John 10:2

KJV

But he that entereth in by the door is the shepherd of the sheep.

KJV (with Strong's)

But {G1161} he that entereth in {G1525} by {G1223} the door {G2374} is {G2076} the shepherd {G4166} of the sheep {G4263}.

Complete Jewish Bible

But the one who goes in through the gate is the sheep’s own shepherd.

Berean Standard Bible

But the one who enters by the gate is the shepherd of the sheep.

American Standard Version

But he that entereth in by the door is the shepherd of the sheep.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
John 10:2 introduces the foundational principle of legitimate spiritual authority within Jesus' discourse on the true shepherd and the sheepfold. In stark contrast to the "thieves and robbers" who bypass the proper entrance, this verse declares that the one who "entereth in by the door is the shepherd of the sheep," thereby establishing the divine order for access to God's flock and foreshadowing Jesus' own identity as both the exclusive "door" and the ultimate "Good Shepherd."

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** John 10:2 stands as a pivotal verse in Jesus' discourse on the shepherd and the sheepfold, immediately following His condemnation of those who enter the sheepfold by illegitimate means (John 10:1). This entire chapter, particularly verses 1-21, serves as an extended allegory. The discourse itself is delivered in the aftermath of Jesus' healing of the man born blind (John 9), an event that highlighted the spiritual blindness and self-righteousness of the Pharisees. Jesus' parabolic teaching here directly addresses the spiritual leadership of His day, implicitly critiquing the Pharisees who claimed to guide God's flock but acted as self-serving "thieves and robbers," while simultaneously presenting Himself as the authentic and divinely appointed Shepherd. Verse 2 thus sets the stage for Jesus' subsequent declarations, "I am the door" [John 10:7](/john/10-7 "John 10:7 - Jesus is the Door") and "I am the good shepherd" [John 10:11](/john/10-11 "John 10:11 - Jesus is the Good Shepherd"), by first defining the legitimate entry point for the true shepherd.

* **Historical & Cultural Context:** The imagery of sheep, shepherds, and sheepfolds was profoundly familiar and resonant in ancient Israel. Sheep were a primary source of livelihood and sustenance, and shepherds were common figures, often living in close proximity to their flocks. A sheepfold was a walled enclosure, sometimes a cave, with a single entrance, designed to protect the sheep from predators and thieves, especially at night. A doorkeeper would guard the entrance. Shepherds were known for their intimate knowledge of their sheep, their protective instincts, and their willingness to lead their flock to pasture and water. This cultural backdrop made Jesus' parable immediately understandable to His audience. Furthermore, the concept of spiritual leaders as "shepherds" was deeply embedded in Israelite thought, with God Himself often depicted as the Shepherd of His people (e.g., Psalm 23). This context underscores the gravity of Jesus' critique against the religious leaders who failed to embody the true shepherd's care.

* **Key Themes:** This verse contributes significantly to several key themes within John's Gospel and biblical theology. Firstly, it establishes the theme of **Legitimacy and Authority**, contrasting divinely sanctioned entry with unauthorized intrusion. The "door" symbolizes the proper, God-ordained way, implying that true spiritual authority comes through God's appointment, not human ambition. Secondly, it introduces the theme of **Authentic Care and Protection** for God's people, which is the hallmark of the true shepherd, in opposition to the exploitative motives of false leaders. This sets the stage for Jesus' declaration that the Good Shepherd lays down His life for the sheep [John 10:11](/john/10-11 "John 10:11 - The Good Shepherd"). Thirdly, it highlights the **Contrast between True and False Leadership**, a recurring motif in the Old Testament, particularly in prophetic condemnations of negligent rulers and priests (e.g., the scathing critique of Israel's shepherds in [Ezekiel 34](/ezekiel/34 "Ezekiel 34 - The False Shepherds of Israel")). Finally, the verse subtly points towards the theme of **Jesus as the Exclusive Way**, as the "door" will later be explicitly identified with Christ Himself, signifying that He is the sole means of access to God and salvation [John 14:6](/john/14-6 "John 14:6 - Jesus is the Way, the Truth, and the Life").

