TRV
Study This Verse
Public-domain commentary
Matthew Henry
From his Commentary on the Whole Bible. Henry comments on passages, not single verses — this entry covers Proverbs 15:23.
Note, 1. We speak wisely when we speak seasonably: The answer of the mouth will be our credit and joy when it is pertinent and to the purpose, and is spoken in due season, when it is needed and will be regarded, and, as we say, hits the joint. Many a good word comes short of doing the good it might have done, for want of being well-timed. Nor is any thing more the beauty of discourse than to have a proper answer ready off-hand, just when there is occasion for it, and it comes in well. 2. If we speak wisely and well, it will redound to our own comfort and to the advantage of others: A man has joy by the answer of his mouth; he may take a pleasure, but may by no means take a pride, in having spoken so acceptably and well that the hearers admire him and say, "How good is it, and how much good does it do!"
Historical interpretation
Historical Reception
One surviving comment on this verse from the historical church.
A man rejoices in his mouth's sentence, etc. It is indeed human for each to rejoice in his sentence as though prudently uttered; but a true wise man carefully investigates not only the matters he speaks, but also the opportunity of place or time or person, to whom he speaks.
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Summary
Proverbs 15:23 profoundly illustrates the deep satisfaction and immense value derived from communication that is both appropriate and perfectly timed. It underscores that the ability to deliver a word at the opportune moment brings joy to the speaker and yields exceedingly positive outcomes, emphasizing the critical interplay between wisdom, discernment, and the impactful use of one's speech.
Context
Literary Context
Proverbs 15:23 is situated within a broader collection of Solomonic wisdom sayings that frequently contrast the wise and the foolish, particularly in their use of language. The preceding verses in Proverbs 15 discuss the destructive nature of harsh words, as seen in Proverbs 15:1, and the life-giving power of a gentle tongue, highlighted in Proverbs 15:4. The chapter also emphasizes the Lord's omnipresence and judgment of all speech, as stated in Proverbs 15:3. This particular proverb distills the essence of wise communication, focusing not just on the content of speech but crucially on its delivery at the most effective moment, thereby contributing to the chapter's overarching theme of the profound impact of words.
Historical & Cultural Context
In ancient Israel, oral communication was paramount for transmitting wisdom, law, and cultural values. The spoken word carried immense weight, often serving as a binding agreement, a source of blessing, or a pronouncement of judgment. The culture valued elders and sages who possessed the discernment to speak wisely and appropriately. Proverbs, as a genre, emerged from this cultural milieu, providing practical guidance for navigating social interactions and maintaining communal harmony. The emphasis on "due season" reflects an understanding of social etiquette, relational dynamics, and the importance of kairos—the opportune moment—in effective communication, which was critical in a society where reputation and honor were deeply tied to one's words and actions.
Key Themes
This proverb contributes significantly to several key themes prevalent throughout the Book of Proverbs. Firstly, it highlights The Power of the Tongue, a recurring motif emphasizing that words are not neutral but possess the capacity to build up or tear down, to bring life or death, as powerfully stated in Proverbs 18:21. Secondly, it underscores the theme of Wisdom and Discernment, as knowing when to speak and what to say requires profound insight and understanding, distinguishing the wise from the foolish, a concept echoed in Proverbs 10:19. Thirdly, the proverb touches upon The Importance of Timeliness, suggesting that the effectiveness and "goodness" of a word are often contingent upon its delivery at the precise moment it is most needed or will be most effectively received, a concept beautifully articulated in Ecclesiastes 3:7. Finally, it subtly introduces the theme of Joy and Satisfaction, indicating that right communication brings internal delight and positive outcomes for the speaker and potentially the listener.
Exposition and Analysis
Key Word Analysis
From אֱנוֹשׁ (or perhaps rather from an unused root meaning to be extant); a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation); also, another, any (man), a certain, [phrase] champion, consent, each, every (one), fellow, (foot-, husband-) man, (good-, great, mighty) man, he, high (degree), him (that is), husband, man(-kind), [phrase] none, one, people, person, [phrase] steward, what (man) soever, whoso(-ever), worthy. This term refers to an individual, emphasizing the personal experience of joy that comes from effective communication. It implies that this joy is accessible to any person who masters the art of timely speech.
From שָׂמֵחַ; blithesomeness or glee, (religious or festival); [idiom] exceeding(-ly), gladness, joy(-fulness), mirth, pleasure, rejoice(-ing). This word denotes a deep sense of gladness, often associated with celebration or a positive, fulfilling experience. In this context, it highlights the profound satisfaction and inner delight that the speaker gains when their words are well-received and effective, leading to positive outcomes.
From דָבַר; a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause; act, advice, affair, answer, [idiom] any such (thing), because of, book, business, care, case, cause, certain rate, [phrase] chronicles, commandment, [idiom] commune(-ication), [phrase] concern(-ing), [phrase] confer, counsel, [phrase] dearth, decree, deed, [idiom] disease, due, duty, effect, [phrase] eloquent, errand, (evil favoured-) ness, [phrase] glory, [phrase] harm, hurt, [phrase] iniquity, [phrase] judgment, language, [phrase] lying, manner, matter, message, (no) thing, oracle, [idiom] ought, [idiom] parts, [phrase] pertaining, [phrase] please, portion, [phrase] power, promise, provision, purpose, question, rate, reason, report, request, [idiom] (as hast) said, sake, saying, sentence, [phrase] sign, [idiom] so, some (uncleanness), somewhat to say, [phrase] song, speech, [idiom] spoken, talk, task, [phrase] that, [idiom] there done, thing (concerning), thought, [phrase] thus, tidings, what(-soever), [phrase] wherewith, which, word, work. This comprehensive term signifies not just a single utterance, but also a matter, a thing, an affair, or a message. It underscores the broad scope of communication, from a simple statement to a complex piece of advice, all of which gain "goodness" when delivered appropriately.
