited from his father, ensuring a seamless transition of purpose across generations. Thirdly, the utilization of "strangers" for the Temple project illustrates the **Utilization of All Resources**, including those from outside the covenant community, for God's purposes. This foreshadows a broader inclusiveness in God's redemptive plan, where even those considered "outsiders" can contribute to God's work. Finally, the immense number of individuals involved in this census vividly conveys the **Scale and Significance of the Temple Project**, underscoring its central importance as the dwelling place of God's presence and the focal point of Israelite worship.

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS

#### Key Word Analysis
* **Strangers (Hebrew, _gêr'_):** From H1616, this term refers to a guest; by implication, a foreigner; alien, sojourner. In this context, it specifically denotes non-Israelite residents who had settled within the land. Unlike transient visitors, _gerim_ were permanent or semi-permanent residents who had integrated into the socio-economic fabric of Israel. While not full citizens, they were subject to Israelite law and often enjoyed certain protections and responsibilities, highlighting a degree of integration into the nation, even for sacred tasks like Temple construction.
* **Numbered (Hebrew, _çâphar'_):** From H5608, this primitive root means to score with a mark as a tally or record, i.e., (by implication) to inscribe, and also to enumerate; intensively, to recount. This verb signifies a formal census or enumeration, an act of systematic organization and accounting. The repetition of this verb in the verse, both for Solomon's action and David's prior effort, emphasizes the deliberate, methodical, and precise nature of this administrative task, underscoring the importance of accurate data for large-scale undertakings.
* **Found (Hebrew, _mâtsâʼ'_):** From H4672, this primitive root means properly, to come forth to, i.e., appear or exist; transitively, to attain, i.e., find or acquire; figuratively, to occur, meet or be present. In this context, it refers to the outcome of the census, indicating that the specified number of strangers "were discovered" or "were ascertained" to be present. This word highlights the successful completion and verification of the census, confirming the precise count of the available workforce.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"And Solomon numbered all the strangers that [were] in the land of Israel":** This initial clause establishes Solomon's proactive and comprehensive administrative action. He undertook a meticulous census not merely of his Israelite subjects but specifically of the non-Israelite population, recognizing them as a significant and valuable labor resource within his kingdom. This demonstrates his meticulous planning and foresight in preparing for the massive Temple construction project.
* **"after the numbering wherewith David his father had numbered them":** This phrase highlights the profound continuity of the royal vision and the administrative groundwork. Solomon's census was not an independent, novel initiative but a continuation or re-verification of a prior census conducted by his father, King David. This underscores the legacy of diligent preparation and strategic foresight passed from father to son, ensuring that the Temple project was built upon established foundations and meticulous prior planning, reflecting a shared commitment to God's grand design.
* **"and they were found an hundred and fifty thousand and three thousand and six hundred":** This final clause provides the precise numerical outcome of the census: a total of 153,600 non-Israelite residents. This specific and remarkably large figure emphasizes the sheer scale of the available workforce and, by extension, the monumental effort required to build the Temple. It also reflects the demographic reality of a diverse and substantial non-Israelite population within the Israelite kingdom during this prosperous era, highlighting the breadth of Solomon's dominion and the resources at his disposal.

#### Literary Devices
The verse employs several literary devices to convey its message with precision and emphasis. The most prominent is **Repetition** of the verb "numbered" (Hebrew: _çâphar_), appearing twice ("Solomon numbered... after the numbering wherewith David his father had numbered them"). This repetition serves to underscore the meticulousness and continuity of the administrative effort across two reigns, highlighting Solomon's faithfulness to his father's preparatory work. This creates an **Emphasis** on the methodical and deliberate nature of the census. The precise, large number (153,600) functions as a form of **Numerical Specificity**, lending credibility and gravity to the account, impressing upon the reader the immense scale of the Temple project and the vast human resources required for its completion. While not hyperbole, the sheer magnitude of the figure evokes a sense of awe regarding the enormity of the task. Furthermore, the inclusion and utilization of "strangers" in such a foundational national project carries a subtle **Foreshadowing** of God's broader redemptive plan, which would eventually extend beyond the nation of Israel to include all peoples and nations.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
The census of "strangers" for Temple construction in 2 Chronicles 2:17 carries significant theological weight, illustrating God's capacity to use all available resources, including those from outside the immediate covenant community, to accomplish His divine purposes. It demonstrates that even for the most sacred undertakings, practical wisdom, diligent planning, and the efficient stewardship of human resources are essential. The continuity from David to Solomon also underscores the importance of building upon the foundations laid by previous generations, honoring their contributions and extending their vision for God's kingdom work. This pragmatic inclusion of non-Israelites in a project central to Israel's identity subtly anticipates the New Testament revelation of God's universal redemptive plan, where all are invited to participate in the building of God's spiritual house.
* [1 Kings 5:15-16](/1_kings/5-15-16 "Solomon's Workforce for the Temple")
* [1 Chronicles 22:2](/1_chronicles/22-2 "David's Preparations for the Temple")
* [Isaiah 56:6-7](/isaiah/56-6-7 "Foreigners Joining the Lord's Covenant")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Solomon's meticulous census of the "strangers" teaches us invaluable lessons about preparation, stewardship, and inclusive service in the context of God's work. Great endeavors for God's glory are rarely achieved through haphazard efforts; they demand careful planning, diligent organization, and a thoughtful assessment of all available resources. Just as Solomon utilized every able body, we are called to be good stewards of the talents, time, and diverse individuals God places in our lives, recognizing that everyone, regardless of background or perceived status, has a unique contribution to make to the kingdom. This verse challenges us to look beyond conventional boundaries and embrace an inclusive mindset, understanding that God can use anyone willing to serve His purposes. It also reminds us to honor and build upon the spiritual foundations laid by those who came before us, ensuring continuity and progress in the ongoing work of God's church, recognizing that our efforts are part of a larger, ongoing divine narrative.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **What "strangers" or overlooked resources might God be calling me to identify and utilize for His kingdom work today, perhaps in my community or church?**
* **In what areas of my life or ministry do I need to adopt a more Solomon-like approach to diligent preparation and meticulous planning, rather than relying solely on spontaneous action?**
* **How can I better honor the spiritual legacy and foundational work of those who have served God before me, ensuring continuity and building upon their efforts?**
* **How does the inclusion of "strangers" in Temple building challenge my own notions of who is "qualified" or "called" to serve God, and how can I foster a more inclusive environment?**