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
#### Key Word Analysis
* **entereth in (Greek, _eisérchomai'_):** This verb, derived from "eis" (into) and "erchomai" (to come), signifies a deliberate and proper act of coming or going into a place. In this context, it emphasizes the legitimate, authorized manner of access. Unlike the "thieves and robbers" who "climb up some other way" (John 10:1), the true shepherd enters through the designated entrance, indicating divine approval and adherence to established order. This is not merely physical entry but implies a rightful claim and purpose.
* **door (Greek, _thýra'_):** Initially referring to a literal portal or gate of the sheepfold, this word quickly takes on profound symbolic meaning in John 10. It represents the singular, legitimate point of entry. While it literally distinguishes the shepherd from the intruder, Jesus later reveals that He Himself is the "door" (John 10:7, 9), making "thýra" a direct metaphor for Christ as the exclusive way to salvation, true spiritual pasture, and access to the Father.
* **shepherd (Greek, _poimḗn'_):** This term denotes one who tends, feeds, guides, and protects a flock of sheep. It carries significant biblical weight, often used to describe leaders, both secular and spiritual, and most importantly, God Himself as the Shepherd of Israel (e.g., Psalm 23). In this verse, "poimḗn" identifies the one whose legitimate entry through the door is driven by a genuine concern for the welfare of the sheep, in stark contrast to the predatory motives of the "thieves and robbers." It highlights a role of nurturing care, responsible guidance, and vigilant protection.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"But he that entereth in by the door":** This clause immediately establishes a contrast ("But") with the illegitimate entry described in the preceding verse. It highlights the proper method of access to the sheepfold. The act of "entering in by the door" signifies adherence to established protocol and divine authorization. This individual is not a trespasser, but one who possesses rightful access and a legitimate purpose. This phrase sets up the identity of the person who follows the correct procedure.
* **"is the shepherd of the sheep.":** This declarative statement identifies the one who enters legitimately as "the shepherd." The definite article "the" suggests a specific, recognized role and authority. This shepherd is characterized by his relationship to "the sheep," implying ownership, responsibility, and a deep, caring connection. His purpose is not to harm or exploit, but to tend, guide, and protect the flock. This part of the verse defines the nature and role of the individual who enters through the proper channel, emphasizing their care for the flock.

#### Literary Devices
John 10:2, within its broader context, is rich with **Metaphor**. The entire discourse functions as an extended allegory where the "sheepfold" represents the community of God's people, the "sheep" are believers, the "shepherd" is the spiritual leader, and the "door" is the legitimate means of access. Specifically, the "door" here is a powerful **Symbolism**, initially a literal gate, but quickly transformed by Jesus into a symbol of Himself as the exclusive way to salvation and true spiritual life. There is also a strong element of **Contrast** in this verse, as the true shepherd's legitimate entry "by the door" is explicitly set against the "thieves and robbers" of John 10:1 who attempt to enter by illicit means. This contrast serves to highlight the authenticity and divine authorization of Jesus' ministry compared to the self-serving motives of false religious leaders.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
John 10:2 lays a crucial theological foundation for understanding authentic spiritual leadership and salvation. It underscores that access to God's flock, and ultimately to God Himself, is not through human ambition, self-appointed authority, or illicit means, but solely through the divinely appointed "door." This "door" is later revealed to be Jesus Christ, signifying that He is the exclusive way to salvation and true spiritual life. The verse also introduces the profound biblical theme of the "shepherd," a role often attributed to God in the Old Testament, which Jesus now fully embodies. It emphasizes that true leadership is characterized by legitimate entry, genuine care, and sacrificial love for the flock, contrasting sharply with those who exploit or harm God's people. This sets the stage for Jesus' self-identification as the Good Shepherd who lays down His life for His sheep, demonstrating the ultimate expression of divine care and authority.

* [Psalm 23:1-4](/psalm/23-1-4 "Psalm 23 - The Lord is My Shepherd")
* [Ezekiel 34:2-4](/ezekiel/34-2-4 "Ezekiel 34:2-4 - Condemnation of False Shepherds")
* [Hebrews 13:20](/hebrews/13-20 "Hebrews 13:20 - The Great Shepherd of the Sheep")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
John 10:2 challenges believers to critically discern true spiritual leadership from false. In a world saturated with voices claiming authority, this verse calls us back to the fundamental principle: legitimate leadership enters "by the door," meaning their authority is derived from Christ and their ministry aligns with His character and Word. We are encouraged to follow those who genuinely care for the flock, lead them to spiritual nourishment, and protect them from harm, rather than those who seek personal gain, power, or glory. For those in leadership, it serves as a powerful reminder that our access to and influence over God's people must be through Christ alone, marked by humility, service, and a shepherd's heart. It also reinforces the truth that our ultimate trust and allegiance belong to Jesus, the True Shepherd, who alone provides the legitimate way to abundant life and eternal security.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **How does Jesus' emphasis on entering "by the door" challenge our assumptions about spiritual authority today?**
* **In what ways can we discern whether a spiritual leader is truly entering "by the door" or attempting to climb in "some other way"?**
* **How does the imagery of the "shepherd of the sheep" inform our understanding of what it means to care for others in the church or community?**

