1 Corinthians 13:12
Bible text: King James Version (1769 Blayney text) · Public domain
Bible text: King James Version with Strong's numbers · Public domain
Bible text: Berean Standard Bible · Public domain
Bible text: American Standard Version (1901) · Public domain
Bible text: World English Bible, Messianic edition · Public domain
Bible text: Geneva Bible (1599) · Public domain
Bible text: Young's Literal Translation · Public domain
- βλέπομενblepomenWe seeG991V-PAI-1PVerb Present Active Indicative 1st Plural
- γὰρgarforG1063CONJConjunction
- ἄρτιartipresentlyG737ADVAdverb
- δι᾽di᾽throughG1223PREPPreposition
- ἐσόπτρουesoptroua glassG2072N-GSNNoun Genitive Singular Neuter
- ἐνeninG1722PREPPreposition
- αἰνίγματιainigmatiobscurityG135N-DSNNoun Dative Singular Neuter
- τότεtotethenG5119ADVAdverb
- δὲdehoweverG1161CONJConjunction
- πρόσωπονprosōponfaceG4383N-ASNNoun Accusative Singular Neuter
- πρὸςprostoG4314PREPPreposition
- πρόσωπον·prosōponfaceG4383N-ASNNoun Accusative Singular Neuter
- ἄρτιartipresentlyG737ADVAdverb
- γινώσκωginōskōI knowG1097V-PAI-1SVerb Present Active Indicative 1st Singular
- ἐκekinG1537PREPPreposition
- μέρουςmerouspartG3313N-GSNNoun Genitive Singular Neuter
- τότεtotethenG5119ADVAdverb
- δὲdehoweverG1161CONJConjunction
- ἐπιγνώσομαιepignōsomaiI will know fullyG1921V-FDI-1SVerb Future Middle Deponent Indicative 1st Singular
- καθὼςkathōseven asG2531CONJConjunction
- καὶkaialsoG2532CONJConjunction
- ἐπεγνώσθηνepegnōsthēnI have been fully knownG1921V-2API-1SVerb 2nd Aorist Passive Indicative 1st Singular
English is a literal word-by-word gloss of the Greek, not the KJV's wording. Why?
This is the original text the KJV's translators worked from — each Greek word with its own literal English meaning in this verse, prepared by scholars at Tyndale House, Cambridge. The KJV translates whole sentences, not word by word, so its wording differs: one Greek word can become several English words, and the KJV may choose “charity” where the gloss reads “love”. Both are faithful — they answer different questions. For the KJV's own rendering, switch to the KJV text.
Words in [ ] are added by the English.
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Public-domain commentary
Matthew Henry
From his Commentary on the Whole Bible. Henry wrote on whole passages, and this entry covers 1 Corinthians 13:8–13. He set out his notes in a two-level outline, kept here as he numbered it.
Here the apostle goes on to commend charity, and show how much it is preferable to the gifts on which the Corinthians were so apt to pride themselves, to the utter neglect, and almost extinction, of charity. This he makes out,
I.From its longer continuance and duration:
Charity never faileth. It is a permanent and perpetual grace, lasting as eternity; whereas the extraordinary gifts on which the Corinthians valued themselves were of short continuance. They were only to edify the church on earth, and that but for a time, not during its whole continuance in this world; but in heaven would be all superseded, which yet is the very seat and element of love. Prophecy must fail, that is, either the prediction of things to come (which is its most common sense) or the interpretation of scripture by immediate inspiration. Tongues will cease, that is, the miraculous power of speaking languages without learning them. There will be but one language in heaven. There is no confusion of tongues in the region of perfect tranquility. And knowledge will vanish away. Not that, in the perfect state above, holy and happy souls shall be unknowing, ignorant: it is a very poor happiness that can consist with utter ignorance. The apostle is plainly speaking of miraculous gifts, and therefore of knowledge to be had out of the common way (see 1 Corinthians 14:6), a knowledge of mysteries supernaturally communicated. Such knowledge was to vanish away. Some indeed understand it of common knowledge acquired by instruction, taught and learnt. This way of knowing is to vanish away, though the knowledge itself, once acquired, will not be lost. But it is plain that the apostle is here setting the grace of charity in opposition to supernatural gifts. And it is more valuable, because more durable; it shall last, when they shall be no more; it shall enter into heaven, where they will have no place, because they will be of no use, though, in a sense, even our common knowledge may be said to cease in heaven, by reason of the improvement that will then be made in it. The light of a candle is perfectly obscured by the sun shining in its strength.