### FAQ
**Who were these "strangers" and why were they numbered?**

Answer: The "strangers" (Hebrew: _gerim_) were resident aliens or non-Israelites who had settled within the land of Israel. They were not necessarily slaves captured in war, but often people who had migrated for various reasons, such as trade, economic opportunity, or seeking refuge. Solomon numbered them as part of a comprehensive census to identify and organize the vast workforce required for the immense task of building the Temple. This census allowed him to efficiently allocate labor for specific roles, such as carriers, stonecutters, and foremen, as detailed in [2 Chronicles 2:18](/2_chronicles/2-18 "2 Chronicles 2:18 - Assignment of Laborers"). It was a pragmatic administrative step to manage human resources for a national project of unprecedented scale, demonstrating Solomon's organizational prowess.

**Did David also number these "strangers," and why is that mentioned?**

Answer: Yes, the text explicitly states that Solomon's numbering followed "the numbering wherewith David his father had numbered them." This indicates a continuity of administrative practice and vision between the two kings. David had already begun extensive preparations for the Temple, including gathering materials and likely assessing available labor, as seen in [1 Chronicles 22:2](/1_chronicles/22-2 "1 Chronicles 22:2 - David's Preparations for the Temple"). Mentioning David's prior census emphasizes that Solomon was building upon his father's established groundwork, demonstrating a seamless transition of leadership and a shared, unwavering commitment to the Temple project. It highlights the importance of honoring continuity and the legacy of those who prepared the way for God's work.

**What is the significance of the specific number 153,600?**

Answer: The number 153,600 (broken down as 150,000 plus 3,600) is a very precise and substantial figure. It underscores the sheer magnitude of the non-Israelite population living within the kingdom and, by extension, the monumental scale of the Temple construction project. This large number of available laborers highlights the immense resources Solomon commanded and the extensive effort required to build such a magnificent structure. The breakdown into 150,000 for general labor and 3,600 for oversight (as further clarified in [2 Chronicles 2:18](/2_chronicles/2-18 "2 Chronicles 2:18 - Assignment of Laborers")) further emphasizes the meticulous organization and division of labor that characterized Solomon's administration, ensuring every aspect of the project was managed with precision.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
The inclusion of "strangers" in the building of the physical Temple in Jerusalem, as meticulously recorded in [2 Chronicles 2:17](/2_chronicles/2-17 "2 Chronicles 2:17 - Solomon's Census of Strangers"), profoundly foreshadows the New Testament reality of God's inclusive kingdom, where Gentiles (the ultimate "strangers" to the Abrahamic covenant) are brought near through the atoning work of Christ. The Temple, though a magnificent earthly dwelling for God's presence, was ultimately a shadow of the true Temple to come. Jesus Christ Himself declared, "Destroy this temple, and in three days I will raise it up," speaking of the temple of His body ([John 2:19](/john/2-19 "John 2:19 - Jesus Predicts His Resurrection")). He is the ultimate meeting place between God and humanity, the one through whom all, both Jew and Gentile, gain access to the Father in one Spirit ([Ephesians 2:18](/ephesians/2-18 "Ephesians 2:18 - Access to the Father Through Christ")). Just as the _gerim_ contributed to the physical structure of Solomon's Temple, so too are believers from every nation now living stones, being built into a spiritual house, a holy priesthood, to offer spiritual sacrifices acceptable to God through Jesus Christ ([1 Peter 2:5](/1_peter/2-5 "1 Peter 2:5 - Living Stones in a Spiritual House")). The vision of Solomon utilizing all available resources, regardless of origin, for God's dwelling place finds its ultimate fulfillment in the Church, the body of Christ, composed of people from "every tribe and language and people and nation" ([Revelation 5:9](/revelation/5-9 "Revelation 5:9 - The Redeemed from Every Nation")), all united in building God's eternal, spiritual kingdom.

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

1 Chronicles 22:2

And David commanded to gather together the strangers that [were] in the land of Israel; and he set masons to hew wrought stones to build the house of God.

2 Chronicles 8:7

[As for] all the people [that were] left of the Hittites, and the Amorites, and the Perizzites, and the Hivites, and the Jebusites, which [were] not of Israel,

2 Chronicles 8:8

[But] of their children, who were left after them in the land, whom the children of Israel consumed not, them did Solomon make to pay tribute until this day.

2 Chronicles 2:2

And Solomon told out threescore and ten thousand men to bear burdens, and fourscore thousand to hew in the mountain, and three thousand and six hundred to oversee them.

1 Kings 5:13

And king Solomon raised a levy out of all Israel; and the levy was thirty thousand men.

1 Kings 5:16

Beside the chief of Solomon's officers which [were] over the work, three thousand and three hundred, which ruled over the people that wrought in the work.

1 Kings 9:20

[And] all the people [that were] left of the Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites, which [were] not of the children of Israel,