### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **ʻârûwm**, represented by `{{H6175}}`, describes one who is cunning, crafty, or prudent. It appears **11 times** across **11 unique verses** in the Bible. The term carries a significant duality, being used to characterize both negative, subtle deceit and positive, wise foresight.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In the biblical narrative, `{{H6175}}` is famously used to describe the serpent in the garden of Eden, which was "more **subtil** than any beast of the field" [[Genesis 3:1]]. This instance frames the word in a negative light, associating it with guile and temptation. In contrast, the book of Proverbs frequently uses `{{H6175}}` in a positive sense, translating it as **prudent**. The prudent man is one who "foreseeth the evil, and hideth himself" ([[Proverbs 22:3]], [[Proverbs 27:12]]) and whose wisdom is to "understand his way" [[Proverbs 14:8]]. The term is also used negatively to describe the **crafty** whose devices God disappoints [[Job 5:12]] and whose tongue utters iniquity [[Job 15:5]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words help define the contexts in which `{{H6175}}` is found:
* `{{H6612}}` **pᵉthîy** (silly; foolish, simple): This term is often set in direct opposition to the prudent man. The simple "pass on, and are punished" [[Proverbs 22:3]], while the prudent man foresees danger.
* `{{H3684}}` **kᵉçîyl** (stupid or silly; fool(-ish)): A fool, in contrast to the prudent, "layeth open his folly" [[Proverbs 13:16]] and is characterized by deceit [[Proverbs 14:8]].
* `{{H1847}}` **daʻath** (knowledge): Prudence is intrinsically linked to knowledge. The prudent man is crowned with knowledge [[Proverbs 14:18]], deals with knowledge [[Proverbs 13:16]], and conceals knowledge [[Proverbs 12:23]].
* `{{H7451}}` **raʻ** (bad or evil): The ability to foresee evil is a key characteristic of the prudent individual, who takes steps to avoid it ([[Proverbs 22:3]], [[Proverbs 27:12]]).
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{H6175}}` lies in its presentation of a moral and intellectual crossroads.
* **The Duality of Cunning:** The word highlights that cleverness is not inherently good or evil; its moral value is determined by its use. The serpent’s subtilty in [[Genesis 3:1]] is a prime example of cunning used for destructive purposes, while the prudence lauded in Proverbs is cunning applied to wisdom and self-preservation.
* **Wisdom vs. Folly:** In Proverbs, the **prudent** man embodies a key aspect of wisdom. He is contrasted with the fool and the simple, demonstrating that godly wisdom involves foresight, discretion, and the practical application of knowledge ([[Proverbs 14:8]], [[Proverbs 14:15]]).
* **Divine Sovereignty over Human Schemes:** God ultimately holds power over even the most cunning plans. The scriptures affirm that He "disappointeth the devices of the **crafty**" so their hands cannot succeed [[Job 5:12]], showing that no human craftiness can thwart divine purpose.
### Summary
In summary, `{{H6175}}` is a multifaceted term that moves beyond a simple definition of "cunning." It serves as a powerful illustration of a biblical principle: intellectual sharpness can be channeled into either destructive craftiness or righteous prudence. From the serpent's subtilty to the sage advice of Proverbs, the word challenges the reader to consider whether their own foresight and planning are aligned with deceit or with godly wisdom that leads to life.
TRV