Isaiah 23:3

And by great waters the seed of Sihor, the harvest of the river, [is] her revenue; and she is a mart of nations.

And by great {H7227} waters {H4325} the seed {H2233} of Sihor {H7883}, the harvest {H7105} of the river {H2975}, is her revenue {H8393}; and she is a mart {H5505} of nations {H1471}.

By the great water the grain of Shichor, the harvest of the Nile, brought you profits. She was marketplace for the nations.

On the great waters came the grain of Shihor; the harvest of the Nile was the revenue of Tyre; she was the merchant of the nations.

And on great waters the seed of the Shihor, the harvest of the Nile, was her revenue; and she was the mart of nations.

Context

Isaiah chapter 23 is a prophetic "burden" or oracle against Tyre, a powerful Phoenician city-state renowned for its immense wealth and extensive maritime trade. Tyre, along with its sister city Sidon, was a dominant force in ancient commerce, controlling vital trade routes across the Mediterranean Sea. This specific verse, Isaiah 23:3, vividly describes the source and nature of Tyre's prosperity, setting the stage for the prophecy of its eventual downfall.

Key Themes

  • Economic Power and Dependence: The verse highlights Tyre's incredible wealth, which was not generated solely from its own land but heavily relied on its strategic position as a hub for goods from other fertile regions, particularly Egypt.
  • Global Commerce and Interconnectedness: Tyre served as a central "mart of nations," illustrating the sophisticated network of ancient trade that connected distant lands and cultures through maritime routes.
  • Divine Sovereignty over Nations: Despite Tyre's seemingly unassailable economic might, the prophecy implicitly reminds us that even the most powerful human enterprises are ultimately subject to God's overarching plan and judgment, a theme often seen in prophetic books like Jeremiah and Ezekiel.

Linguistic Insights

The term "Sihor" (Hebrew: Šîḥôr) is consistently identified by scholars as the Nile River in Egypt, or specifically one of its eastern branches or canals that formed the border or entry point to Egypt. The phrase "the seed of Sihor, the harvest of the river" directly refers to the abundant agricultural produce—such as grain, flax, and other crops—that came from the incredibly fertile Nile Delta region. This produce was transported via the Nile and then shipped across the Mediterranean to Tyre, forming a significant portion of its "revenue" (income or profit). Tyre's role as a "mart of nations" emphasizes its function as a central marketplace where goods from various countries converged for trade and redistribution.

Commentary on Isaiah 23:3

This verse offers a succinct yet powerful description of Tyre's economic engine. The "great waters" refer to the vast Mediterranean Sea, confirming Tyre's identity as a premier maritime trading power. The "seed of Sihor, the harvest of the river" explicitly points to the crucial role of Egyptian agriculture in Tyre's economy. The fertile lands watered by the Nile River (Sihor) produced abundant crops, which were then transported to Tyre, becoming a primary source of its wealth and "revenue." Tyre's status as a "mart of nations" underscores its position as a bustling international marketplace, a vital hub where goods from diverse cultures and regions were exchanged, facilitating trade and prosperity across the ancient world. This verse highlights how Tyre's strategic location and control over trade routes made it an indispensable component of the global economy of its time.

Reflection and Application

Isaiah 23:3 serves as a profound reminder that even the most formidable global economic powers and intricate trade networks are not beyond divine oversight. Tyre's immense wealth, though impressive, was ultimately subject to God's prophetic judgment, as detailed in the rest of this chapter. For believers today, this verse encourages reflection on the sources of our prosperity and the global economic systems we participate in. It teaches us that while diligence in commerce and trade is important, our ultimate security and provision come from God, not solely from accumulated wealth or human enterprise. It also reiterates the biblical truth that God is sovereign over all nations and their economies, a theme found consistently in prophetic literature, such as in Daniel 4:17, reminding us to place our trust in Him above all earthly powers.

Note: Commentary was generated by an advanced AI, utilizing a prompt that emphasized Biblical fidelity over bias. We've found these insights to be consistently reliable, yet we always encourage prayerful discernment through the Holy Spirit. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

  • 1 Chronicles 13:5

    So David gathered all Israel together, from Shihor of Egypt even unto the entering of Hemath, to bring the ark of God from Kirjathjearim.

  • Jeremiah 2:18

    And now what hast thou to do in the way of Egypt, to drink the waters of Sihor? or what hast thou to do in the way of Assyria, to drink the waters of the river?

  • Joel 3:5

    Because ye have taken my silver and my gold, and have carried into your temples my goodly pleasant things:

  • Isaiah 19:7

    The paper reeds by the brooks, by the mouth of the brooks, and every thing sown by the brooks, shall wither, be driven away, and be no [more].

  • Isaiah 23:8

    Who hath taken this counsel against Tyre, the crowning [city], whose merchants [are] princes, whose traffickers [are] the honourable of the earth?

  • Deuteronomy 11:10

    For the land, whither thou goest in to possess it, [is] not as the land of Egypt, from whence ye came out, where thou sowedst thy seed, and wateredst [it] with thy foot, as a garden of herbs:

  • Revelation 18:11

    And the merchants of the earth shall weep and mourn over her; for no man buyeth their merchandise any more:

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