Proverbs 10:19

KJV

¶ In the multitude of words there wanteth not sin: but he that refraineth his lips [is] wise.

KJV (with Strong's)

In the multitude {H7230} of words {H1697} there wanteth {H2308} not sin {H6588}: but he that refraineth {H2820} his lips {H8193} is wise {H7919}.

Complete Jewish Bible

When words are many, sin is not lacking; so he who controls his speech is wise.

Berean Standard Bible

When words are many, sin is unavoidable, but he who restrains his lips is wise.

American Standard Version

In the multitude of words there wanteth not transgression; But he that refraineth his lips doeth wisely.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Proverbs 10:19 delivers a profound insight into the nature of human communication, asserting that an abundance of words inevitably leads to sin, while the individual who exercises restraint over their speech demonstrates true wisdom. This proverb highlights the inherent danger of unbridled verbal expression and commends the virtue of self-control as a hallmark of discernment and spiritual maturity.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** Proverbs 10 marks a significant shift in the book, initiating a lengthy collection of individual, often antithetical, proverbs (chapters 10-29). Unlike the extended discourses of Proverbs 1-9, these are concise, two-line sayings designed for easy memorization and practical application. Many proverbs in this section, including [Proverbs 10:19](/proverbs/10-19 "Proverbs 10:19 - Wisdom in Speech"), draw sharp contrasts between the righteous and the wicked, the wise and the foolish, and their respective outcomes. Within this framework, speech is a recurring theme, often presented as a primary indicator of a person's character and moral standing, with verses like [Proverbs 10:11](/proverbs/10-11 "Proverbs 10:11 - The Mouth of the Righteous") and [Proverbs 10:20](/proverbs/10-20 "Proverbs 10:20 - The Tongue of the Just") immediately preceding and following, reinforcing the importance of the tongue.
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** Ancient Israel, like many ancient Near Eastern societies, was largely an oral culture where spoken words carried immense weight and authority. Reputations were built and destroyed by speech, and legal proceedings often relied on verbal testimony. Wisdom literature, such as Proverbs, emerged from a tradition of sages and elders who observed life, discerned patterns, and distilled practical truths for ethical living. The emphasis on controlling the tongue reflects a deep understanding of human nature and community dynamics, where loose or malicious speech could sow discord, ruin lives, and undermine social order. The cultural value placed on honor and shame meant that words, whether praise or slander, had tangible societal consequences.
* **Key Themes:** This proverb contributes significantly to several overarching themes within the book of Proverbs and biblical wisdom literature. Firstly, it underscores the theme of **Wisdom vs. Folly**, clearly associating verbal restraint with wisdom and excessive speech with foolishness, which inevitably leads to sin. Secondly, it highlights the **Power of the Tongue**, a pervasive biblical theme, emphasizing that the tongue, though small, has immense capacity for both good and evil, as explored further in [James 3](/james/3 "James 3 - Taming the Tongue"). Thirdly, the verse speaks to the importance of **Self-Control and Discipline**, presenting the ability to "refrain one's lips" as a vital spiritual and practical discipline necessary for righteous living. Finally, it implicitly addresses the theme of **Moral Accountability**, suggesting that words are not neutral but carry moral weight and consequences, aligning with the teaching in [Matthew 12:36](/matthew/12-36 "Matthew 12:36 - Accountability for Every Idle Word") that we will give account for every idle word.

