Proverbs 13:16

KJV

¶ Every prudent [man] dealeth with knowledge: but a fool layeth open [his] folly.

KJV (with Strong's)

Every prudent {H6175} man dealeth {H6213} with knowledge {H1847}: but a fool {H3684} layeth open {H6566} his folly {H200}.

Complete Jewish Bible

Every cautious person acts with knowledge, but a fool parades his folly.

Berean Standard Bible

Every prudent man acts with knowledge, but a fool displays his folly.

American Standard Version

Every prudent man worketh with knowledge; But a fool flaunteth his folly.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Proverbs 13:16 presents a sharp contrast between the discerning actions of a prudent individual and the self-defeating behavior of a fool. It highlights that a person of wisdom operates with careful thought, applying knowledge judiciously and discreetly, while a foolish person impulsively exposes their lack of understanding and judgment, often to their own detriment. This verse encapsulates a core message of the book of Proverbs: the profound difference between a life guided by wisdom and one characterized by folly, and the distinct outcomes each path produces.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** Proverbs 13:16 is situated within a broader section of the book (chapters 10-29) primarily composed of individual, pithy proverbs, often presented as antithetical couplets. These proverbs typically contrast two opposing types of individuals or behaviors—the wise and the foolish, the righteous and the wicked, the diligent and the lazy—and their respective consequences. This particular verse functions as a classic example of this literary structure, directly pitting the "prudent" against the "fool" and describing their characteristic actions regarding knowledge and discretion. It does not follow a continuous narrative but rather offers a standalone truth that reinforces the overarching themes of practical wisdom and ethical living found throughout the collection.
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** The book of Proverbs emerged from ancient Israelite wisdom traditions, often associated with courtly instruction and familial education. In this cultural setting, wisdom (`ḥokmah`) was not merely intellectual acumen but a practical skill for navigating life successfully and righteously in covenant with God. Education often involved observing human behavior, discerning patterns, and transmitting these insights through memorable sayings. The "prudent man" (`‘ârûm`) would have been highly valued in a society that prized discretion, forethought, and the ability to manage affairs wisely, whether in personal conduct, family governance, or community leadership. Conversely, the "fool" (`kᵉçîyl`) represented a type of person who consistently ignored instruction, lacked foresight, and acted impulsively, often bringing shame upon themselves and their families within a communal society.
* **Key Themes:** This verse powerfully contributes to several key themes prevalent throughout the book of Proverbs. The most prominent is the **Dichotomy of Wisdom and Folly**, which serves as the foundational framework for much of the book's instruction, as seen in passages like [Proverbs 9:1-18](/proverbs/9 "Proverbs 9 - Wisdom and Folly Personified"). It also underscores the theme of **Discretion and Prudence**, emphasizing that true wisdom involves not just possessing knowledge but knowing how and when to apply it, often in silence or with careful consideration, as echoed in [Proverbs 12:23](/proverbs/12-23 "Proverbs 12:23 - The Prudent Conceal Knowledge"). Furthermore, the verse highlights the **Consequences of Behavior**, implicitly linking prudent action to positive outcomes and foolish exposure to negative ones, a recurring motif throughout the entire wisdom corpus, from [Proverbs 1:32](/proverbs/1-32 "Proverbs 1:32 - The Ruin of Fools") to [Proverbs 28:26](/proverbs/28-26 "Proverbs 28:26 - The Fool's Trust in Himself").