### FAQ
**What is the significance of the "door" in this verse?**

Answer: The "door" in John 10:2 initially refers to the literal entrance of a sheepfold, distinguishing the legitimate shepherd from thieves and robbers. However, its significance deepens later in the chapter when Jesus explicitly declares, "I am the door of the sheep" [John 10:7](/john/10-7 "John 10:7 - Jesus is the Door") and "I am the door: by me if any man enter in, he shall be saved" [John 10:9](/john/10-9 "John 10:9 - Jesus is the Door to Salvation"). Therefore, the "door" is a powerful metaphor for Jesus Himself, signifying that He is the exclusive and legitimate way to salvation, to the Father, and to true spiritual pasture and life. It means that all true spiritual access and authority must be through Him.

**Who are the "thieves and robbers" mentioned in contrast to the shepherd in this discourse?**

Answer: While not explicitly named in John 10:2, the "thieves and robbers" are introduced in the preceding verse, John 10:1, as those who "climb up some other way" into the sheepfold. In the immediate literary context, Jesus is speaking to the Pharisees, who had just demonstrated their spiritual blindness and self-serving leadership in John 9. Therefore, the "thieves and robbers" are generally understood to represent false spiritual leaders, particularly those of Jesus' day, who sought to control God's people for their own benefit rather than genuinely caring for them. They are characterized by their illegitimate access, their lack of true care for the flock, and their destructive intentions, standing in stark opposition to the true shepherd.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
John 10:2 finds its ultimate and profound fulfillment in Jesus Christ. He is the quintessential "shepherd of the sheep" who enters "by the door," embodying the perfect model of legitimate divine authority and compassionate care. Unlike the false shepherds and religious leaders of His day, Jesus did not climb into the sheepfold by illegitimate means or for selfish gain. Rather, He came directly from the Father, entering the world through the divine plan and by His own perfect obedience, thereby establishing His unparalleled authority and right to lead God's flock. His very life and ministry are the embodiment of this verse, as He consistently demonstrated a shepherd's heart, seeking out the lost, healing the broken, and nurturing His disciples. Moreover, Jesus not only enters *by* the door but *is* the Door Himself, as He declares in [John 10:7](/john/10-7 "John 10:7 - Jesus is the Door") and [John 10:9](/john/10-9 "John 10:9 - Jesus is the Door to Salvation"). He is the exclusive way to salvation, to eternal life, and to the Father ([John 14:6](/john/14-6 "John 14:6 - Jesus is the Way, the Truth, and the Life")). His ultimate act as the Good Shepherd is laying down His life for the sheep ([John 10:11](/john/10-11 "John 10:11 - The Good Shepherd Lays Down His Life")), fulfilling the shepherd's protective role through His atoning sacrifice. Thus, John 10:2 points directly to Jesus as the divinely appointed, perfectly caring, and uniquely authoritative Shepherd who provides the only legitimate access to God's flock and to eternal pasture. He is the [Great Shepherd of the sheep](/hebrews/13-20 "Hebrews 13:20 - The Great Shepherd") who leads His people into abundant life.

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

John 10:14

I am the good shepherd, and know my [sheep], and am known of mine.

Acts 20:28

Take heed therefore unto yourselves, and to all the flock, over the which the Holy Ghost hath made you overseers, to feed the church of God, which he hath purchased with his own blood.

Psalms 23:1

¶ A Psalm of David. The LORD [is] my shepherd; I shall not want.

1 Peter 5:4

And when the chief Shepherd shall appear, ye shall receive a crown of glory that fadeth not away.

Isaiah 40:11

He shall feed his flock like a shepherd: he shall gather the lambs with his arm, and carry [them] in his bosom, [and] shall gently lead those that are with young.

Ecclesiastes 12:11

The words of the wise [are] as goads, and as nails fastened [by] the masters of assemblies, [which] are given from one shepherd.

John 10:9

I am the door: by me if any man enter in, he shall be saved, and shall go in and out, and find pasture.