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
#### Key Word Analysis
* **multitude (Hebrew, _rôb'_):** From H7230, this word signifies "abundance" or "great number." In the context of "multitude of words," it emphasizes the sheer quantity or profusion of speech, suggesting that it is the *volume* of verbal output that creates a fertile ground for transgression, rather than the content itself necessarily being malicious from the outset.
* **sin (Hebrew, _peshaʻ'_):** From H6588, this term denotes a "revolt," "rebellion," "transgression," or "trespass." It's a strong word for moral offense, indicating that the consequence of excessive speech is not merely a mistake or an error, but a deliberate or inevitable violation of God's law or ethical conduct. It implies a departure from righteous behavior.
* **refraineth (Hebrew, _châsak'_):** From H2820, this primitive root means "to restrain," "refrain," "hold back," or "withhold." It implies an active, intentional act of self-discipline and control. The wise person does not merely speak less by accident, but consciously chooses to curb their words, demonstrating prudence and thoughtful consideration before utterance.
#### Verse Breakdown
* **"In the multitude of words":** This opening clause sets the condition, focusing on the sheer quantity or abundance of verbal expression. It's not about the occasional word, but a torrent or continuous flow of speech. The implication is that when one speaks excessively, the guard is lowered, and the likelihood of error increases.
* **"there wanteth not sin":** This is the stark consequence. The Hebrew phrase "lo yichadal pesha" (לֹא יֶחְדַּל־פָּשַׁע) literally means "sin will not cease" or "sin will not be lacking." It conveys an almost unavoidable, inherent connection: where there is a profusion of words, transgression is an ever-present and inevitable companion. The more one speaks without restraint, the greater the probability of uttering idle words, gossip, slander, lies, or rash promises.
* **"but he that refraineth his lips":** This clause introduces a sharp contrast. "Refraineth his lips" describes the deliberate act of holding back or exercising self-control over one's speech. The "lips" here are a metonymy for the entire faculty of speech, indicating intentional discipline in communication. This person is not silent out of shyness, but out of wisdom.
* **"[is] wise":** This is the positive outcome and commendation. The one who practices verbal restraint is characterized as "wise." This wisdom (Hebrew, _sâkal_) implies not merely intellectual knowledge, but practical discernment, prudence, and the ability to act skillfully and successfully in life. It suggests that true wisdom often manifests in knowing when *not* to speak, and when to listen.
#### Literary Devices
Proverbs 10:19 is a classic example of **Antithetical Parallelism**, a hallmark of Hebrew poetry and wisdom literature. The verse presents two contrasting lines, where the second line expresses an opposite thought or outcome to the first. The "multitude of words" leading to "sin" is set in direct opposition to "he that refraineth his lips" being "wise." This structure effectively highlights the moral and practical dichotomy between unrestrained speech and disciplined communication. Additionally, the phrase "refraineth his **lips**" employs **Metonymy**, where "lips" stand in for the broader concept of speech or verbal expression. This emphasizes the physical control exerted over the organ of speech as a symbol of inner discipline. There is also a subtle **Irony** present; while one might assume more words equate to more influence or wisdom, the proverb asserts the counter-intuitive truth that verbal abundance often leads to moral failure, whereas restraint leads to true wisdom.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
This proverb deeply resonates with the broader biblical understanding of the tongue as a powerful instrument, capable of immense good or profound evil. The Bible consistently teaches that speech is not neutral; it is an overflow of the heart and reveals one's true character and spiritual condition. Uncontrolled speech is frequently linked to various forms of sin, including gossip, slander, lying, boasting, and idle words, all of which damage relationships, undermine truth, and dishonor God. Conversely, wise and righteous speech is associated with edification, truth-telling, and bringing glory to God. The call to verbal restraint is therefore not merely a social etiquette but a spiritual discipline, reflecting a heart transformed by God's wisdom and a desire to honor Him in all things.

