TRV
Translation
King James Version
And what the land is, whether it be fat or lean, whether there be wood therein, or not. And be ye of good courage, and bring of the fruit of the land. Now the time was the time of the firstripe grapes.
Complete Jewish Bible
See whether the land is fertile or unproductive and whether there is wood in it or not. Finally, be bold enough to bring back some of the fruit of the land." When they left it was the season for the first grapes to ripen.
Berean Standard Bible
Is the soil fertile or unproductive? Are there trees in it or not? Be courageous, and bring back some of the fruit of the land.” (It was the season for the first ripe grapes.)
American Standard Version
and what the land is, whether it is fat or lean, whether there is wood therein, or not. And be ye of good courage, and bring of the fruit of the land. Now the time was the time of the first-ripe grapes.
World English Bible Messianic
and what the land is, whether it is fat or lean, whether there is wood therein, or not. Be courageous, and bring some of the fruit of the land.” Now the time was the time of the first-ripe grapes.
Geneva Bible (1599)
Also what the lande is that they dwell in, whether it be good or bad: and what cities they be, that they dwell in, whether they dwell in tents, or in walled townes:
Young's Literal Translation
And what the land is , whether it is fat or lean; whether there is wood in it or not; and ye have strengthened yourselves, and have taken of the fruit of the land;' and the days are days of the first-fruits of grapes.
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In the KJVVerse 4,096 of 31,102
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Commentary on Numbers 13 verses 1–20
1 ¶ And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,
2 Send thou men, that they may search the land of Canaan, which I give unto the children of Israel: of every tribe of their fathers shall ye send a man, every one a ruler among them.
3 And Moses by the commandment of the LORD sent them from the wilderness of Paran: all those men were heads of the children of Israel.
4 And these were their names: of the tribe of Reuben, Shammua the son of Zaccur.
5 Of the tribe of Simeon, Shaphat the son of Hori.
6 Of the tribe of Judah, Caleb the son of Jephunneh.
7 Of the tribe of Issachar, Igal the son of Joseph.
8 Of the tribe of Ephraim, Oshea the son of Nun.
9 Of the tribe of Benjamin, Palti the son of Raphu.
10 Of the tribe of Zebulun, Gaddiel the son of Sodi.
11 Of the tribe of Joseph, namely, of the tribe of Manasseh, Gaddi the son of Susi.
12 Of the tribe of Dan, Ammiel the son of Gemalli.
13 Of the tribe of Asher, Sethur the son of Michael.
14 Of the tribe of Naphtali, Nahbi the son of Vophsi.
15 Of the tribe of Gad, Geuel the son of Machi.
16 These are the names of the men which Moses sent to spy out the land. And Moses called Oshea the son of Nun Jehoshua.
17 And Moses sent them to spy out the land of Canaan, and said unto them, Get you up this way southward, and go up into the mountain:
18 And see the land, what it is; and the people that dwelleth therein, whether they be strong or weak, few or many;
19 And what the land is that they dwell in, whether it be good or bad; and what cities they be that they dwell in, whether in tents, or in strong holds;
20 And what the land is, whether it be fat or lean, whether there be wood therein, or not. And be ye of good courage, and bring of the fruit of the land. Now the time was the time of the firstripe grapes.
Here we have, I. Orders given to send spies to search out the land of Canaan. It is here said, God directed Moses to send them (Num 13:1, Num 13:2), but it appears by the repetition of the story afterwards (Deu 1:22) that the motion came originally from the people; they came to Moses, and said, We will send men before us; and it was the fruit of their unbelief. They would not take God's word that it was a good land, and that he would, without fail, put them in possession of it. They could not trust the pillar of cloud and fire to show them the way to it, but had a better opinion of their own politics than of God's wisdom. How absurd was it for them to send to spy out a land which God himself had spied out for them, to enquire the way into it when God himself had undertaken to show them the way! But thus we ruin ourselves by giving more credit to the reports and representations of sense than to divine revelation; we walk by sight, not by faith; whereas, if we will receive the witness of men, without doubt the witness of God is greater. The people making this motion to Moses, he (perhaps not aware of the unbelief at the bottom of it) consulted God in the case, who bade him gratify the people in this matter, and send spies before them: "Let them walk in their own counsels." Yet God was no way accessory to the sin that followed, for the sending of these spies was so far from being the cause of the sin that if the spies had done their duty, and the people theirs, it might have been the confirmation of their faith, and of good service to them.