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS

#### Key Word Analysis
* **Prudent (Hebrew, _ʻârûwm'_):** This term, derived from a root meaning "to be bare" or "naked," refers to someone who is shrewd, cunning, or crafty. In a positive sense, as used here, it denotes a person who is discerning, sensible, and exercises good judgment. They are insightful, observant, and capable of anticipating consequences, thus acting with discretion and forethought.
* **Knowledge (Hebrew, _daʻath'_):** This word signifies not just factual information but a deep, experiential understanding and discernment. It implies an intimate acquaintance with truth and reality, coupled with the ability to apply that understanding wisely in practical situations. The prudent person doesn't just possess knowledge; they actively "deal with" it, meaning they process, apply, and manage it skillfully.
* **Fool (Hebrew, _kᵉçîyl'_):** This term describes a type of fool who is dull-witted, stubborn, and morally deficient. Unlike the ignorant, the _kᵉçîyl_ is characterized by an unwillingness to learn or accept instruction, often acting impulsively and without regard for consequences. Their foolishness is not a lack of intelligence but a moral and spiritual obtuseness.
* **Layeth open (Hebrew, _pâras'_):** This verb means "to break apart," "to disperse," "to spread out," or "to lay open." In this context, it vividly portrays the fool's tendency to expose or reveal their foolishness openly and indiscriminately. They lack the discretion to conceal their lack of wisdom, often through rash speech, impulsive decisions, or inappropriate behavior that makes their folly evident to all.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"Every prudent [man] dealeth with knowledge":** This clause describes the wise person's characteristic approach to life. The "prudent man" (or woman) is not merely someone who possesses knowledge, but one who actively "deals with" it. This implies a thoughtful, deliberate, and skillful application of understanding. They process information, weigh options, consider implications, and act with discretion, using their knowledge to navigate situations effectively and avoid pitfalls. Their actions are measured and purposeful, reflecting an internal wisdom that guides their external conduct.
* **"but a fool layeth open [his] folly":** This contrasting clause highlights the defining trait of the fool. Unlike the prudent, the fool lacks discretion and restraint. They "lay open" or expose their inherent "folly"—their lack of sound judgment, moral obtuseness, and senselessness—through their words and deeds. This exposure is often unintentional but inevitable, as their impulsive nature and resistance to wisdom lead them to reveal their inner character for all to see, often with embarrassing or detrimental consequences.

#### Literary Devices
The primary literary device employed in Proverbs 13:16 is **Antithesis**, which is a hallmark of Hebrew wisdom literature. The verse presents a stark and direct contrast between two opposing types of individuals—the "prudent man" and the "fool"—and their characteristic behaviors regarding knowledge and discretion. This juxtaposition serves to highlight the distinct paths and outcomes associated with wisdom versus folly. Additionally, there is a subtle use of **Personification** in the phrase "layeth open his folly," implying that folly is an entity that can be revealed or displayed, almost as if it were a possession or a garment. The verse also implicitly uses **Irony**, as the fool, in their attempt to navigate life, inadvertently reveals their own inadequacy, while the prudent, by their discreet handling of knowledge, secure their well-being.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Proverbs 13:16 deeply embeds itself within the biblical understanding of wisdom as not merely intellectual capacity but a moral and spiritual orientation rooted in the fear of the Lord. The prudent person's careful handling of knowledge reflects a life lived in accordance with divine principles, where discretion and discernment are virtues that lead to flourishing. Conversely, the fool's open display of folly is a manifestation of a heart that rejects instruction and divine wisdom, ultimately leading to self-exposure and ruin. This verse underscores the ethical dimension of wisdom, demonstrating that how one manages knowledge and communicates reflects their inner character and their relationship with truth.

* [Proverbs 12:23](/proverbs/12-23 "Proverbs 12:23 - The Prudent Conceal Knowledge"): "A prudent man concealeth knowledge: but the heart of fools proclaimeth foolishness."
* [Proverbs 15:2](/proverbs/15-2 "Proverbs 15:2 - The Tongue of the Wise and Foolish"): "The tongue of the wise useth knowledge aright: but the mouth of fools poureth out foolishness."
* [James 1:5](/james/1-5 "James 1:5 - God Gives Wisdom Generously"): "If any of you lack wisdom, let him ask of God, that giveth to all men liberally, and upbraideth not; and it shall be given him."