II.He hints that these gifts are adapted only to a state of imperfection:
We know in part, and we prophesy in part, 1 Corinthians 13:9. Our best knowledge and our greatest abilities are at present like our condition, narrow and temporary. Even the knowledge they had by inspiration was but in part. How little a portion of God, and the unseen world, was heard even by apostles and inspired men! How much short do others come of them! But these gifts were fitted to the present imperfect state of the church, valuable in themselves, but not to be compared with charity, because they were to vanish with the imperfections of the church, nay, and long before, whereas charity was to last for ever.
III.He takes occasion hence to show how much better it will be with the church hereafter than it can be here.
A state of perfection is in view (1 Corinthians 13:10): When that which is perfect shall come, then that which is in part shall be done away. When the end is once attained, the means will of course be abolished. There will be no need of tongues, and prophecy, and inspired knowledge, in a future life, because then the church will be in a state of perfection, complete both in knowledge and holiness. God will be known then clearly, and in a manner by intuition, and as perfectly as the capacity of glorified minds will allow; not by such transient glimpses, and little portions, as here. The difference between these two states is here pointed at in two particulars:
1.The present state is a state of childhood, the future that of manhood: When I was a child, I spoke as a child (that is, as some think, spoke with tongues), I understood as a child; ephronoun - sapiebam (that is, "I prophesied, I was taught the mysteries of the kingdom of heaven, in such an extraordinary way as manifested I was not out of my childish state"), I thought, or reasoned, elogizomēn, as a child; but, when I became a man, I put away childish things. Such is the difference between earth and heaven. What narrow views, what confused and indistinct notions of things, have children, in comparison of grown men! And how naturally do men, when reason is ripened and matured, despise and relinquish their infant thoughts, put them away, reject them, esteem as nothing! Thus shall we think of our most valued gifts and acquisitions in this world, when we come to heaven. We shall despise our childish folly, in priding ourselves in such things when we are grown up to men in Christ.
2.Things are all dark and confused now, in comparison of what they will be hereafter: Now we see through a glass darkly (en ainigmati, in a riddle), then face to face; now we know in part, but then we shall know as we are known. Now we can only discern things at a great distance, as through a telescope, and that involved in clouds and obscurity; but hereafter the things to be known will be near and obvious, open to our eyes; and our knowledge will be free from all obscurity and error. God is to be seen face to face; and we are to know him as we are known by him; not indeed as perfectly, but in some sense in the same manner. We are known to him by mere inspection; he turns his eye towards us, and sees and searches us throughout. We shall then fix our eye on him, and see him as he is, 1 John 3:2. We shall know how we are known, enter into all the mysteries of divine love and grace. O glorious change! To pass from darkness to light, from clouds to the clear sunshine of our Saviour's face, and in God's own light to see light! Psalm 36:9. Note, It is the light of heaven only that will remove all clouds and darkness from the face of God. It is at best but twilight while we are in this world; there it will be perfect and eternal day.
