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Public-domain commentary
Matthew Henry
From his Commentary on the Whole Bible. Henry comments on passages, not single verses — this entry covers 1 Corinthians 16:10–12. His two-level outline is real structure in the source text, so it is rendered as structure.
In this passage,
I.He recommends Timothy to them, in several particulars. As,
1.He bids them take care that he should be among them without feat, Co1 16:10. Timothy was sent by the apostle to correct the abuses which had crept in among them; and not only to direct, but to blame, and censure, and reprove, those who were culpable. They were all in factions, and no doubt the mutual strife and hatred ran very high among them. There were some very rich, as it is probable; and many very proud, upon account both of their outward wealth and spiritual gifts. Proud spirits cannot easily bear reproof. It was reasonable therefore to think young Timothy might be roughly used; hence the apostle warns them against using him ill. Not but that he was prepared for the worst; but, whatever his firmness and prudence might be, it was their duty to behave themselves well towards him, and not discourage and dishearten him in his Lord's work. They should not fly out into resentment at his reproof. Note, Christians should bear faithful reproofs from their ministers, and not terrify and discourage them from doing their duty.
2.He warns them against despising him, Co1 16:11. He was but a young man, and alone, as Ecumenius observes. He had no one to back him, and his own youthful face and years commanded but little reverence; and therefore the great pretenders to wisdom among them might be apt to entertain contemptuous thoughts of him. "Now," says the apostle, "guard against this." Not that he distrusted Timothy; he knew that Timothy would do nothing to bring contempt on his character, nothing to make his youth despicable. But pride was a reigning sin among the Corinthians, and such a caution was but too necessary. Note, Christians should be very careful not to pour contempt on any, but especially on ministers, the faithful ministers of Christ. These, whether young or old, are to be had in high esteem for their works sake.
3.He tells them they should give him all due encouragement, use him well while he was with them; and, as an evidence of this, they should send him away in friendship, and well prepared for his journey back again to Paul. This, as I have before observed, is the meaning of bringing him on his journey in peace, Co1 16:11. Note, Faithful ministers are not only to be well received by a people among whom they may for a season minister, but are to be sent away with due respect.
II.He assigns the reasons why they should behave thus towards Timothy.
1.Because he was employed in the same work as Paul, and acted in it by the same authority, Co1 16:10. He did not come on Paul's errand among them, nor to do his work, but the work of the Lord. Though he was not an apostle, he was assistant to one, and was sent upon this very business by a divine commission. And therefore to vex his spirit would be to grieve the Holy Spirit; to despise him would be to despise him that sent him, not Paul, but Paul's Lord and theirs. Note, Those who work the work of the Lord should be neither terrified nor despised, but treated with all tenderness and respect. Such are all the faithful ministers of the word, though not all in the same rank and degree. Pastors and teachers, as well as apostles and evangelists, while they are doing their duty, are to be treated with honour and respect.
2.Another reason is implied; as they were to esteem him for his work's sake, so also for Paul's sake, who had sent him to Corinth; not of his own errand indeed, but to work the work of the Lord: Conduct him forth in peace, that he may come to me, for I look for him with the brethren (Co1 16:11); or I with the brethren look for him (the original will bear either), ekdechomai gar auton meta tōn adelphōn - "I am expecting his return, and his report concerning you; and shall judge by your conduct towards him what your regard and respect for me will be. Look to it that you send him back with no evil report." Paul might expect from the Corinthians, that a messenger from him, upon such an errand, should be regarded, and well treated. His services and success among them, his authority with them as an apostle, would challenge this at their hands. They would hardly dare to send back Timothy with a report that would grieve or provoke the apostle. "I and the brethren expect his return, wait for the report he is to make; and therefore do not use him ill, but respect him, regard his message, and let him return in peace."
III.He informs them of Apollos's purpose to see them.
1.He himself had greatly desired him to come to them, Co1 16:12. Though one party among them had declared for Apollos against Paul (if that passage is to be understood literally, vide Co1 4:6), yet Paul did not hinder Apollos from going to Corinth in his own absence, nay, he pressed him to go thither. He had no suspicions of Apollos, as if he would lessen Paul's interest and respect among them, to the advancement of his own. Note, Faithful ministers are not apt to entertain jealousies of each other, nor suspect of such selfish designs. True charity and brotherly love think no evil. And where should these reign, if not in the breasts of the ministers of Christ?