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Proverbs 13:16 offers profound practical wisdom for navigating our daily lives in an age of constant information and instant communication. It challenges us to cultivate a spirit of discernment, not merely accumulating facts but learning to apply them with thoughtful consideration and discretion. In a world where opinions are often broadcast without filter, the prudent person stands out by choosing when to speak, what to reveal, and how to act, understanding the potential impact of their words and deeds. This verse calls us to humility, recognizing that true wisdom often manifests in restraint and careful deliberation, rather than in impulsive displays or the need to always be heard. It encourages us to learn from the fool's mistakes, observing how indiscretion leads to self-exposure, and instead to pursue a life marked by quiet wisdom and purposeful action, reflecting a character shaped by God's truth.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **In what areas of my life do I tend to "lay open my folly" through impulsive words or actions?**
* **How can I cultivate greater discretion and thoughtfulness in my communication, both online and offline?**
* **What does it mean for me to "deal with knowledge" in a way that honors God and benefits others?**
* **How can I better discern when to speak and when to remain silent, when to act and when to wait?**

### FAQ

**What is the core difference between the "prudent man" and the "fool" in this verse?**

Answer: The core difference lies in their approach to knowledge and discretion. The "prudent man" (Hebrew: `ʻârûwm`) is characterized by careful thought, discernment, and the skillful application of knowledge. They process information wisely and act with forethought, often exercising restraint in what they reveal. In contrast, the "fool" (Hebrew: `kᵉçîyl`) is someone who lacks sound judgment, is resistant to instruction, and acts impulsively. They "lay open" their folly, meaning they openly and indiscriminately expose their lack of wisdom and understanding through their words and actions, often to their own detriment.

**How does this proverb apply to modern communication and social media?**

Answer: This proverb is exceptionally relevant to modern communication, especially in the age of social media. The "prudent man" exemplifies the wisdom of thoughtful engagement, carefully considering the implications of what they post or share, and exercising discretion in their online presence. They understand that not all knowledge needs to be broadcast and that restraint can be a virtue. Conversely, the "fool" who "layeth open his folly" can be seen in those who impulsively share unverified information, engage in reckless commentary, or reveal too much personal detail without considering the consequences. The digital realm amplifies the effects of both prudence and folly, making discretion even more critical. The principle of thinking before speaking, or in this case, before posting, is paramount, echoing the wisdom found in [Proverbs 29:11](/proverbs/29-11 "Proverbs 29:11 - A Fool's Full Venting").

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Proverbs 13:16, like all wisdom literature, points ultimately to Christ, who is the embodiment of divine wisdom itself. While the prudent person "dealeth with knowledge" by careful application, Jesus perfectly incarnated and exercised wisdom in every word and deed. He always spoke with perfect discretion, knowing precisely when to reveal truth and when to remain silent, as seen in His responses to His accusers (e.g., [Matthew 26:62-63](/matthew/26-62 "Matthew 26:62-63 - Jesus' Silence Before Accusation")). Unlike the fool who "layeth open his folly," Jesus, though reviled, "did not revile in return; when he suffered, he did not threaten" ([1 Peter 2:23](/1_peter/2-23 "1 Peter 2:23 - Christ's Example of Suffering")). His wisdom was not self-serving or for personal display, but for the glory of God and the salvation of humanity. He is the "wisdom of God" ([1 Corinthians 1:24](/1_corinthians/1-24 "1 Corinthians 1:24 - Christ the Wisdom of God")), and in Him "are hidden all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge" ([Colossians 2:3](/colossians/2-3 "Colossians 2:3 - Christ, in Whom All Treasures of Wisdom are Hidden")). Therefore, to truly "deal with knowledge" prudently is to receive and live by the wisdom found in Christ, allowing His Spirit to guide our words and actions, transforming us from foolish self-exposure to discreet, Christ-like living.

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Proverbs 15:2

¶ The tongue of the wise useth knowledge aright: but the mouth of fools poureth out foolishness.

Ephesians 5:17

Wherefore be ye not unwise, but understanding what the will of the Lord [is].

Proverbs 12:22

¶ Lying lips [are] abomination to the LORD: but they that deal truly [are] his delight.

Proverbs 12:23

¶ A prudent man concealeth knowledge: but the heart of fools proclaimeth foolishness.

Isaiah 52:13

¶ Behold, my servant shall deal prudently, he shall be exalted and extolled, and be very high.

Ecclesiastes 10:3

Yea also, when he that is a fool walketh by the way, his wisdom faileth [him], and he saith to every one [that] he [is] a fool.

Romans 16:19

For your obedience is come abroad unto all [men]. I am glad therefore on your behalf: but yet I would have you wise unto that which is good, and simple concerning evil.