II. The persons nominated that were to be employed in this service (Num 13:4, etc.), one of each tribe, that it might appear to be the act of the people in general; and rulers, person of figure in their respective tribes, some of the rulers of thousands or hundreds, to put the greater credit upon their embassy. This was designed for the best, but it proved to have this ill effect that the quality of the persons occasioned the evil report they brought up to be the more credited and the people to be the more influenced by it. Some think that they are all named for the sake of two good ones that were among them, Caleb and Joshua. Notice is taken of the change of Joshua's name upon this occasion, Num 13:16. He was Moses's minister, but had been employed, though of the tribe of Ephraim, as general of the forces that were sent out against Amalek. The name by which he was generally called and known in his own tribe was Oshea, but Moses called him Joshua, in token of his affection to him and power over him; and now, it should seem, he ordered others to call him so, and fixed that to be his name henceforward. Oshea signifies a prayer for salvation, Save thou; Joshua signifies a promise of salvation, He will save, in answer to that prayer: so near is the relation between prayers and promises. Prayers prevail for promises, and promises direct and encourage prayers. Some think that Moses designed, by taking the first syllable of the name Jehovah and prefixing it to his name, which turned Hoshea into Jehoshua, to put an honour upon him, and to encourage him in this and all his future services with the assurances of God's presence. Yet after this he is called Hoshea, Deu 32:44. Jesus is the same name with Joshua, and it is the name of our Lord Christ, of whom Joshua was a type as successor to Moses, Israel's captain, and conqueror of Canaan. There was another of the same name, who was also a type of Christ, Zac 6:11. Joshua was the saviour of God's people from the powers of Canaan, but Christ is their Saviour from the powers of hell.
III. The instructions given to those spies. They were sent into the land of Canaan the nearest way, to traverse the country, and to take account of its present state, Num 13:17. Two heads of enquiry were given them in charge, 1. Concerning the land itself: See what that is (Num 13:18, and again, Num 13:19), see whether it be good or bad, and (Num 13:20) whether it be fat or lean. All parts of the earth do not share alike in the blessing of fruitfulness; some countries are blessed with a richer soil than others. Moses himself was well satisfied that Canaan was a very good land, but he sent these spies to bring an account of it for the satisfaction of the people; as John Baptist sent to Jesus, to ask whether he was the Christ, not to inform himself, but to inform those he sent. They must take notice whether the air was healthful or no, what the soil was, and what the productions; and, for the better satisfaction of the people, they must bring with them some of the fruits. 2. Concerning the inhabitants - their number, few or many - their size and stature, whether strong able-bodied men or weak, - their habitations, whether they lived in tents or houses, whether in open villages or in walled towns, - whether the woods were standing as in those countries that are uncultivated, through the unskillfulness and slothfulness of the inhabitants, or whether the woods were cut down, and the country made champaign, for the convenience of tillage. These were the things they were to enquire about. Perhaps there had not been of late years such commerce between Egypt and Canaan as there was in Jacob's time, else they might have informed themselves of these things without sending men on purpose to search. See the advantage we may derive from books and learning, which acquaint those that are curious and inquisitive with the state of foreign countries, at a much greater distance than Canaan was now from Israel, without this trouble and expense.
IV. Moses dismisses the spies with this charge, Be of good courage, intimating, not only that they should be themselves encouraged against the difficulties of this expedition, but that they should bring an encouraging account to the people and make the best of every thing. It was not only a great undertaking they were put upon, which required good management and resolution, but it was a great trust that was reposed in them, which required that they should be faithful.
Matthew Henry (1662–1714) — Commentary on the Whole Bible. This section covers verses 1–20. Public domain.
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Source: Quotations drawn from early Church Fathers and historical Christian theologians (AD 100–1500). Some quotes address the surrounding passage context rather than this verse alone.
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SUMMARY
Numbers 13:20 encapsulates Moses' concluding directives to the twelve spies tasked with surveying the Promised Land. This pivotal verse outlines three critical components of their mission: a comprehensive evaluation of Canaan's agricultural fertility and natural resources, an explicit command for the spies to exhibit unwavering courage, and the imperative to gather tangible evidence of the land's bounty. The specific timing, "the time of the firstripe grapes," underscores the strategic moment chosen for the expedition, ensuring the spies could collect compelling proof of the land's inherent fruitfulness and abundance.
