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Study this verse
Public-domain commentary
Matthew Henry
From his Commentary on the Whole Bible. Henry comments on passages, not single verses — this entry covers Genesis 9:12–17.
Articles of agreement among men are usually sealed, that the covenants may be the more solemn, and the performances of the covenants the more sure, to mutual satisfaction. God therefore, being willing more abundantly to show to the heirs of promise the immutability of his councils, has confirmed his covenant by a seal (Heb 6:17), which makes the foundations we build on stand sure, Ti2 2:19. The seal of this covenant of nature was natural enough; it was the rainbow, which, it is likely, was seen in the clouds before, when second causes concurred, but was never a seal of the covenant till now that it was made so by a divine institution. Now, concerning this seal of the covenant, observe, 1. This seal is affixed with repeated assurances of the truth of that promise of which it was designed to be the ratification: I do set my bow in the cloud (Gen 9:23); it shall be seen in the cloud (Gen 9:14), that the eye may affect the heart and confirm the faith; and it shall be the token of the covenant (Gen 9:12, Gen 9:13), and I will remember my covenant, that the waters shall no more become a flood, Gen 9:15. Nay, as if the Eternal Mind needed a memorandum, I will look upon it, that I may remember the everlasting covenant, Gen 9:16. Thus here is line upon line, that we might have sure and strong consolation who have laid hold of this hope. 2. The rainbow appears when the clouds are most disposed to wet, and returns after the rain; when we have most reason to fear the rain prevailing, then God shows this seal of the promise that it shall not prevail. Thus God obviates our fears with such encouragements as are both suitable and seasonable. 3. The thicker the cloud the brighter the bow in the cloud. Thus, as threatening afflictions abound, encouraging consolations much more abound, Co2 1:5. 4. The rainbow appears when one part of the sky is clear, which intimates mercy remembered in the midst of wrath; and the clouds are hemmed as it were with the rainbow, that they may not overspread the heavens, for the bow is coloured rain or the edges of a cloud gilded. 5. The rainbow is the reflection of the beams of the sun, which intimates that all the glory and significancy of the seals of the covenant are derived from Christ the Sun of righteousness, who is also described with a rainbow about his throne (Rev 4:3), and a rainbow upon his head (Rev 10:1), which intimates, not only his majesty, but his mediatorship. 6. The rainbow has fiery colours in it, to signify that though God will not again drown the world, yet, when the mystery of God shall be finished, the world shall be consumed by fire. 7. A bow bespeaks terror, but this bow has neither string nor arrow, as the bow ordained against the persecutors has (Psa 7:12, Psa 7:13), and a bow alone will do little execution. It is a bow, but it is directed upwards, not towards the earth; for the seals of the covenant were intended to comfort, not to terrify. 8. As God looks upon the bow, that he may remember the covenant, so should we, that we also may be ever mindful of the covenant, with faith and thankfulness.
Historical interpretation
Historical Reception
One surviving comment on this verse from the historical church.
Who “binds up the water in the clouds”? The miracle of it—that he sets something whose nature is to flow, on clouds, that he fixes it there by his word! Yet he pours out some of it on the face of the whole earth, sprinkling it to all alike in due season. He does not unleash the entire stock of water—the cleansing of Noah’s era was enough, and God most true does not forget his own covenant.
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Summary
Genesis 9:16 serves as a pivotal declaration within the post-flood narrative, establishing the rainbow as the enduring, visible sign of God's unconditional and everlasting covenant. This divine pledge, given to Noah and extending to every living creature on earth, solemnly promises that never again will all flesh be destroyed by a global flood, thereby underscoring God's unfailing faithfulness, His commitment to preserve life, and His benevolent oversight of creation.
Context
Literary Context
Genesis 9:16 is nestled within the broader narrative of the Noahic Covenant, which immediately follows the global deluge (Genesis 6-8) and the emergence of Noah and his family from the ark. After offering sacrifices of thanksgiving in Genesis 8:20-22, God blesses Noah and his sons, reiterating the creation mandate to be fruitful and multiply (Genesis 9:1-7). The covenant itself is formally introduced in Genesis 9:8-11, promising no more destruction by flood. Verse 16 specifically details the sign of this covenant, the rainbow, reinforcing the divine commitment through a tangible, recurring phenomenon. This passage sets a foundational precedent for God's covenantal relationship with humanity and creation, a theme that will be developed throughout the biblical narrative.
