Proverbs 10:19

Proverbs 10:19, from the King James Version, offers a profound insight into the power and peril of human speech. It states, "In the multitude of words there wanteth not sin: but he that refraineth his lips [is] wise." This verse serves as a timeless warning against excessive talking and a commendation of verbal self-control.

Context

The book of Proverbs is a collection of ancient wisdom literature, primarily attributed to King Solomon, designed to instruct individuals in righteous living and practical discernment. Chapter 10, in particular, initiates a series of contrasting proverbs, often highlighting the differences between the wise and the foolish, the righteous and the wicked. Within this framework, Proverbs 10:19 specifically addresses the critical role of speech in demonstrating one's character and wisdom. It underscores that words are not neutral; they carry moral weight and have consequences.

Key Themes

• The Peril of Excessive Speech: The phrase "In the multitude of words there wanteth not sin" warns that an abundance of talking almost inevitably leads to transgression. When one speaks excessively, the likelihood of uttering idle words, gossip, slander, lies, or making rash promises significantly increases. It's challenging to maintain purity of speech when words flow without thought or restraint.
• The Wisdom of Restraint: Conversely, "he that refraineth his lips is wise" highlights the virtue of self-control in communication. Wisdom isn't just about knowing what to say, but often, more importantly, knowing what not to say, or when to remain silent. This restraint demonstrates prudence, thoughtfulness, and a deeper understanding of situations and people. It aligns with the principle of being quick to hear, slow to speak, slow to wrath, as taught in the New Testament.
• The Sin of the Tongue: This proverb implicitly points to the various sins that can arise from uncontrolled speech. These include spreading rumors, boasting, criticizing others unjustly, or speaking in anger. The tongue, though small, has immense power for both good and evil, as further elaborated in the Bible.

Linguistic Insights

The Hebrew phrase translated "multitude of words" is rov devarim (רֹב דְּבָרִים), which literally means "abundance of words" or "much speaking." This emphasizes the sheer quantity of verbal output. The phrase "wanteth not sin" is lo yichadal pesha (לֹא יֶחְדַּל־פָּשַׁע), meaning "sin will not cease" or "sin will not be lacking." This conveys an almost unavoidable consequence: where there are many words, sin is present. The one who "refraineth his lips" uses the Hebrew chosek sefatav (חוֹשֵׂךְ שְׂפָתָיו), meaning "holds back" or "restrains his lips," indicating intentional self-discipline. The result is being "wise" (sakal - שָׂכַל), implying discernment and prudence.

Practical Application

In our modern world, where communication is constant through various platforms, the message of Proverbs 10:19 is more relevant than ever. This verse encourages us to:

• Practice Thoughtful Communication: Before speaking, consider if your words are necessary, kind, true, and helpful. As Ephesians 4:29 advises, "Let no corrupt communication proceed out of your mouth, but that which is good to the use of edifying."
• Value Listening: True wisdom often manifests in attentive listening rather than eager speaking. This allows for better understanding and prevents hasty or ill-informed responses.
• Guard Against Gossip and Slander: A common sin born from a "multitude of words" is the spread of rumors or negative talk about others. This verse serves as a powerful reminder to avoid such pitfalls.
• Exercise Self-Control: Developing the discipline to hold one's tongue, especially in moments of anger, frustration, or excitement, is a mark of maturity and spiritual growth. As Proverbs 13:3 says, "He that keepeth his mouth keepeth his life: but he that openeth wide his lips shall have destruction."
• Be Accountable for Words: The Bible teaches that we will be held accountable for our words, even every idle word. This underscores the seriousness of verbal integrity.

Ultimately, Proverbs 10:19 is a call to cultivate wisdom by mastering the tongue, recognizing that true strength often lies in restraint and the careful use of words.