CONTEXT
Literary Context: Numbers 13:20 serves as the culminating instruction in Moses' detailed charge to the twelve tribal leaders, whom he dispatched as spies at the Lord's command, as recorded in Numbers 13:1-2. The preceding verses, Numbers 13:18-19, set forth the primary objectives: to assess the strength and number of the inhabitants, the nature of their cities (whether fortified or open), and the overall quality of the land. This particular verse, Numbers 13:20, provides the final, crucial directives, emphasizing both the practical assessment of the land's resources and the vital spiritual posture of courage required for such a daunting mission. The subsequent narrative, particularly the spies' report in Numbers 13:26-33, reveals the profound impact of this reconnaissance on the Israelites' faith, leading to a crisis of trust and a forty-year period of wilderness wandering.
Historical & Cultural Context: At the time of this command, the Israelites were encamped at Kadesh-barnea, poised on the threshold of entering Canaan, the land divinely promised to their ancestors. This period represented a significant transition from their nomadic existence in the wilderness to the formidable challenges of conquest and settlement. For an agrarian society, the assessment of whether the land was "fat or lean" was paramount, directly determining its capacity for sustenance and prosperity. The presence of "wood therein" would indicate essential resources for construction, fuel, and various agricultural implements. The command to "be ye of good courage" was far more than a general exhortation; it was a direct acknowledgment of the formidable Canaanite inhabitants, renowned for their fortified cities and military prowess, a reality vividly described in the spies' fearful report in Numbers 13:28-29. The timing, "the time of the firstripe grapes," strategically placed the mission in late July or early August, a season when the initial fruits of the land, especially grapes, pomegranates, and figs, would be ripe and available, providing tangible and undeniable proof of Canaan's fertility as a "land flowing with milk and honey" (Exodus 3:8).
Key Themes: This verse significantly contributes to several overarching themes woven throughout the book of Numbers and the broader Pentateuch. It powerfully illustrates the theme of Divine Promise and Human Responsibility, as God had faithfully promised the land, yet Israel was entrusted with the active role of exploring and possessing it. The detailed inquiry into the land's quality and resources speaks directly to Divine Provision and Abundance, confirming God's unwavering faithfulness to provide richly for His people. The explicit imperative to "be ye of good courage" highlights the critical theme of Faith versus Fear, which becomes the central conflict in the subsequent narrative of the spies' report and Israel's tragic rebellion. The "fruit of the land" serves as a potent symbol of Tangible Evidence and Verification, intended to bolster the faith and resolve of the entire congregation. Ultimately, the verse meticulously sets the stage for a crucial test of Israel's Obedience and Trust in God's power and promises, revealing their readiness—or lack thereof—to inherit their divine inheritance.
EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
Key Word Analysis
Verse Breakdown
Literary Devices
Numbers 13:20 effectively employs several literary devices to convey its multifaceted message. The most prominent is the Imperative Mood, evident in Moses' direct commands: "be ye of good courage" and "bring of the fruit of the land." These commands underscore the non-negotiable nature of the spies' responsibilities and the urgency of their mission. Symbolism is powerfully at play with "the fruit of the land," which transcends mere agricultural produce to symbolize God's faithfulness, the tangible fulfillment of His promises, and the rich inheritance awaiting Israel. The verse also utilizes Juxtaposition by placing the practical, almost scientific, assessment of the land's resources ("fat or lean," "wood therein") alongside the spiritual and moral imperative of "good courage." This highlights that the mission required both keen observation and unwavering faith. Finally, the Descriptive Detail of "the time of the firstripe grapes" provides a vivid sensory and temporal anchor, making the narrative more concrete and emphasizing the providential timing of the expedition.
THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Numbers 13:20 is deeply integrated into the theological narrative of God's covenant faithfulness and Israel's often-flawed response. It reveals God's meticulous preparation for His people's inheritance, providing an opportune moment for them to witness tangible evidence of His promised land before their entry. The command for courage and the instruction to bring back fruit highlight the crucial interplay between divine promise and human responsibility. While God guarantees the land, Israel must actively explore, trust, and ultimately possess it. The verse sets the stage for the tragic failure of faith that immediately follows, where the majority of the spies, despite seeing the land's bounty, succumb to fear of its inhabitants. This demonstrates the profound spiritual battle between trusting God's omnipotence and succumbing to human limitations. This episode serves as a stark reminder that even with clear evidence of God's goodness, a lack of courage and faith can lead to devastating consequences, delaying or even forfeiting divine blessings.
REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Numbers 13:20 offers timeless principles for navigating the challenges and opportunities inherent in the Christian life. Just as the spies were called to assess their promised inheritance and act with courage, believers today are called to understand the spiritual blessings and inheritance we have in Christ, and to step out in faith to claim them. We are often tasked with exploring "new territories" in our walk with God—whether new callings, difficult circumstances, or opportunities for ministry—all of which require both careful discernment and unwavering courage. The command to "bring of the fruit of the land" reminds us of the profound importance of bearing witness to God's goodness and faithfulness in our lives. Our "fruits" of transformed character, answered prayers, and divine provision serve as tangible evidence that can strengthen our own faith and courageously encourage others, especially when doubt or fear threatens to overwhelm. This verse challenges us to move beyond mere intellectual assent to God's promises and to actively engage with them, trusting in His perfect timing and provision even when the path ahead seems daunting or the obstacles appear insurmountable.
Questions for Reflection
FAQ
Why was it important for the spies to assess whether the land was "fat or lean" and if there was "wood therein"?
Answer: This assessment was crucial for both practical and strategic reasons. For an agrarian society like ancient Israel, the fertility of the soil ("fat or lean") directly determined the land's capacity to sustain a large population through agriculture. A "fat" land promised abundance and prosperity, fulfilling God's promise of a "land flowing with milk and honey" (Exodus 3:8). The presence of "wood" indicated vital natural resources for building materials, fuel, and tools, all essential for establishing settlements and developing infrastructure. Moses desired a comprehensive report that would not only confirm God's promise but also inform the logistical and strategic planning for the conquest and settlement of Canaan, ensuring the long-term viability and prosperity of their future home.
What is the significance of Moses' command, "And be ye of good courage"?
Answer: The command to "be ye of good courage" (Hebrew: ḥāzaq) was a vital spiritual and psychological instruction. Moses knew the spies would encounter formidable challenges, including powerful inhabitants and fortified cities (Numbers 13:28). This was not merely a suggestion but an imperative for mental and spiritual fortitude. It implied trusting in God's power to overcome obstacles, rather than succumbing to fear based on human strength or perceived threats. This command foreshadows similar exhortations given to Joshua as he prepared to lead Israel into the land, emphasizing that courage rooted in faith is absolutely essential for fulfilling God's purposes (Joshua 1:6-9).
Why did Moses specifically instruct them to "bring of the fruit of the land," and why the mention of "the time of the firstripe grapes"?
Answer: The instruction to bring "fruit of the land" served as tangible, undeniable proof of Canaan's fertility and bounty. This physical evidence was intended to bolster the faith of the entire Israelite congregation, demonstrating that God's promise of a rich, abundant land was indeed true. It would counteract any skepticism or fear that might arise from the daunting prospect of conquest. The specific mention of "the time of the firstripe grapes" highlights God's perfect timing and provision. This detail indicates that the mission was scheduled during the early harvest season (late summer), ensuring the spies would find the land at its most productive and vibrant, allowing them to gather the freshest and most impressive produce, such as the famous cluster of grapes mentioned in Numbers 13:23. This precise timing underscored God's readiness to provide for His people even before they fully possessed their inheritance.
CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Numbers 13:20, with its profound emphasis on assessing a promised land, demonstrating courage, and bringing forth tangible fruit, finds its ultimate and most profound Christ-centered fulfillment in the New Covenant. While Israel sought a physical inheritance, believers in Christ receive a spiritual inheritance far grander, eternal, and incorruptible (1 Peter 1:4). Jesus Himself is the ultimate "Promised Land," the true rest and inheritance into which we enter by faith, a reality far surpassing any earthly dwelling (Hebrews 4:1-11). Just as the spies were commanded to "be of good courage," Christ calls His followers to a radical, Spirit-empowered courage—to deny themselves, take up their cross daily, and follow Him (Luke 9:23). This courage is not self-generated but is divinely empowered by the Holy Spirit, enabling believers to face spiritual battles, worldly opposition, and personal trials with divine fortitude, knowing that Christ has definitively overcome the world (John 16:33). Furthermore, the "fruit of the land" foreshadows the "fruit of the Spirit" that marks the life of a believer in Christ (Galatians 5:22-23), tangible evidence of God's transforming power at work within us. Our lives, bearing the fruit of love, joy, peace, patience, and more, become a living testimony to the reality of our spiritual inheritance and the indwelling Christ. Finally, the "time of the firstripe grapes" points to God's perfect, sovereign timing in sending His Son, Jesus, "when the fullness of time had come" (Galatians 4:4), to secure our ultimate spiritual inheritance and bring forth the true and lasting fruit of redemption for all who believe.