2.Apollos could not be prevailed on for the present to come, but would at a more convenient season. Perhaps their feuds and factions might render the present season improper. He would not go to be set at the head of a party and countenance the dividing and contentious humour. When this had subsided, through Paul's epistle to them and Timothy's ministry among them, he might conclude a visit would be more proper. Apostles did not vie with each other, but consulted each other's comfort and usefulness. Paul intimates his great regard to the church of Corinth, when they had used him ill, by entreating Apollos to go to them; and Apollos shows his respect to Paul, and his concern to keep up his character and authority, by declining the journey till the Corinthians were in better temper. Note, It is very becoming the ministers of the gospel to have and manifest a concern for each other's reputation and usefulness.
Historical interpretation
Historical Reception
2 surviving comments on this verse. Each one is dated, so this reads as a timeline rather than a list.
Select a marker to jump to its quote. Markers stagger vertically where authors wrote within a few decades of each other.
Although Timothy was preaching what he had learned from Paul and was a gifted evangelist, the apostle commends him since he did not have the same authority. Paul was afraid that Timothy might not be received as he deserved by dissidents in the church, that they would create a fuss, that Timothy would be afraid and that his coming would do nothing for their salvation.
Perhaps some one may think there is something unworthy of Timothy's courage in this piece of advice. But not on Timothy's account is this said, but for the hearers' sake: lest by their design against him they should hurt themselves: since he for his part had his station always in the way of dangers.
"For as a child serveth a father," saith he, "so he served with me in furtherance of the Gospel." But lest from boldness towards the disciple they should proceed also to the teacher, and become worse, he checks them from afar off, saying, "that he may be with you without fear;" that is, that none of those desperate persons rise up against him. For he intended perhaps to rebuke them about the things concerning which Paul also had written: and indeed Paul professed to send him for this very reason. "For I have sent Timothy unto you," saith he, "who shall put you in remembrance of my ways in Christ even as I teach every where in every Church." In order then that they might not through confidence in their high birth and wealth, and the support of the people, and the wisdom from without, attack him and spit upon him and plot against him, being grieved at the reproofs which came from him; or lest in revenge for the teacher's rebuke they should demand satisfaction of him, so punishing the other; therefore he saith, "that he be without fear with you." As if he had said, "Tell me not of those who are without, the Gentiles and unbelievers. It is your part that I require, you for whom also the whole Epistle was composed," the persons also whom in the beginning and the outset he had frightened. Wherefore he saith, "with you."
Then in virtue of his ministry he sets him forth as a person to be fully trusted; saying "For the work of the Lord he worketh." That is; "look not," saith he, "to this, his not being rich, namely, nor highly educated, nor old: but what commands are laid upon him, what work he is doing. 'For the work of the Lord he worketh.'" And this serves him instead of all nobility and wealth and age and wisdom.
And he is not content with this, but adds, "Even as I also." And some way above, "Who is my beloved son and faithful in the Lord; he shall put you in remembrance of my ways in Christ." Seeing then that he was both young, and had been singly entrusted with the improvement of so numerous a people, both of which things tended to bring him into contempt, he adds, as we might expect,
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Summary
In 1 Corinthians 16:10, the Apostle Paul issues a crucial directive to the Corinthian church concerning the arrival of his trusted co-worker, Timothy. Paul instructs them to ensure Timothy's safety and comfort, emphasizing that his ministry is divinely sanctioned and equally as vital as Paul's own, thereby calling for the Corinthians to receive him with respect and without causing him any apprehension. This instruction reflects Paul's deep pastoral care for Timothy and his desire for the Corinthian believers to rightly value and support those who labor in the Lord's service.
Context
Literary Context
This verse appears in the concluding section of Paul's First Letter to the Corinthians, following extensive discussions on various church issues such as divisions, immorality, spiritual gifts, and the resurrection. Chapters 15 and 16 shift from doctrinal and corrective teaching to practical matters, including instructions for the collection for the saints in Jerusalem (1 Corinthians 16:1-4), Paul's travel plans (1 Corinthians 16:5-9), and greetings. Paul had previously announced his intention to send Timothy to Corinth in 1 Corinthians 4:17, indicating that Timothy would remind them of Paul's ways in Christ. This reiteration in chapter 16 underscores the importance of Timothy's mission and Paul's ongoing concern for the Corinthian church's spiritual health and unity, ensuring that his representative would be well-received and effective.