IV.To sum up the excellences of charity, he prefers it not only to gifts, but to other graces, to faith and hope (1 Corinthians 13:13):
And now abide faith, hope, and charity; but the greatest of these is charity. True grace is much more excellent than any spiritual gifts whatever. And faith, hope, and love, are the three principal graces, of which charity is the chief, being the end to which the other two are but means. This is the divine nature, the soul's felicity, or its complacential rest in God, and holy delight in all his saints. And it is everlasting work, when faith and hope shall be no more. Faith fixes on the divine revelation, and assents to that: hope fastens on future felicity, and waits for that: and in heaven faith well be swallowed up in vision, and hope in fruition. There is no room to believe and hope, when we see and enjoy. But love fastens on the divine perfections themselves, and the divine image on the creatures, and our mutual relation both to God and them. These will all shine forth in the most glorious splendours in another world, and there will love be made perfect; there we shall perfectly love God, because he will appear amiable for ever, and our hearts will kindle at the sight, and glow with perpetual devotion. And there shall we perfectly love one another, when all the saints meet there, when none but saints are there, and saints made perfect. O blessed state! How much surpassing the best below! O amiable and excellent grace of charity! How much does it exceed the most valuable gift, when it outshines every grace, and is the everlasting consummation of them! When faith and hope are at an end, true charity will burn for ever with the brightest flame. Note, Those border most upon the heavenly state and perfection whose hearts are fullest of this divine principle, and burn with the most fervent charity. It is the surest offspring of God, and bears his fairest impression. For God is love, 1 John 4:8, 1 John 4:16. And where God is to be seen as he is, and face to face, there charity is in its greatest height - there, and there only, will it be perfected.
Historical interpretation
Two Centuries of Reception
13 surviving comments on this verse. Each one is dated, so this reads as a timeline rather than a list.
Select a marker to jump to its quote. Markers stagger vertically where authors wrote within a few decades of each other.
We know ourselves by reflection, as in a mirror. We contemplate, as far as we may, the creative cause on the basis of the divine element in us.
In saying, therefore, "I have given you milk to drink "has he not indicated the knowledge of the truth, the perfect gladness in the Word, who is the milk? And what follows next, "not meat, for ye were not able "may indicate the clear revelation in the future world, like food, face to face. "For now we see as through a glass "the same apostle says, "but then face to face.".
Spiritually, therefore, the apostle writes respecting the knowledge of God, "For now we see as through a glass, but then face to face."
We declare, however, that the Son also, considered in Himself (as the Son), is invisible, in that He is God, and the Word and Spirit of God; but that He was visible before the days of His flesh, in the way that He says to Aaron and Miriam, "And if there shall be a prophet amongst you, I will make myself known to him in a vision, and will speak to him in a dream; not as with Moses, with whom I shall speak mouth to mouth, even apparently, that is to say, in truth, and not enigmatically" that is to say, in image; as the apostle also expresses it, "Now we see through a glass, darkly (or enigmatically), but then face to face." Since, therefore, He reserves to some future time His presence and speech face to face with Moses-a promise which was afterwards fulfilled in the retirement of the mount (of transfiguration), when as we read in the Gospel," Moses appeared talking with Jesus" -it is evident that in early times it was always in a glass, (as it were, )and an enigma, in vision and dream, that God, I mean the Son of God, appeared-to the prophets and the patriarchs, as also to Moses indeed himself.
If the knowledge manifested to those worthy of it comes through a mirror and is an enigma in the present age and will be fully revealed only “then,” it is foolish to suppose that it will not be the same for the other virtues as well.
That he secrets of God cannot be seen through, and therefore that our faith ought to be simple. In the first Epistle of Paul to the Corinthians: "We see now through the glass in an enigma, but then with face to face. Now I know partly; but then I shall know even as also I am known." Also in Solomon, in Wisdom: "And in simplicity of heart seek Him." Also in the same: "He who walketh with simplicity, walketh trustfully." Also in the same: "Seek not things higher than thyself, and look not into things stronger than thyself." Also in Solomon: "Be not excessively righteous, and do not reason more than is required." Also in Isaiah: "Woe unto them who are convicted in themselves." Also in the Maccabees: "Daniel in his simplicity was delivered from the mouth of tile lions." Also in the Epistle of Paul to the Romans: "Oh the depth of the riches of the wisdom and knowledge of God! How incomprehensible are His judgments, and how unsearchable are His ways! For who has known the mind of the Lord? or who has been His counsellor? or who has first given to Him, and it shall be recompensed to him again? Because from Him, and through Him, and in Him, are all things: to Him be glory for ever and ever." Also to Timothy: "But foolish and unlearned questions avoid, knowing that they generate strifes. But the servant of God ought not to strive, but to be gentle towards all men."
"face to face "and not "darkly "and "in part.".