Verse Breakdown
"A man hath joy by the answer of his mouth"
This clause establishes the personal gratification associated with effective communication. The "answer of his mouth" refers to a response, a piece of advice, or a statement that is well-considered and appropriate to the situation. The speaker experiences "joy" because their words have achieved their intended positive effect, whether it's bringing clarity, comfort, resolution, or wisdom. This joy is a direct consequence of discerning and delivering the right message.
"and a word [spoken] in due season, how good [is it]!"
This second clause amplifies the value of such communication, specifically highlighting the critical element of timing. "In due season" (Hebrew: ʻêth) means at the right time, the opportune moment, or appropriately. It's not just what is said, but when it is said that determines its efficacy and "goodness." The exclamation "how good [is it]!" serves as a rhetorical flourish, emphasizing the immeasurable benefit and profound positive impact of such a timely word, suggesting it is exceedingly beneficial, pleasant, and valuable.
Literary Devices
Proverbs 15:23 employs several literary devices to convey its profound message. Parallelism, a hallmark of Hebrew poetry, is evident in the two clauses, where the second clause ("a word spoken in due season, how good is it!") expands upon and intensifies the idea presented in the first ("A man hath joy by the answer of his mouth"). The "joy" in the first part is intrinsically linked to the "goodness" of the timely word in the second, creating a cause-and-effect relationship. The phrase "how good [is it]!" functions as a rhetorical question or exclamation, serving to emphasize the superlative quality and immense value of a word delivered at the opportune moment. This hyperbole underscores the extraordinary impact of timely communication, elevating it beyond mere effectiveness to something truly excellent and beneficial. Furthermore, the proverb utilizes synecdoche by using "mouth" to represent the entirety of one's communicative faculties, highlighting the personal agency and responsibility in speaking.
Theological and Thematic Connections
Proverbs 15:23 speaks to a fundamental principle of divine wisdom: the power and purpose of words. God Himself created the world through His spoken word, as recorded in Genesis 1:3, demonstrating that words carry creative, life-shaping power. This proverb teaches us that human speech, when aligned with divine wisdom, can also be a force for good, bringing joy and positive outcomes. It calls believers to cultivate discernment, patience, and love in their communication, recognizing that our words reflect our hearts, as Jesus taught in Luke 6:45. The "goodness" of a timely word reflects God's own character, as He is the source of all good things, and His words are always true, timely, and life-giving, designed for our ultimate well-being and His glory.
Reflection and Application
Proverbs 15:23 offers profound insights for our daily interactions, urging us to be intentional and discerning in our speech. In a world often characterized by hasty, thoughtless, or even destructive words, this proverb calls us to pause and consider the impact of our communication. It challenges us to cultivate a heart that is sensitive to the needs of others and to the promptings of the Holy Spirit, so that our words might be a source of life, encouragement, and wisdom. Whether we are offering counsel, comfort, correction, or simply engaging in conversation, the goal should be to speak in a way that truly serves the moment and brings about positive results, experiencing the joy that comes from being an instrument of grace through our words. This requires not just knowing what to say, but discerning when and how to say it, fostering an environment where truth and love can flourish and where relationships are strengthened by thoughtful, timely communication.
Questions for Reflection
FAQ
What does "a word spoken in due season" truly mean?
"A word spoken in due season" (Hebrew: ʻêth) refers to a word delivered at the precise, opportune, or appropriate moment. It signifies the perfect timing of communication, where the message is not only accurate and helpful but also delivered when it will be most effectively received, understood, and impactful. This includes considering the listener's emotional state, the specific circumstances, and the overall context, ensuring the word serves its intended purpose for good. It implies wisdom and discernment in knowing when to speak, when to remain silent, and how to frame one's words for maximum positive effect, as highlighted in Ecclesiastes 3:7.
Christ-Centered Fulfillment
Proverbs 15:23 finds its ultimate fulfillment in Jesus Christ, the Living Word, as revealed in John 1:1. His entire earthly ministry was characterized by perfectly timed and profoundly impactful words. From His inaugural sermon on the mount (Matthew 5:1-12) to His parables that revealed deep spiritual truths at the opportune moment for His listeners (Matthew 13:10-17), Jesus consistently demonstrated the "goodness" of a word spoken in due season. He knew precisely when to speak words of comfort to the weary (Matthew 11:28), challenge to the self-righteous (Matthew 23:13-36), and healing to the sick (Mark 5:34). His words were always "full of grace and truth" (John 1:14), bringing joy, conviction, and transformation. Ultimately, the "answer of His mouth" on the cross, "It is finished" (John 19:30), was the perfectly timed word that brought salvation and eternal joy to all who believe, demonstrating the supreme goodness of God's redemptive plan. As believers, we are called to emulate Christ, allowing His Spirit to guide our tongues so that our words, like His, may bring joy and be "good for edification according to the need of the moment" (Ephesians 4:29).