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Public-domain commentary
Matthew Henry
From his Commentary on the Whole Bible. Henry comments on passages, not single verses — this entry covers 1 Corinthians 16:10–12. His two-level outline is real structure in the source text, so it is rendered as structure.
In this passage,
I.He recommends Timothy to them, in several particulars. As,
1.He bids them take care that he should be among them without feat, Co1 16:10. Timothy was sent by the apostle to correct the abuses which had crept in among them; and not only to direct, but to blame, and censure, and reprove, those who were culpable. They were all in factions, and no doubt the mutual strife and hatred ran very high among them. There were some very rich, as it is probable; and many very proud, upon account both of their outward wealth and spiritual gifts. Proud spirits cannot easily bear reproof. It was reasonable therefore to think young Timothy might be roughly used; hence the apostle warns them against using him ill. Not but that he was prepared for the worst; but, whatever his firmness and prudence might be, it was their duty to behave themselves well towards him, and not discourage and dishearten him in his Lord's work. They should not fly out into resentment at his reproof. Note, Christians should bear faithful reproofs from their ministers, and not terrify and discourage them from doing their duty.
2.He warns them against despising him, Co1 16:11. He was but a young man, and alone, as Ecumenius observes. He had no one to back him, and his own youthful face and years commanded but little reverence; and therefore the great pretenders to wisdom among them might be apt to entertain contemptuous thoughts of him. "Now," says the apostle, "guard against this." Not that he distrusted Timothy; he knew that Timothy would do nothing to bring contempt on his character, nothing to make his youth despicable. But pride was a reigning sin among the Corinthians, and such a caution was but too necessary. Note, Christians should be very careful not to pour contempt on any, but especially on ministers, the faithful ministers of Christ. These, whether young or old, are to be had in high esteem for their works sake.
3.He tells them they should give him all due encouragement, use him well while he was with them; and, as an evidence of this, they should send him away in friendship, and well prepared for his journey back again to Paul. This, as I have before observed, is the meaning of bringing him on his journey in peace, Co1 16:11. Note, Faithful ministers are not only to be well received by a people among whom they may for a season minister, but are to be sent away with due respect.
II.He assigns the reasons why they should behave thus towards Timothy.
1.Because he was employed in the same work as Paul, and acted in it by the same authority, Co1 16:10. He did not come on Paul's errand among them, nor to do his work, but the work of the Lord. Though he was not an apostle, he was assistant to one, and was sent upon this very business by a divine commission. And therefore to vex his spirit would be to grieve the Holy Spirit; to despise him would be to despise him that sent him, not Paul, but Paul's Lord and theirs. Note, Those who work the work of the Lord should be neither terrified nor despised, but treated with all tenderness and respect. Such are all the faithful ministers of the word, though not all in the same rank and degree. Pastors and teachers, as well as apostles and evangelists, while they are doing their duty, are to be treated with honour and respect.
2.Another reason is implied; as they were to esteem him for his work's sake, so also for Paul's sake, who had sent him to Corinth; not of his own errand indeed, but to work the work of the Lord: Conduct him forth in peace, that he may come to me, for I look for him with the brethren (Co1 16:11); or I with the brethren look for him (the original will bear either), ekdechomai gar auton meta tōn adelphōn - "I am expecting his return, and his report concerning you; and shall judge by your conduct towards him what your regard and respect for me will be. Look to it that you send him back with no evil report." Paul might expect from the Corinthians, that a messenger from him, upon such an errand, should be regarded, and well treated. His services and success among them, his authority with them as an apostle, would challenge this at their hands. They would hardly dare to send back Timothy with a report that would grieve or provoke the apostle. "I and the brethren expect his return, wait for the report he is to make; and therefore do not use him ill, but respect him, regard his message, and let him return in peace."
III.He informs them of Apollos's purpose to see them.
1.He himself had greatly desired him to come to them, Co1 16:12. Though one party among them had declared for Apollos against Paul (if that passage is to be understood literally, vide Co1 4:6), yet Paul did not hinder Apollos from going to Corinth in his own absence, nay, he pressed him to go thither. He had no suspicions of Apollos, as if he would lessen Paul's interest and respect among them, to the advancement of his own. Note, Faithful ministers are not apt to entertain jealousies of each other, nor suspect of such selfish designs. True charity and brotherly love think no evil. And where should these reign, if not in the breasts of the ministers of Christ?
2.Apollos could not be prevailed on for the present to come, but would at a more convenient season. Perhaps their feuds and factions might render the present season improper. He would not go to be set at the head of a party and countenance the dividing and contentious humour. When this had subsided, through Paul's epistle to them and Timothy's ministry among them, he might conclude a visit would be more proper. Apostles did not vie with each other, but consulted each other's comfort and usefulness. Paul intimates his great regard to the church of Corinth, when they had used him ill, by entreating Apollos to go to them; and Apollos shows his respect to Paul, and his concern to keep up his character and authority, by declining the journey till the Corinthians were in better temper. Note, It is very becoming the ministers of the gospel to have and manifest a concern for each other's reputation and usefulness.