Know that shadows and figures have ceased; and we hasten on to the truth, proclaiming its glorious images. For now we know "in part "and as it were "through a glass"
But, before I take up the matter itself of the profession of faith, the following warning should be given: It is impossible to express in one word or one concept, or to grasp with the mind at all, the majesty and glory of God, which is unutterable and incomprehensible, and the Holy Scripture, although for the most part employing words in current use, speaks obscurely 'as through a glass (1 Cor 13.12),’ even to the clean of heart. They have been promised to those who are accounted worthy in the life to come. But now, even if a man be a Paul or a Peter, even though he truly sees what he sees and is not misled nor deceived by his imagination, yet he sees through a glass and in a dark manner, and he looks forward with great joy to perfect knowledge in the future of that which he receives now in part with thanksgiving. - "Homily on Faith"
No one has yet discovered or shall ever discover what God is in his nature and essence. As for a discovery some time in the future, let those who have a mind for it research and speculate. The discovery will take place, so my reason tells me, when this Godlike, divine thing, I mean our mind and reason, mingles with its kin, when the copy returns to the pattern it now longs after. This seems to me to be the meaning of the great dictum that we shall, in time to come, know even as we are known.
This means that the things which we now hear on the authority of the Scriptures we believe to be so. After the resurrection we shall see them with our eyes and know them in reality, when partial knowledge has ceased, for the knowledge which depends on hearing is part of the knowledge of an eyewitness and of experience.
"For now we see in a mirror." Further, because the glass sets before us the thing seen indefinitely, he added, "darkly," to show very strongly that the present knowledge is most partial.
"But then face to face." Not as though God hath a face, but to express the notion of greater clearness and perspicuity. Seest thou how we learn all things by gradual addition?
"Now I know in part; but then shall I know even as also I have been known." Seest thou how in two ways he pulls down their pride? Both because their knowledge is in part, and because not even this have they of themselves. "For I knew Him not, but He made Himself known to me," saith he. Wherefore, even as now He first knew me, and Himself hastened towards me, so shall I hasten towards Him then much more than now. For so he that sits in darkness, as long as he sees not the sun doth not of himself hasten to meet the beauty of its beam, which indeed shows itself as soon as it hath begun to shine: but when he perceives its brightness, then also himself at length follows after its light: This then is the meaning of the expression, "even as also I have been known." Not that we shall so know him as He is, but that even as He hastened toward us now, so also shall we cleave unto Him then, and shall know many of the things which are now secret, and shall enjoy that most blessed society and wisdom. For if Paul who knew so much was a child, consider what those things must be. If these be "a glass" and "a riddle," do thou hence again infer, God's open Face, how great a thing It is.
But that I may open out to thee some small part of this difference, and may impart some faint ray of this thought to thy soul, I would have thee recall to mind things as they were in the Law, now after that grace hath shone forth. For those things too, that came before grace, had a certain great and marvellous appearance: nevertheless, hear what Paul saith of them after grace came: "That which was made glorious had no glory in this respect, by reason of the glory that surpasseth."
But what say those who shrink from nothing? That the expression, "now I know in part," is spoken in dispensations; for that the Apostle had the perfect knowledge of God. And now he calls himself a child? How sees he "in a mirror?" How "darkly," if he hath the sum of knowledge? And why doth he refer to it as something peculiar to the Spirit, and to no other power in the creation, saying, "For who among men knoweth the things of a man, save the spirit of the man which is in him? Even so the things of God none knoweth, save the Spirit of God." And Christ again sayeth that this belongs to Himself alone, thus saying, "Not that any man hath seen the Father, save He which is from God, He hath seen the Father," giving the name, "sight," to the most clear and perfect knowledge.
And how shall he who knoweth the Essence, be ignorant of the dispensations? since that knowledge is greater than this.
"Are we then," saith he, "ignorant of God?" Far from it. That He is, we know, but what He is, as regards His Essence, we know not yet. And that thou mayst understand that not concerning the dispensations did he speak the words, "now I know in part," hear what follows. He adds then, "but then shall I know, even as also I have been known." He was surely known not by the dispensations, but by God.
