The Greek word aphóbōs, represented by G870, is an adverb meaning fearlessly or without fear. It appears 4 times across 4 unique verses in the Bible. The word is formed from a negative particle combined with the word for fear, denoting an absence of fear, which can be expressed as either holy confidence or reckless abandon depending on the context.
The use of G870 varies significantly across its appearances. In a positive sense, it describes the outcome of God's deliverance, where His people can serve him without fear Luke 1:74. It is also used to portray the courage of the brethren who, inspired by Paul's circumstances, became bold enough to speak the word without fear Philippians 1:14. Paul also uses it when instructing the Corinthian church to ensure Timotheus may be with them without fear as he does the Lord's work 1 Corinthians 16:10. In a starkly negative context, Jude uses it to describe false teachers who are "feeding themselves without fear," highlighting their godless self-indulgence Jude 1:12.
Several related words help clarify the contexts in which one can act without fear:
- G4506 rhýomai (rescue): This word for deliverance sets the foundation for fearless action. It is by being delivered from the hand of our enemies that we are able to serve God without fear Luke 1:74.
- G3000 latreúō (serve): This term for religious homage or worship is the intended result of being delivered. The goal is to serve him without fear, showing that true worship is uninhibited by external threats Luke 1:74.
- G2980 laléō (to speak): This word is used for proclaiming the gospel. Confidence in the Lord empowers believers to speak the word without fear Philippians 1:14.
- G2038 ergázomai (to toil, work): This term defines the basis for supporting fellow believers. Paul urges that Timothy be received without fear because he worketh the work of the Lord 1 Corinthians 16:10.
The theological significance of G870 is tied to the source of the fearlessness.
- Worship Born from Deliverance: The ability to serve God without fear is presented as a direct gift from God, granted after He has delivered His people from their enemies Luke 1:74. Fearless worship is a consequence of salvation.
- Confidence in God's Sovereignty: Believers are able to speak the word without fear because their confidence is in the Lord, not in their own strength or circumstances. This boldness is a mark of faith Philippians 1:14.
- Profane Recklessness: In contrast, acting without fear can be a sign of godlessness. Jude describes false teachers who feast without fear, indicating a complete lack of reverence for God or accountability for their actions Jude 1:12.
In summary, G870 aphóbōs is a powerful adverb that describes more than mere courage; it defines a state of being whose virtue depends entirely on its motivation. When rooted in God's deliverance and a confident trust in Him, it results in holy boldness to serve Him and proclaim His word. However, when stemming from self-interest and a disregard for divine authority, it manifests as a dangerous and profane recklessness.
TRV