Historical interpretation
Historical Reception
2 surviving comments on this verse. Each one is dated, so this reads as a timeline rather than a list.
Select a marker to jump to its quote. Markers stagger vertically where authors wrote within a few decades of each other.
Paul mentions Timothy’s great merit in order to teach them not only that he should be treated with honor in their company but that once he had made preparations to leave he should be sent on his way with deference, because he was an apostle of the Lord.
"Let no one therefore despise him." And not this only doth he demand of them, but also greater honor; wherefore also he saith, "but set him forward in peace;" that is, without fear; causing no fightings or contentions, no enmities or hatreds, but rendering all subjection as to a teacher.
"That he may come unto me: for I expect him with the brethren." This also was the language of one that would alarm them. That is, in order that they might become more considerate, as knowing that all would be told him whatever Timothy's treatment might be, he adds therefore, "for I expect him." And besides, hereby he both shows that Timothy is worthy of their confidence; since being on the point of departing he waits for him; and also signifies the love which he hath towards them, it appearing that for their sakes he sent away one so useful to him.
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Summary
In 1 Corinthians 16:11, the Apostle Paul issues specific instructions to the Corinthian church regarding his co-worker, Timothy. He urges them to receive Timothy with honor, ensuring no one treats him with contempt, and to facilitate his peaceful and safe return journey to Paul and the other brethren. This directive underscores the importance of respecting God's messengers, practicing Christian hospitality, and maintaining unity within the apostolic mission.
Context
Literary Context
This verse is situated within the concluding section of Paul's First Epistle to the Corinthians, specifically within his personal travel plans and final instructions to the church in Corinth (1 Corinthians 16). Having addressed a wide array of theological and practical issues throughout the letter, Paul now shifts to practical matters concerning his upcoming visit, the collection for the saints in Jerusalem, and the movements of his apostolic team. The preceding verse, 1 Corinthians 16:10, introduces Timothy's anticipated arrival, setting the stage for Paul's protective and pastoral exhortation in verse 11. Paul's concern for Timothy's reception highlights the vulnerability of traveling ministers and the need for the church to extend appropriate care and respect.
Historical & Cultural Context
In the Greco-Roman world, traveling was often perilous, and messengers or representatives relied heavily on the hospitality and protection of those they visited. Young or less experienced individuals, even those carrying significant messages, might be susceptible to being undervalued or disrespected, particularly in a church like Corinth, which struggled with issues of pride, factions, and a tendency to evaluate leaders based on worldly wisdom rather than spiritual authority (as seen in 1 Corinthians 1:10-17 and 1 Corinthians 3:1-9). Paul's explicit instruction to "despise him" (Timothy) and to "conduct him forth in peace" reflects the cultural imperative of ensuring safe passage and honorable treatment for guests, especially those on a mission. It also implicitly addresses the potential for the Corinthians' internal issues to manifest in their treatment of an apostolic delegate.
Key Themes
This verse contributes to several overarching themes in 1 Corinthians and Paul's broader theology. It reinforces the theme of respect for spiritual authority and God's messengers, emphasizing that those who serve the Gospel, regardless of their perceived status or youth, are to be honored and supported (compare 1 Thessalonians 5:12-13). The directive to "conduct him forth in peace" highlights the importance of Christian hospitality and practical support for those engaged in ministry, a principle Paul frequently champions (e.g., Romans 12:13 and Hebrews 13:2). Furthermore, Paul's anticipation of Timothy's return to him "with the brethren" underscores the theme of apostolic unity and collaborative ministry, demonstrating that the spread of the Gospel was a joint effort among dedicated co-workers, all accountable to one another and ultimately to Christ.
Exposition and Analysis
Key Word Analysis
This word means to look down upon, scorn, treat with contempt, or set at nought. Paul's use of this strong term indicates a genuine concern that Timothy, perhaps due to his youth or gentle demeanor, might be underestimated or disrespect by the often arrogant and factionalized Corinthian church. It is a preventative command, urging the Corinthians to treat Timothy with the honor due to an authorized representative of Paul and, by extension, of Christ.
This verb means to send forward, escort, or aid in travel, often implying providing provisions or assistance for a journey. This was a common practice in the ancient world for honored guests or travelers. Paul's instruction here is not merely to let Timothy leave, but to actively facilitate his departure, ensuring he is well-equipped and safely sent on his way.
This term signifies peace in a broad sense, encompassing harmony, prosperity, and rest. When combined with "conduct him forth," it implies a departure free from conflict, ill-will, or any hindrance. It means sending Timothy off in a manner that reflects unity, goodwill, and spiritual blessing, ensuring his mission is completed and his return journey is undisturbed.
Verse Breakdown
"Let no man therefore despise him:"
Paul issues a direct, imperative command, using a strong negative particle ("no man") to forbid any contemptuous treatment of Timothy. The "therefore" connects this instruction to Timothy's expected arrival mentioned in the previous verse, emphasizing that his reception must be one of honor and respect, not scorn or disregard. This highlights Timothy's authority as Paul's representative.