Let none therefore consider this to be a small or simple transgression, but twofold, and threefold, yea and manifold. For not only is there this impiety that they boast of knowing those things which belong to the Spirit alone; and to the only-begotten Son of God, but also that when Paul could not acquire even this knowledge "which is in part" without the revelation from above, these men say that they have obtained the whole from their own reasonings. For neither are they able to point out that the Scripture hath any where discoursed to us of these things.
The dim mirror is the law of Moses, which contains everything in types and shadows.
Face to face—this is how the holy angels, who are called our angels, already see. They are our angels in the sense that once we have been delivered from the power of darkness, have received the pledge of the spirit and have been translated to the kingdom of Christ, we shall have begun to belong to the angels.
But when we begin to have a spiritual body as we are promised in the resurrection, let us see it even in the body, either by an intellectual vision or in some miraculous manner, since the grace of the spiritual body is indescribable. We shall then see it according to our capacity, without limitations of space, not larger in one part and smaller in another, since it is not a body, and it is wholly present everywhere.
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This verse
Now we see as in a dim mirror and know in part, but then we shall see face to face and know God as fully as he already knows us.
“For now we see through a glass, darkly;”
“Now” is this present life. We see God and his truth by reflection, as in a dim metal mirror.
“but then face to face:”
“Then” is the future, the return of Christ and the eternal state, when we shall see God directly.
“now I know in part;”
Paul moves from seeing to knowing, and from “we” to “I”. His own knowledge, apostle as he is, is a small portion of the whole.
“but then shall I know even as also I am known.”
The climax of the verse. Our knowing will match, in fullness and closeness, the way God already knows us.
Love Outlasts Every Gift
1 Corinthians 13:8–13
Summary
Paul has just described what love does (1 Corinthians 13:4–7), and in these six verses he tells us how long it lasts: “Charity never faileth.” Prophecy, tongues and knowledge are real gifts of God to his church in this present age, and they will come to an end, because what they give us is partial. When that which is perfect comes, the partial will be done away, as a grown man puts away the ways of his childhood. For now we see as in a dim mirror and know in part, but then we shall see face to face and know God as fully as he already knows us. Until that day faith, hope and charity remain, and the greatest of them is charity.
Why love outlasts every gift
Paul wrote this chapter to a church that had gifts in abundance and was torn by pride. In 1 Corinthians 12 and 1 Corinthians 14 he deals with the variety, purpose and right use of spiritual gifts, and between the two he sets this chapter as “a more excellent way” (1 Corinthians 12:31). The believers in Corinth had split into factions (1 Corinthians 1:10–17), they shamed one another at the Lord’s Supper (1 Corinthians 11:17–34), and their meetings had to be brought back to order (1 Corinthians 14:26–33). Corinth was a busy, wealthy port city whose many cults and schools of philosophy prized fine speech and ecstatic experience, and some in the church treated tongues and prophecy as signs that they stood higher than others. Paul has already said that even the most impressive gifts are worthless without love (1 Corinthians 13:1–3). Now he gives the reason love stands above them all: it lasts, and they pass.
“Charity” is agápē, the love Paul has just described in verses 4 to 7. It reflects God’s own nature, and it is a matter of choice and action as well as feeling, because it seeks the good of others even at a cost to itself. John writes that “love is of God” and that “God is love” (1 John 4:7–8). The verb “faileth”, ekpíptō, means to drop away or fall off, and Paul joins it to the strong word oudépote, “never”. Whatever else falls away, love will remain.
Prophecy, tongues and knowledge will end
Paul names three gifts and puts the same “whether”, eíte, before each one, so that whichever gift it is, it meets the same end. Prophecies, prophēteía, are inspired speaking of God’s truth. Tongues, glōssa, the word for a tongue and for a language, here means the miraculous gift of speaking in languages unknown to the speaker. Knowledge, gnōsis, is inspired understanding of revealed truth.
For prophecy and for knowledge Paul uses the verb katargéō, which the KJV renders “fail” and “vanish away”. It means to make idle or inactive, to render inoperative, to abolish. These gifts will be set aside when their work is finished. For tongues he uses paúō, “cease”, a plain word for stopping. The same katargéō comes back in verse 10, “shall be done away”, and in verse 11, “I put away”, so the whole passage turns on it. The partial things are set aside, and love stays.