Historical & Cultural Context
In the ancient Near East, covenants were common, often involving a superior party (a king or deity) establishing terms with an inferior party, frequently accompanied by rituals (like cutting animals, as implied by the Hebrew word for covenant, bᵉrîyth) and signs. However, the Noahic Covenant stands unique. Unlike typical suzerainty treaties, it is unilateral and unconditional, initiated solely by God with no reciprocal obligations placed upon humanity or creation. The sign of the rainbow (Hebrew: qesheth, meaning "bow," often referring to a warrior's bow) is particularly significant. In a context where deities were often depicted with weapons, God's "bow" is hung up in the sky, pointing away from the earth, symbolizing a cessation of divine judgment by water and a posture of peace. This contrasts sharply with flood myths from other ancient cultures, where divine capriciousness often led to destruction; here, God's promise is steadfast and benevolent.
Key Themes
Genesis 9:16 powerfully contributes to several overarching themes within Genesis and the broader biblical narrative. Firstly, it highlights Divine Faithfulness and Steadfastness, showcasing God's unwavering commitment to His promises, even in the face of human sinfulness. Secondly, it establishes the crucial concept of Covenant, a binding agreement initiated by God, which becomes a recurring motif for understanding God's relationship with His people (e.g., the Abrahamic Covenant in Genesis 12:1-3, the Mosaic Covenant in Exodus 19, Exodus 20, Exodus 21, Exodus 22, Exodus 23, Exodus 24). Thirdly, the verse underscores God's Comprehensive Care for Creation, extending His benevolent oversight and preservation not only to humanity but to "every living creature of all flesh." This universal scope emphasizes the stability of the natural order and God's sustained interest in the world He created, a theme echoed in passages like Psalm 104.
Exposition and Analysis
Key Word Analysis
Derived from a root suggesting "cutting," this term refers to a solemn, binding agreement or compact. In the biblical context, it often denotes a divinely initiated pact, establishing a relationship and outlining its terms. The Noahic covenant is unique in its unconditional and universal scope, demonstrating God's sovereign commitment.
This primitive root means "to mark (so as to be recognized)," implying not merely recall but active engagement, mindful attention, and the faithful execution of a promise or relationship. When God "remembers," it signifies His active intention to uphold His word and act in accordance with His covenantal commitments, rather than a retrieval of forgotten information.
This term signifies "time out of mind," "eternity," or "perpetual." When applied to the covenant, it denotes its permanent, enduring, and unconditional nature. God's promise to Noah is not temporary or contingent on human behavior but remains perpetually binding, assuring the stability of the natural world for all generations.
Verse Breakdown
"And the bow shall be in the cloud"
This clause introduces the physical sign of the covenant: the rainbow. It transforms a natural phenomenon into a divinely appointed, recurring visual reminder of God's promise. The "bow" (Hebrew: qesheth) often refers to a warrior's weapon, but here, positioned in the sky, it signifies a divine "bow" laid down, symbolizing peace and a cessation of judgment by water.
"and I will look upon it, that I may remember"
This is a profound anthropomorphism, attributing a human characteristic of "remembering" to God. It does not imply divine forgetfulness, but rather emphasizes God's active and unwavering commitment to His covenant. His "looking upon it" signifies His constant mindfulness and readiness to act according to His word, ensuring the covenant's fulfillment.
"the everlasting covenant"
This phrase identifies the nature of the agreement as permanent and perpetual. The Hebrew term bᵉrîyth (covenant) underscores its binding and solemn character, while ʻôwlâm (everlasting) highlights its unending duration. This covenant is unilateral, initiated by God's grace, and remains binding on Him irrespective of human actions.
"between God and every living creature of all flesh that [is] upon the earth"
This specifies the extraordinarily broad scope of the covenant. It is not limited to humanity but extends to all animal life, encompassing the entire created order. This emphasizes God's comprehensive care and benevolent oversight for His whole creation, ensuring the preservation and stability of the natural world.
