Isaiah 43
God Promises Protection and Restoration 1–7
Israel as God's Witnesses 8–13
The Lord's New Act of Deliverance 14–21
Israel's Sin and God's Unilateral Grace 22–28
Bible text: King James Version (1769 Blayney text) · Public domain
Study Notes for Isaiah 43
Verse 1
created thee… formed thee — Two verbs: bara, to create, and yatsar, to mould as a potter does. 'Redeemed' is ga'al, the kinsman's verb of buying back a relative. Israel is made, bought back and named by the same LORD: 'it is he that hath made us' (Ps 100:3).
Verse 2
through the waters… through the fire — The promise is presence, not absence of trial: 'I will be with thee' while Israel passes through (abar, cross over). Daniel's three friends are the pattern, 'upon whose bodies the fire had no power' (Dan 3:27); so Ps 66:12, 'we went through fire and through water'.
Verse 3
I gave Egypt for thy ransom — Kopher, the price that covers a life. 'Saviour' is yasha, to bring into safety, the verb of v.11. Egypt, Ethiopia (Cush) and Seba are the price given for Israel; the principle is stated in Prov 21:18, 'The wicked shall be a ransom for the righteous'.
Verse 7
called by my name — Three verbs gather up the people's origin: 'created' (bara), 'formed' (yatsar), 'made' (asah), all 'for my glory' (kabod). It returns in v.21, 'This people have I formed for myself', and in Eph 2:10, 'created in Christ Jesus unto good works'.
Verse 8
blind people that have eyes — Israel is brought forward as a witness (vv.9–10). The charge repeats Isa 42:18, 'Hear, ye deaf; and look, ye blind, that ye may see', and Moses' word: 'the LORD hath not given you an heart to perceive, and eyes to see, and ears to hear' (Deut 29:4).
Verse 9
shew us former things — The nations are called to a trial of gods: let them 'declare' (nagad) what was, and bring 'witnesses' (ed) so that they may be 'justified' (tsadaq, proved right). Only the LORD meets the test: 'Declaring the end from the beginning' (Isa 46:10).
Verse 10
Ye are my witnesses — Ed, a witness, as in v.9. 'Formed' here is yatsar, the verb of v.1: Israel was formed by God, but 'before me there was no God formed', since the God who forms is himself unformed. Repeated in Isa 44:8, 'ye are even my witnesses'.
Verse 11
beside me there is no saviour — 'Saviour' is yasha, the verb and title of v.3 ('thy Saviour'); the claim of v.3 is made exclusive. Hos 13:4 says the same: 'thou shalt know no god but me: for there is no saviour beside me.' Isa 45:22 invites: 'Look unto me, and be ye saved'.
Verse 13
before the day was I am he — The LORD is before the first day (yom). Christ's 'Before Abraham was, I am' (John 8:58) is a like claim of being before time. 'Let' is shuv, to turn back, as in Isa 14:27, 'who shall turn it back?'; 'deliver' (natsal) is to snatch away, as in Deut 32:39.
Verse 14
your sake I have sent to Babylon — 'Redeemer' is ga'al, the kinsman-redeemer of v.1. Babylon is brought down 'for your sake', that is, for Israel's release; Jer 50:2 declares the same fall: 'Babylon is taken'. The Chaldeans' 'cry' (rinnah) is a shout, here in the ships.
Verse 16
a way in the sea — The title recalls the Red Sea, where the Egyptians with 'all the horses and chariots of Pharaoh' overtook Israel (Ex 14:9). Ps 77:19 has the same picture: 'Thy way is in the sea, and thy path in the great waters'. v.17 gives the end of that army: 'they are extinct, they are quenched as tow'.
Verse 18
Remember ye not the former things — Spoken straight after the Red Sea in vv.16–17, it does not forbid memory but sets the coming deliverance above it. Jer 16:14–15 makes the same turn: the LORD who brought Israel out of Egypt will be known as he who brings them back 'from the land of the north'.
Verse 19
I will do a new thing — Chadash, new; 'spring forth' is tsamach, to sprout like a plant. Isa 42:9 had said, 'new things do I declare: before they spring forth I tell you of them'. 'Rivers' (nahar) in the desert answer the 'rivers' of v.2; Rev 21:5 has 'I make all things new'.
Verse 21
This people have I formed for myself — Yatsar, as in vv.1, 7. 'Shew forth' is saphar, to recount or tell out, and 'praise' is tehillah. The purpose is stated in 1 Pet 2:9 of the church: 'that ye should shew forth the praises of him who hath called you'.
Verse 22
thou hast not called upon me — Qara, to call: the LORD 'called thee by thy name' (v.1), yet Jacob has not called on him. 'Weary' is yaga, to toil till exhausted; the people wearied of him, as Mal 1:13, 'Behold, what a weariness is it!' vv.23–24 turn the word back on them.
Verse 24
sweet cane — Qaneh, the fragrant reed (calamus), a spice bought with money; cf. 'the sweet cane from a far country' (Jer 6:20). The close turns the words of v.23: God did not make Israel 'serve' (abad) with an offering, but they made him 'serve' with their sins and 'wearied' (yaga) him with iniquities.
Verse 25
blotteth out thy transgressions — Machah, to wipe away, as a writing is erased; Isa 44:22 repeats it: 'I have blotted out, as a thick cloud, thy transgressions'. The ground is 'for mine own sake'. The promise of no remembrance is taken up in Heb 10:17, 'their sins and iniquities will I remember no more'.
Verse 26
let us plead together — Shaphat, to enter judgment, the courtroom setting of v.9. 'That thou mayest be justified' uses tsadaq, as in v.9 of the nations' witnesses; here Israel, with no case, is left to the grace of v.25. Paul: 'It is God that justifieth' (Rom 8:33).
Verse 27
Thy first father hath sinned — Failure reaches back to the nation's beginning, and to its 'teachers' (luts, spokesmen who stand between people and God). The failure of leaders is also charged in Isa 28:7: 'the priest and the prophet have erred through strong drink'.
Verse 28
profaned the princes of the sanctuary — Chalal, to profane or make common. 'Curse' is cherem, a thing devoted to destruction. It is the penalty set out in Deut 28:15 for those who 'wilt not hearken unto the voice of the LORD thy God', and the 'reproaches' of the exile are its fruit.