The gifts are good, and God gives them to build up his church in this age. They are means to an end, and love is the end they serve. Paul calls love “the bond of perfectness” (Colossians 3:14) and “the fulfilling of the law” (Romans 13:10). It is the mark of Christian maturity and the bond that unites believers, so the true measure of a believer is how deeply he loves God and his neighbour, more than what he is able to do.
We know in part, and we prophesy in part
Verse 9 opens with gár, “for”, which gives the reason the gifts will end: they are partial. To know, ginṓskō, is to know, come to know, perceive or understand, and “in part” translates ek merous, from méros, a part, share or portion. Whatever we know now, even what God has shown us, is a portion of the whole. To prophesy, prophēteúō, is to speak under inspiration, and in the New Testament that covers teaching, exhortation, comfort and revelation as well as foretelling what is to come. Paul says that this too comes in part. Prophecy gives true glimpses of God’s mind and will, fitted for the time until we have full and direct fellowship with him.
The apostle includes himself in that “we”, and it humbles us. He had already rebuked the Corinthians for boasting, asking them, “what hast thou that thou didst not receive?” (1 Corinthians 4:6–7). He says of himself, “Not as though I had already attained, either were already perfect” (Philippians 3:12). Knowing in part is a reason to hold what we understand with humility and to keep learning all our lives. It also points forward. With all the children of God we hope for what is still unseen, the redemption of the body, and we wait for it with patience (Romans 8:23–25).
Does “we know in part” mean the Bible is incomplete?
Paul is speaking of how much of God’s truth we are able to take in. Scripture itself is “given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness” (2 Timothy 3:16–17), and it contains all that God means us to know for salvation and godly living. The partial part is our grasp of it. Our finite minds, our fallen nature and the limits of this present age keep our understanding partial until we are with him.
When that which is perfect is come
“That which is perfect” translates to teleion, from téleios, which means complete, mature, full-grown or finished. Here it means the completeness that ends the partial, and Paul sets it directly against “that which is in part”. His word is neuter, “the perfect thing”, and it names a state of full revelation and completion. When it comes, the partial “shall be done away”, katargéō once more. The gifts are like scaffolding, needed while a building goes up and taken down once it is complete.
The perfect is most often understood as the return of Christ and the eternal state that follows it. Verse 12 points that way with its “then face to face”, and so do the promises that the Lord himself shall descend from heaven and that “so shall we ever be with the Lord” (1 Thessalonians 4:16–17), and that “when he shall appear, we shall be like him; for we shall see him as he is” (1 John 3:2). Paul also speaks of the church growing up “unto a perfect man, unto the measure of the stature of the fulness of Christ” (Ephesians 4:13).
Have prophecy and tongues ceased today?
Paul teaches here that these gifts are temporary and will end when that which is perfect comes, and believers differ on when that is.
Both agree that the gifts are temporary and that their final end comes with the perfect, and they differ on whether that perfect state has in some sense already arrived. Verse 8 on its own leaves the timing to verse 10, and on either view it lifts love above every gift.
The child and the grown man
To show why the partial must give way, Paul turns to his own life. “Child” is nḗpios, an infant or minor, and figuratively someone simple or immature. The word has traditionally been traced to roots meaning “not speaking”, which fits Paul’s “I spake as a child”. He names three things, speaking, understanding and thinking, so that the whole of a child’s life is in view. All three verbs are in the Greek imperfect tense, the tense of what goes on day after day, and they describe the habits of a child’s ongoing state.
“Became” is gínomai, to become or come into being, and “a man” is anḗr, a grown man, an adult male. “I put away childish things” uses katargéō again, in the perfect tense: Paul has set those ways aside, and they stay set aside. They belong to his past.
The picture explains the verses around it. Our present knowing is like a child’s, real and fitting for its stage, and the coming of the perfect will be like reaching full manhood, when the ways of childhood are left behind. It also speaks to us now. Paul longs for believers to come “unto a perfect man” so that “we henceforth be no more children, tossed to and fro, and carried about with every wind of doctrine” (Ephesians 4:13–14). Hebrews says that milk is for babes and strong meat belongs to those of full age, whose senses are trained by use to discern good and evil (Hebrews 5:12–14). Paul himself kept pressing “toward the mark for the prize of the high calling of God in Christ Jesus” (Philippians 3:12–14).