* [James 1:19](/james/1-19 "James 1:19 - Quick to Hear, Slow to Speak")
* [Proverbs 13:3](/proverbs/13-3 "Proverbs 13:3 - Guarding the Mouth Preserves Life")
* [Matthew 12:36](/matthew/12-36 "Matthew 12:36 - Accountability for Every Idle Word")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
In an age saturated with constant communication—from social media to endless meetings—the wisdom of Proverbs 10:19 is more pertinent than ever. We are often encouraged to speak up, share our opinions, and engage in constant dialogue, yet this proverb serves as a crucial counter-balance, reminding us of the inherent dangers of unchecked verbal output. To apply this verse means cultivating intentionality in our communication: pausing before we speak, considering the potential impact of our words, and discerning whether our speech truly adds value, truth, or grace. It calls us to prioritize listening over speaking, to guard against the temptation to fill every silence, and to actively resist the urge to engage in gossip, slander, or idle chatter. Embracing this wisdom fosters deeper relationships, prevents unnecessary conflict, and cultivates a spirit of humility and thoughtfulness, ultimately reflecting a greater maturity in Christ.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **In what areas of my life (e.g., work, family, social media) am I most prone to a "multitude of words" that might lead to sin?**
* **What specific "sins" (e.g., gossip, complaining, boasting, rash promises) do I most frequently commit with my tongue?**
* **How can I practice more intentional verbal restraint, particularly in moments of anger, frustration, or excitement?**
* **What steps can I take to become a better listener and to value silence more in my interactions?**

### FAQ
**Does "multitude of words" imply that all extensive speaking is sinful?**

Answer: Not necessarily. The proverb is not a blanket condemnation of all extensive speech, such as teaching, preaching, or heartfelt conversation. Rather, it warns against *unrestrained*, *unwise*, or *thoughtless* speech that arises from a lack of self-control or discernment. The "sin" arises from the *quality* and *purpose* of the words when they are uttered without proper consideration, leading to gossip, slander, lies, idle chatter, or rash promises. For example, a teacher or preacher may use many words, but if those words are carefully chosen, truthful, and edifying, they are not sinful. The key lies in the *restraint* and *wisdom* that guides the speech, ensuring that words are used for edification and truth, not for folly or transgression.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Proverbs 10:19 finds its ultimate fulfillment and perfect embodiment in the person of Jesus Christ. As the living Word of God, Jesus perfectly exemplified wise and restrained speech, serving as the antithesis to the "multitude of words" that lead to sin. His words were always purposeful, filled with truth, grace, and authority, never idle or wasteful. He spoke with divine wisdom, knowing precisely when to speak and when to remain silent, as seen in His powerful teachings (e.g., [Matthew 5](/matthew/5 "Matthew 5 - The Sermon on the Mount")) and His profound silence before His accusers (e.g., [Isaiah 53:7](/isaiah/53-7 "Isaiah 53:7 - Silent Lamb Led to Slaughter") prophesied, and [Matthew 27:12](/matthew/27-12 "Matthew 27:12-14 - Jesus' Silence Before Pilate") recorded). Unlike humanity, whose "multitude of words" often reveals a heart prone to sin ([Matthew 12:34](/matthew/12-34 "Matthew 12:34 - Out of the Abundance of the Heart")), Jesus' words flowed from a perfectly righteous and pure heart. He is the ultimate "wise" one who perfectly "refrained His lips" from any word that would not glorify God or serve His redemptive purpose. His life and ministry demonstrate that true wisdom in speech is not merely about saying less, but about speaking only that which is true, necessary, and life-giving, ultimately leading to salvation for those who hear His voice ([John 6:68](/john/6-68 "John 6:68 - Words of Eternal Life")).

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

James 3:2

For in many things we offend all. If any man offend not in word, the same [is] a perfect man, [and] able also to bridle the whole body.

James 1:19

¶ Wherefore, my beloved brethren, let every man be swift to hear, slow to speak, slow to wrath:

Proverbs 17:27

¶ He that hath knowledge spareth his words: [and] a man of understanding is of an excellent spirit.

Proverbs 17:28

Even a fool, when he holdeth his peace, is counted wise: [and] he that shutteth his lips [is esteemed] a man of understanding.

Ecclesiastes 10:13

The beginning of the words of his mouth [is] foolishness: and the end of his talk [is] mischievous madness.

Ecclesiastes 10:14

A fool also is full of words: a man cannot tell what shall be; and what shall be after him, who can tell him?

Psalms 39:1

¶ To the chief Musician, [even] to Jeduthun, A Psalm of David. I said, I will take heed to my ways, that I sin not with my tongue: I will keep my mouth with a bridle, while the wicked is before me.