"but conduct him forth in peace,"
This clause provides the positive counterpoint to the preceding negative command. Instead of despising him, the Corinthians are actively commanded to "conduct him forth," meaning to escort, assist, and provide for his journey. The phrase "in peace" specifies the manner of this send-off: it must be harmonious, supportive, and free from any strife or ill-will, ensuring Timothy's well-being and the success of his mission.
"that he may come unto me:"
This phrase states the explicit purpose of the Corinthians' actions. Their proper reception and peaceful send-off of Timothy are essential for him to successfully complete his mission in Corinth and then return to Paul. It underscores the interconnectedness of Paul's apostolic team and the importance of the local church's cooperation in their broader ministry.
"for I look for him with the brethren."
This final clause provides the reason or motivation for Paul's specific instructions. Paul is eagerly awaiting Timothy's return, and he is doing so "with the brethren," indicating that Timothy is part of a larger, unified apostolic company. This personal anticipation from Paul adds weight to his command, showing his deep care for Timothy and his desire for their reunion and continued collaboration.
Literary Devices
Paul employs several literary devices in this concise verse to convey his pastoral directives. The most prominent is the Imperative Mood, evident in "Let no man... despise him" and "conduct him forth," which conveys direct commands and expectations to the Corinthian church. There is also a clear Antithesis between "despise him" and "conduct him forth in peace," contrasting the negative behavior to be avoided with the positive action required. The verse also functions as a Personal Appeal, as Paul's concern for Timothy is deeply personal ("that he may come unto me: for I look for him with the brethren"), adding emotional weight and urgency to his instructions. Furthermore, the overall Pastoral Tone is evident, as Paul, in his role as a spiritual father, provides guidance not only for Timothy's welfare but also for the spiritual health and conduct of the Corinthian believers.
Theological and Thematic Connections
This verse, while seemingly a practical instruction, carries significant theological weight, reflecting broader biblical principles concerning the treatment of God's servants and the nature of Christian community. It underscores the divine expectation that those who minister the Word are to be received with honor, not contempt, recognizing that their message and person are intrinsically linked to the authority of the one who sent them. The emphasis on "peace" in their departure speaks to the ideal of Christian fellowship, where relationships are characterized by harmony and mutual support, even in transitions. This principle extends beyond individual ministers to the collective body of Christ, where every member's contribution is valued and facilitated for the common good and the advancement of the Gospel.
Reflection and Application
Paul's instruction regarding Timothy offers profound insights for believers today, reminding us of our ongoing responsibility to honor and support those who serve in ministry. It challenges us to examine our attitudes towards spiritual leaders, recognizing that true respect is not based on their age, charisma, or perceived status, but on their calling and faithfulness to God's Word. We are called to actively facilitate their work, not just passively allow it, providing practical support, prayer, and an environment of peace and encouragement. This means guarding against critical spirits, gossip, or any form of contempt that might undermine their effectiveness or discourage their hearts. Ultimately, our reception and treatment of God's messengers reflect our reverence for God Himself and our commitment to the advancement of His kingdom.
Questions for Reflection
FAQ
Who is "him" in this verse, and why would Paul be concerned about his treatment?
The "him" refers to Timothy, Paul's trusted co-worker and protégé, as indicated in 1 Corinthians 16:10. Paul was concerned about Timothy's treatment because Timothy was relatively young (see 1 Timothy 4:12) and perhaps less assertive than Paul. The Corinthian church had a history of factionalism, pride, and a tendency to evaluate leaders based on worldly wisdom and eloquence rather than spiritual authority, making Timothy potentially vulnerable to being "despised" or undervalued. Paul's instruction is a protective measure to ensure Timothy's mission is effective and his person is honored.
What does "conduct him forth in peace" mean practically for the Corinthian church?
"Conduct him forth in peace" (Greek: propémpō en eirḗnē) implies several practical actions. It means to escort Timothy on his journey, providing for his needs (food, lodging, travel expenses), and ensuring his departure is harmonious and free from conflict or hindrance. It reflects the ancient practice of hospitality, where hosts would not only welcome guests but also assist them in their onward journey, ensuring their safety and well-being. For the Corinthians, it meant actively facilitating Timothy's return to Paul, demonstrating goodwill and support for his ministry.
Christ-Centered Fulfillment
While 1 Corinthians 16:11 is a specific instruction concerning Timothy, it resonates with profound Christ-centered principles. The command to "despise him" finds its ultimate and tragic fulfillment in the world's rejection and contempt for Christ Himself, who was "despised and rejected by mankind" (Isaiah 53:3). Yet, in His resurrection, God vindicated Him, exalting Him above all. Furthermore, the directive to "conduct him forth in peace" foreshadows the ultimate peace that Christ brings, both through His atoning work on the cross (Colossians 1:20) and through the Holy Spirit He sends to guide His church (John 14:27). Christ is the one who sends His messengers (like Timothy) into the world, empowering them with His authority (Matthew 28:18-20), and He is the one who ultimately gathers His people to Himself, just as Paul awaited Timothy "with the brethren." The church's treatment of Timothy, a representative of Christ, reflects its understanding and reception of Christ Himself, reminding us that welcoming God's servants is a way of welcoming the Lord who sent them (Matthew 10:40).