What are the childish things?
In this letter the childish things are the immature ways of speaking, understanding and thinking that held the Corinthians back. They include their boasting about gifts, their factions, their use of gifts without love, their muddled understanding of the resurrection and their self-centred way of living. Childlike humility and trust are good and belong in every believer. What Paul puts away are the self-focus and partial views of a child, which hinder maturity and the full expression of love.
Through a glass, darkly, then face to face
The “glass” is a mirror, ésoptron. Mirrors in Paul’s day were made of polished metal, usually bronze or silver, and gave a dim and often distorted reflection. “Darkly” translates en ainigmati, from aínigma, a riddle or enigma. Our present sight of God and his truth is indirect and puzzling. We see something real, and what we see is veiled.
“Face to face” is the language of direct, close meeting. It was used of an audience with a king, and Scripture uses it of Moses: “the LORD spake unto Moses face to face, as a man speaketh unto his friend” (Exodus 33:11). In that day we will see God directly: “they shall see his face” (Revelation 22:4), and “we shall see him as he is” (1 John 3:2).
Knowing as we are known
“Now I know in part” uses ginṓskō. “Then shall I know” uses epiginṓskō, a strengthened form of the same verb, meaning to recognise or to know fully. God already knows us completely and closely, and in that day our knowledge of him will be full and direct in the same way. All-knowing belongs to God alone, so the promise concerns the fullness and closeness of our knowing. Every veil will be lifted, and the communion with God that his people have longed for will be complete.
Faith, hope and charity remain
After all the gifts that pass, Paul names what remains. “Abideth” is ménō, to stay, remain or endure. Faith, pístis, is persuasion and conviction: trust in God’s truthfulness and promises, and reliance on Christ for salvation. Hope, elpís, is expectation, looking forward with confidence to what God has promised, the return of Christ and eternal life. Charity is agápē once more.
These three stand together elsewhere in Paul. In Romans, being justified by faith, we rejoice in hope, and that hope “maketh not ashamed; because the love of God is shed abroad in our hearts by the Holy Ghost which is given unto us” (Romans 5:1–5). In Galatians we wait for the hope of righteousness by faith, and what counts is “faith which worketh by love” (Galatians 5:5–6). Paul thanks God for the Colossians’ faith in Christ Jesus and their love to all the saints, “for the hope which is laid up for you in heaven” (Colossians 1:4–5).
“Greatest” is meízōn, the comparative of the word for great, meaning larger or greater. Faith and hope keep their full worth, and love stands above them both.
Why is charity the greatest?
Charity is the greatest because love is who God is: “God is love” (1 John 4:8). It is also the fulfilling of the law (Romans 13:10). Faith and hope belong to the time of waiting, and when we see God face to face, faith will give way to sight and hope will be fulfilled. Love goes on for ever, the bond between God and his people and between his people with one another in the new heavens and the new earth. God showed this love first: “God commendeth his love toward us, in that, while we were yet sinners, Christ died for us” (Romans 5:8), and he so loved the world that he gave his only begotten Son (John 3:16).
Christ, the love that endures
Everything in this passage leads to Jesus Christ. He is the enduring love of verse 8 in person, shown supremely on the cross: “Greater love hath no man than this, that a man lay down his life for his friends” (John 15:13). He is “the same yesterday, and to day, and for ever” (Hebrews 13:8). The gifts all pointed to him. The risen Lord, “beginning at Moses and all the prophets”, expounded to his disciples “in all the scriptures the things concerning himself” (Luke 24:27). At Pentecost the disciples “began to speak with other tongues, as the Spirit gave them utterance” (Acts 2:4), a sign of the new covenant he had begun. The knowledge we hold in part is complete in him, “in whom are hid all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge” (Colossians 2:3), for in him “dwelleth all the fulness of the Godhead bodily” (Colossians 2:9).