Literary Devices
Genesis 9:16 masterfully employs several literary devices to convey its profound theological message. Symbolism is central, as the natural phenomenon of the rainbow is imbued with deep divine meaning, transforming it from a mere optical effect into a tangible sign of God's promise and faithfulness. The "bow" itself, often a weapon in ancient contexts, here becomes a symbol of peace, hung up and pointing away from the earth, signifying the cessation of divine wrath by water. Anthropomorphism is evident in the phrase "I will look upon it, that I may remember," attributing human actions and faculties to God. This device helps human readers grasp God's active engagement and unwavering commitment to His covenant, emphasizing His reliability rather than implying any divine forgetfulness. Furthermore, the broader passage (Genesis 9:8-17) utilizes Repetition of key phrases like "covenant" and "every living creature of all flesh," reinforcing the importance, scope, and permanence of God's pledge. This repetition serves to impress upon the reader the absolute certainty and universal nature of the Noahic Covenant.
Theological and Thematic Connections
Genesis 9:16 stands as a profound testament to God's character, revealing His absolute faithfulness, sovereign grace, and expansive care for His entire creation. The establishment of this unconditional, everlasting covenant, marked by the visible sign of the rainbow, demonstrates that even after righteous judgment, God's disposition towards His world is one of preservation and benevolence. This covenant assures the stability of the natural order, providing a foundational promise upon which all future human existence and interaction with God's creation depend. It highlights God's commitment to maintain the very fabric of life on earth, showcasing His enduring patience and mercy.
Reflection and Application
Genesis 9:16 offers profound reassurance and comfort, serving as a timeless reminder of God's unchanging character and His unwavering faithfulness to His promises. In a world often characterized by instability, uncertainty, and broken pledges, the rainbow stands as a tangible, recurring sign of divine reliability. It encourages us to trust implicitly in God's word, finding peace in His sovereign control over creation and history. The covenant's universal scope, extending to "every living creature of all flesh," also calls us to a greater appreciation for God's comprehensive care for all life and to consider our own role as stewards of His creation. This verse invites us to live with hope, knowing that even after the storms of life, God's mercy prevails, and His promises are eternally secure, providing a beacon of hope for all generations.
Questions for Reflection
FAQ
Does "I will look upon it, that I may remember" imply God forgets?
No, this is an anthropomorphism, a literary device where human characteristics are attributed to God to help us understand His actions and intentions. In biblical terms, God "remembering" (Hebrew: zakhar) signifies His active commitment to fulfill His promises and act on behalf of His covenant, not a retrieval of forgotten information. It assures humanity of His unfailing faithfulness and His active engagement with His creation, as seen in passages like Psalm 105:8.
Is the Noahic Covenant only for humans?
Genesis 9:16 explicitly states the covenant is "between God and every living creature of all flesh that [is] upon the earth." This highlights the universal scope of God's promise, extending His care and commitment to the preservation of all life and the stability of the natural world, not just humanity. This demonstrates God's comprehensive benevolence towards His entire creation, as also reflected in Psalm 36:6.
Is this "everlasting covenant" still active today?
Yes, the term "everlasting" ('olam) signifies its perpetual and unconditional nature. God's promise never again to destroy the earth with a global flood remains binding for all time. The rainbow continues to serve as a visible sign of this enduring covenant, assuring all generations of God's steadfast commitment to His creation and the stability of the natural order, as confirmed by Isaiah 54:9.
Christ-Centered Fulfillment
The Noahic covenant, with its promise of preservation and a sign of peace after judgment, serves as a profound foreshadowing of the ultimate preservation and new creation found in Jesus Christ. While the rainbow signifies God's pledge never to destroy the earth by water again, Christ's atoning sacrifice on the cross establishes a new and everlasting covenant in His blood, offering not just physical preservation but spiritual redemption, forgiveness of sins, and eternal life for all who believe (Luke 22:20). The peace symbolized by the rainbow after the storm finds its perfect realization in Christ, who is our peace and who reconciles humanity to God, inaugurating a spiritual kingdom where true and lasting peace reigns, transcending the physical preservation of the earth. Through Christ, believers are brought into an unshakeable kingdom, a new creation where the promise of no more judgment is fully realized in eternal security and fellowship with God (Revelation 21:1-4).