Historical & Cultural Context
Corinth was a prominent Roman colony, a bustling port city known for its wealth, diverse population, and a reputation for moral laxity. The Corinthian church, though established by Paul, was plagued by internal factions, spiritual immaturity, and a tendency to challenge apostolic authority. Paul's letters reveal a community struggling with pride, legalism, and a misunderstanding of Christian freedom. In this environment, Paul often sent trusted emissaries like Timothy, who was younger and perhaps less imposing than Paul, to represent him and address issues. The instruction for Timothy to be "without fear" likely stemmed from Paul's awareness of the contentious nature of some Corinthian believers and the potential for them to intimidate or disrespect a younger minister, especially given the various "super-apostles" and rivalries that had emerged within the church (e.g., 2 Corinthians 11:5).
Key Themes
This verse contributes to several overarching themes in 1 Corinthians and Paul's broader theology. It highlights Pastoral Care and Protection as Paul demonstrates his deep concern for Timothy's well-being and effectiveness in ministry, mirroring the care a shepherd has for his flock and his fellow laborers. It also strongly emphasizes the Legitimacy and Authority of Ministry, particularly that of Paul's trusted co-workers. By stating that Timothy "worketh the work of the Lord, as I also do," Paul unequivocally affirms Timothy's divine calling and authority, validating his service as genuine and deserving of respect, regardless of his age or perceived status (see 1 Timothy 4:12). Furthermore, the instruction implicitly calls for Hospitality and Respect for Spiritual Leaders, urging the Corinthians to receive Timothy not merely as a messenger but as a legitimate representative of Christ and a fellow laborer in the gospel, fostering an environment where ministry can flourish without hindrance (compare Romans 16:2).
Exposition and Analysis
Key Word Analysis
This adverb, derived from a compound of 'a' (negative particle) and 'phobos' (fear), means "fearlessly, without alarm or intimidation." Paul's use of this word reveals his concern that Timothy, who was relatively young and perhaps timid by nature (1 Timothy 5:23), might encounter opposition, disrespect, or even hostility from certain factions within the Corinthian church. Paul's instruction is a direct command to the Corinthians to ensure Timothy's environment is safe and welcoming, free from any cause for apprehension.
This verb, meaning "to toil (as a task, occupation, etc.), (by implication) effect, be engaged in or with," emphasizes the active, dedicated labor that Timothy is undertaking. It signifies a continuous, purposeful effort in ministry. Paul uses it to validate Timothy's active participation and commitment to the gospel, highlighting that his service is not casual but a diligent occupation for the Lord.
Meaning "supreme in authority, i.e. (as noun) controller; by implication, Master (as a respectful title)," this title refers to Jesus Christ. By explicitly stating that Timothy "worketh the work of the Lord," Paul elevates Timothy's ministry beyond mere human endeavor to a divinely ordained and empowered service. This designation underscores the sacred nature of Timothy's task and the ultimate authority under which he operates, demanding the Corinthians' respect and cooperation.
Verse Breakdown
"Now if Timotheus come"
Paul introduces the subject of Timothy's arrival, which he had previously mentioned in 1 Corinthians 4:17. The "if" (Greek, eán) does not imply uncertainty about Timothy's coming but rather sets up a conditional clause for the instruction that follows. It assumes his arrival as a planned event, prompting the Corinthians to be prepared for his reception.
"see that he may be with you without fear"
This is Paul's direct command to the Corinthian believers. The phrase "see that" (Greek, blépō) is an imperative, urging them to actively ensure Timothy's well-being. "Without fear" (Greek, aphóbōs) is the critical element, indicating Paul's concern that Timothy might face intimidation or a lack of respect in the contentious Corinthian environment. This instruction calls for the church to create a supportive and welcoming atmosphere, free from any hostility or apprehension that might hinder Timothy's ministry or personal comfort.
"for he worketh the work of the Lord"
This clause provides the foundational reason for Paul's command. The conjunction "for" (Greek, gár) introduces the justification. Timothy's labor is not merely human effort but "the work of the Lord," meaning it is divinely appointed, empowered, and directed by Christ Himself. This elevates Timothy's status and the significance of his mission, demanding that the Corinthians recognize the divine authority behind his ministry.
"as I also [do]"
Paul draws a direct parallel between Timothy's ministry and his own. By stating that Timothy works "as I also do," Paul unequivocally affirms Timothy's legitimacy and authority as a minister of the gospel. This statement serves to silence any potential criticism or dismissal of Timothy due to his youth or perceived lesser status, placing his work on par with Paul's apostolic service and reinforcing the unified nature of their mission under Christ.