God has spoken to us in these last days by his Son (Hebrews 1:1–2). Christ is “the image of the invisible God” (Colossians 1:15), “the brightness of his glory, and the express image of his person” (Hebrews 1:3), and the only begotten Son has declared the Father to us (John 1:18). So the face-to-face seeing of verse 12 is the sight of God in Christ, through whom “we both have access by one Spirit unto the Father” (Ephesians 2:18). He is “the hope of glory” (Colossians 1:27). In him we are fully known and fully loved, and we are being conformed to his image (Romans 8:29) until the day we see him as he is.
Spending our lives on what lasts
Love outlasts every gift, so it is worth giving our lives to. Our gifts, our knowledge and our service matter, and they are temporary tools that God gives for a purpose, which makes them a reason for gratitude and humility. Jesus told his disciples to love one another as he had loved them, and said that by this all men would know they were his disciples (John 13:34–35). To put away childish things is to let the mind be in us “which was also in Christ Jesus” (Philippians 2:5) and to walk “even as he walked” (1 John 2:6). Every act of love, seeking the good of others, forgiving, enduring and giving ourselves up for them, is building something that will last for ever.
Knowing in part also shapes how we hold what we believe. We can hold our convictions with grace, be patient with brothers and sisters who see some things differently, and stay open to learning more from God’s word. The questions we carry now and the things we see only darkly belong to this present age as well. A day is coming when we shall see face to face and know even as we are known, and the love God has given us will go on in his presence for ever.
1 Corinthians 13:8
“Charity never faileth:”
This is the thesis of the whole chapter. Love is the one thing in this verse that has no end, and everything listed after it comes to one.
“but whether there be prophecies, they shall fail;”
The “but” is dé, turning from love to the gifts. Prophecy reveals truth in part and gives guidance for the present age, and it will be made idle once full truth is revealed.
“whether there be tongues, they shall cease;”
Tongues get a different verb from the other two gifts, a simple word for stopping. As a sign gift, their purpose will be fulfilled.
“whether there be knowledge, it shall vanish away.”
The gift of knowledge shares its verb with prophecy. Even the deepest insight given in this life will give way to full and direct knowledge in the eternal state.
1 Corinthians 13:9
“For we know in part,”
Even knowledge God has given is like a single piece of a vast puzzle. Our finite minds are unable to take in the whole depth of his truth, his plans and all that is.
“and we prophesy in part.”
The same “in part” is repeated, so inspired speech shares the limits of knowledge. Prophecy conveys particular parts of God’s will and truth for the present.
1 Corinthians 13:10
“But when that which is perfect is come,”
A future point when completeness arrives. It closes the time in which partial understanding is all we have.
“then that which is in part shall be done away.”
“That which is in part” gathers up the prophecy, tongues and knowledge of verse 8. Once the complete is present, they will have served their purpose.
1 Corinthians 13:11
“When I was a child,”
Paul draws on his own life, and invites each of us to think of our own growing up.
“I spake as a child, I understood as a child, I thought as a child:”
“As a child” three times over covers speech, understanding and reasoning, all of them fitting for a child’s stage of life.
“but when I became a man,”
The “but” is dé again, marking the change from childhood to manhood.
“I put away childish things.”
What was right for a child is set aside by the grown man. It is a finished act whose result remains.
1 Corinthians 13:12 This verse
“For now we see through a glass, darkly;”
“Now” is this present life. We see God and his truth by reflection, as in a dim metal mirror.
“but then face to face:”
“Then” is the future, the return of Christ and the eternal state, when we shall see God directly.
“now I know in part;”
Paul moves from seeing to knowing, and from “we” to “I”. His own knowledge, apostle as he is, is a small portion of the whole.
“but then shall I know even as also I am known.”
The climax of the verse. Our knowing will match, in fullness and closeness, the way God already knows us.
1 Corinthians 13:13
“And now abideth faith, hope, charity, these three;”
“And now” (nyní) turns from what passes to what lasts. Faith trusts God’s promises, hope looks forward to their fulfilment, and charity is the self-giving love that shows who God is and marks his people.
“but the greatest of these is charity.”
The “but” is dé, setting love apart from the other two. The chapter ends where verse 8 began, with charity.
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