from ἐπί and γινώσκω; to know upon some mark, i.e. recognize; by implication, to become fully acquainted with, to acknowledge:--(ac-, have, take)know(-ledge, well), perceive.
### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word **epiginṓskō**, represented by `{{G1921}}`, is formed from ἐπί and γινώσκω and indicates a full or complete knowledge. It appears 43 times across 38 verses in the Bible. The term goes beyond simple awareness to mean **to know upon some mark, i.e. recognize**; by implication, it means **to become fully acquainted with, to acknowledge**. This suggests a deeper, more certain, or experiential understanding.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In the biblical narrative, `{{G1921}}` is often used to describe the act of recognition or perception. After his resurrection, the disciples' eyes were opened and they **knew** him [[Luke 24:31]]. Similarly, crowds would **know** Jesus upon his arrival in a place [[Mark 6:54]]. The Sanhedrin **took knowledge** of the apostles, recognizing that they had been with Jesus [[Acts 4:13]]. This knowledge is not merely intellectual but is also tied to discernment, as believers are told they will **know** others by their fruits ([[Matthew 7:16]], [[Matthew 7:20]]). The word also carries the meaning of acknowledgment, such as when Paul urges the Corinthians to **acknowledge** those who have refreshed their spirits [[1 Corinthians 16:18]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words clarify the nuances of knowing in Scripture:
* `{{G1097}}` **ginṓskō** (to "know" (absolutely)): As the root of **epiginṓskō**, this word provides the foundational concept of knowing. It is used broadly for awareness and understanding, such as the apostle's desire to **know** Christ and the power of His resurrection [[Philippians 3:10]].
* `{{G1381}}` **dokimázō** (to test... to approve): This term relates to knowledge gained through testing or examination. It is used alongside `{{G1921}}` in the command to **examine** and **prove** oneself to see if Christ is within, which is something a believer should **know** [[2 Corinthians 13:5]].
* `{{G1492}}` **eídō** (to see... to know): This word often implies knowledge through sight or perception. It is used when Paul speaks of what "eye hath not **seen**" [[1 Corinthians 2:9]], highlighting a form of knowing that is tied to direct observation.
* `{{G2638}}` **katalambánō** (to take eagerly... comprehend, perceive): This word suggests grasping or fully taking hold of a concept. In Acts, the council first **perceived** that the apostles were unlearned men, and then they **took knowledge** of them, showing a progression from observation to a deeper recognition [[Acts 4:13]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{G1921}}` is significant, pointing to a knowledge that is relational and carries profound implications.
* **Transformative Knowledge:** This level of knowing is not static; it is active and produces fruit. Believers are described as bearing fruit from the day they heard and **knew** the grace of God in truth [[Colossians 1:6]].
* **Eschatological Hope:** A distinction is drawn between partial and complete knowledge. Paul states that while we now know in part, a time is coming when he will **know** fully, even as he is fully **known** [[1 Corinthians 13:12]]. This points toward the believer's ultimate state of perfect communion with God.
* **Accountability and Judgment:** To **know** the way of righteousness and then turn from it is presented as a grave failure, worse than never having known it at all [[2 Peter 2:21]]. Likewise, those who **know** God's judgment but continue in sin are described as worthy of death [[Romans 1:32]].
* **Relational Intimacy:** The highest form of knowledge described by `{{G1921}}` is relational. No one can truly **know** the Father except the Son and those to whom the Son reveals Him [[Matthew 11:27]]. This emphasizes that true knowledge of God is not discovered but revealed within a relationship.
### Summary
In summary, `{{G1921}}` **epiginṓskō** is far more than a term for possessing information. It conveys a deep, full, and often experiential knowledge that involves recognition, acknowledgment, and personal acquaintance. This form of knowing is transformative, holding believers accountable for their actions while also providing the hope of a future, perfect relationship with God. It moves beyond mere facts to the certainty of what has been revealed and experienced.
TRV