Literary Devices
Paul employs several literary devices in this concise verse. The primary device is Apostolic Authority and Exhortation, as Paul, the founder of the Corinthian church, issues a direct command ("see that") regarding the treatment of his emissary. This is coupled with Affirmation and Validation, as Paul explicitly validates Timothy's ministry by equating it with his own ("as I also do"), using Parallelism to draw a direct comparison between their respective labors. The phrase "worketh the work of the Lord" serves as a powerful instance of Theological Justification, grounding the practical instruction in divine purpose and authority. Finally, the specific instruction to receive Timothy "without fear" highlights Paul's Pastoral Concern, revealing his deep care for both Timothy's personal well-being and the effectiveness of his mission in the challenging Corinthian context.
Theological and Thematic Connections
This verse profoundly impacts our understanding of Christian ministry and community. It underscores the divine origin and sacred nature of gospel work, emphasizing that those who labor faithfully are doing "the work of the Lord" and therefore deserve honor and support from the church. Paul's concern for Timothy's reception highlights the importance of creating a safe and encouraging environment for ministers, recognizing that their effectiveness can be hindered by fear or disrespect. It also serves as a model for how seasoned leaders should affirm and empower younger or less experienced ministers, validating their calling and protecting them from undue criticism or intimidation, thereby fostering healthy intergenerational relationships within the body of Christ.
Reflection and Application
Paul's instruction regarding Timothy offers timeless principles for how believers should interact with those who serve in ministry among them. It challenges us to move beyond superficial judgments based on age, personality, or perceived status, and instead to recognize the divine calling and purpose behind their labor. We are called to actively cultivate an atmosphere of support, respect, and hospitality, ensuring that ministers can serve with confidence and effectiveness, free from unnecessary fear or intimidation. This means offering practical encouragement, listening with an open mind, and valuing their contributions as genuine "work of the Lord." When we fail to do so, we not only hinder the individual minister but also potentially impede the work of God within our community. Conversely, by embracing and empowering those whom God sends, we participate in and strengthen the ongoing mission of the church.
Questions for Reflection
FAQ
Why was Paul so concerned about Timothy being "without fear" in Corinth?
Paul's concern stemmed from his intimate knowledge of the Corinthian church's internal dynamics. The church was characterized by factions, pride, and a tendency to challenge apostolic authority, as evidenced throughout 1 Corinthians. Timothy was younger and perhaps less imposing than Paul, making him potentially vulnerable to intimidation or disrespect from certain contentious or critical members. Paul had previously sent Timothy to remind them of his ways in Christ (1 Corinthians 4:17), and he wanted to ensure Timothy could fulfill this mission effectively without personal apprehension or hindrance to his message. Paul's instruction reveals his pastoral care for Timothy and his desire for the Corinthians to receive him properly, recognizing his legitimate ministry.
What does it mean that Timothy "worketh the work of the Lord, as I also [do]"?
This statement is a powerful affirmation of Timothy's ministry. By saying Timothy "worketh the work of the Lord," Paul emphasizes that Timothy's labor is not merely human effort but a divinely appointed and empowered service, directly aligned with God's purposes. The phrase "as I also [do]" then draws a direct parallel, placing Timothy's ministry on the same level of divine sanction and importance as Paul's own apostolic work. This was crucial for the Corinthian church, which might have been tempted to dismiss Timothy due to his youth or lack of direct apostolic calling. Paul is essentially telling them to receive Timothy with the same respect and cooperation they would afford to Paul himself, because both are engaged in the same sacred mission for Christ. It underscores the unity of purpose among God's servants, regardless of their specific roles or perceived status.
Christ-Centered Fulfillment
Paul's instruction regarding Timothy, ensuring he could serve "without fear" because "he worketh the work of the Lord, as I also do," finds its ultimate fulfillment in the person and ministry of Jesus Christ. Jesus, the quintessential servant of God, perfectly fulfilled the "work of the Lord" by obediently executing the Father's will, even unto death (John 4:34; Philippians 2:8). He came not to be served, but to serve, and to give His life as a ransom for many (Mark 10:45). In His earthly ministry, Jesus empowered and sent out His disciples, commissioning them to continue His work, promising that they would do even greater works through the power of the Holy Spirit (John 14:12). The "work of the Lord" that Timothy and Paul were engaged in is a continuation of Christ's own redemptive mission—the proclamation of the gospel, the building up of the church, and the transformation of lives. Just as the Father sent the Son, and the Son sent His disciples (John 20:21), so too are ministers like Timothy sent as Christ's representatives. Therefore, receiving Timothy "without fear" and respecting his work is, in essence, receiving and honoring Christ Himself, who empowers and legitimizes all true gospel ministry (Matthew 10:40).