2 Chronicles 18:9

KJV

And the king of Israel and Jehoshaphat king of Judah sat either of them on his throne, clothed in [their] robes, and they sat in a void place at the entering in of the gate of Samaria; and all the prophets prophesied before them.

KJV (with Strong's)

And the king {H4428} of Israel {H3478} and Jehoshaphat {H3092} king {H4428} of Judah {H3063} sat {H3427} either {H376} of them on his throne {H3678}, clothed {H3847} in their robes {H899}, and they sat {H3427} in a void place {H1637} at the entering in {H6607} of the gate {H8179} of Samaria {H8111}; and all the prophets {H5030} prophesied {H5012} before {H6440} them.

Complete Jewish Bible

Now the king of Isra'el and Y'hoshafat the king of Y'hudah were each sitting on his throne, dressed in their royal robes; they were sitting in a threshing-floor at the entrance to the gate of Shomron; and all the prophets were there, prophesying in their presence.

Berean Standard Bible

Dressed in royal attire, the king of Israel and Jehoshaphat king of Judah were sitting on their thrones at the threshing floor by the entrance of the gate of Samaria, with all the prophets prophesying before them.

American Standard Version

Now the king of Israel and Jehoshaphat the king of Judah sat each on his throne, arrayed in their robes, and they were sitting in an open place at the entrance of the gate of Samaria; and all the prophets were prophesying before them.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
2 Chronicles 18:9 meticulously details the formal setting for a pivotal prophetic consultation between King Ahab of Israel and King Jehoshaphat of Judah. Seated on their thrones, arrayed in royal robes, the two monarchs convened in a public, open space at the entrance of Samaria's city gate, a traditional locus for judicial and public affairs. Before them, a multitude of prophets delivered their counsel, setting the stage for a dramatic confrontation between popular, flattering pronouncements and the singular, unvarnished truth of God's word. This scene underscores the gravity of the impending military decision and the critical role of divine guidance in kingship.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** This verse is deeply embedded within the narrative of Jehoshaphat's reign, particularly his controversial alliance with the wicked King Ahab of Israel, as detailed in [2 Chronicles 18](/2_chronicles/18 "2 Chronicles 18 - Ahab and Jehoshaphat's Alliance"). The preceding verses (2 Chronicles 18:1-8) establish the alliance, Ahab's desire to reclaim Ramoth-gilead, and Jehoshaphat's crucial insistence on consulting the Lord before battle. Verse 9 specifically sets the formal stage for this inquiry, immediately preceding the appearance of the 400 false prophets and the subsequent, solitary testimony of Micaiah, the true prophet of God (as seen in [2 Chronicles 18:18-27](/2_chronicles/18-18 "2 Chronicles 18:18-27 - Micaiah's Prophecy")). This scene is paralleled in [1 Kings 22](/1_kings/22 "1 Kings 22 - Ahab and Micaiah").
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** The setting at the "entering in of the gate of Samaria" (which the KJV translates as "void place," but is more accurately understood as a threshing floor, *goren*) was highly significant in ancient Israelite culture. City gates were not merely entry points but served as vibrant centers for commerce, legal proceedings, public assemblies, and official pronouncements. A threshing floor, typically an open, flat area often near the city gate, was used for winnowing grain but also functioned as a spacious, accessible venue for large gatherings. The kings' attire ("clothed in their robes") and their seating on "thrones" emphasized their supreme royal authority and the solemn, official nature of the consultation. This public display ensured that the proceedings were transparent and authoritative, reflecting the cultural expectation for major decisions to be made publicly and with due ceremony.
* **Key Themes:** The verse powerfully contributes to several overarching themes within 2 Chronicles and the broader biblical narrative. It highlights the theme of **royal authority and accountability**, as kings, despite their power, are shown seeking divine counsel, underscoring their ultimate responsibility to God. The scene also emphasizes the critical importance of **discerning true prophecy from false**, a theme that becomes acutely evident as the narrative unfolds with the contrasting messages of the 400 prophets and Micaiah, echoing warnings found in [Deuteronomy 13:1-5](/deuteronomy/13-1 "Deuteronomy 13:1-5 - Testing False Prophets"). Furthermore, it subtly introduces the **dangers of unholy alliances**, as Jehoshaphat's presence alongside Ahab, despite his personal piety, places him in a compromising and spiritually perilous position, a recurring motif in the Deuteronomistic History (e.g., [2 Chronicles 19:2](/2_chronicles/19-2 "2 Chronicles 19:2 - Jehoshaphat Rebuked")).

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
#### Key Word Analysis
* **Void Place (Hebrew, _goren'_):** The King James Version's translation "void place" is somewhat obscure. The Hebrew word is `גֹּרֶן` (*goren*), which literally means "threshing floor." A threshing floor was a flat, open area, often paved, where grain was threshed and winnowed. Due to its open and accessible nature, it frequently served as a public gathering place for legal proceedings, assemblies, and official announcements. Its use here reinforces the public, formal, and judicial nature of the consultation, implying a place where truth would be "sifted" or revealed, much like grain from chaff.
* **Prophets (Hebrew, _nevi'im'_):** The term `נְבִיאִים` (*nevi'im*) refers to those who speak forth, specifically those who claim to speak on behalf of God. In this context, "all the prophets" refers to a large contingent of prophets in Ahab's court, likely those who were officially sanctioned and supported by the king. The verse sets the stage for the crucial distinction between these court prophets, who often delivered messages pleasing to the king, and the true prophet, Micaiah, who spoke God's unvarnished truth regardless of the consequences.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"And the king of Israel and Jehoshaphat king of Judah sat either of them on his throne, clothed in [their] robes":** This opening clause establishes the high status and official capacity of the two kings. "King of Israel" refers to Ahab, and "Jehoshaphat king of Judah" is explicitly named, highlighting the alliance between the northern and southern kingdoms. Their sitting "on his throne" signifies their sovereign authority and the formal nature of the assembly. "Clothed in their robes" further emphasizes their royal dignity and the solemnity of the occasion, suggesting a state ceremony rather than an informal meeting.
* **"and they sat in a void place at the entering in of the gate of Samaria":** This phrase describes the specific location of the assembly. As discussed in "Key Word Analysis," "void place" is better understood as a "threshing floor" (goren). This location, at the city gate of Samaria (Ahab's capital), was a common public forum for legal judgments, commercial transactions, and important civic gatherings. Its open nature allowed for a large audience and public witness to the proceedings, underscoring the gravity and public accountability of the decisions being made.
* **"and all the prophets prophesied before them":** This final clause introduces the central action of the scene: the delivery of prophetic messages. The phrase "all the prophets" indicates a significant number, setting the stage for the overwhelming consensus of favorable prophecy that Ahab desired. Their act of "prophesying" implies speaking a divine message, which, in the context of the subsequent narrative, is revealed to be largely false and flattering, contrasting sharply with the lone, truthful voice of Micaiah.

#### Literary Devices
The verse employs several literary devices to enhance its impact and foreshadow the unfolding drama. **Symbolism** is prominent in the setting: the "threshing floor" at the city gate symbolizes a place of public judgment, where truth is to be separated from falsehood, directly prefiguring the discernment required of the kings regarding the prophetic messages. The kings' **Royal Display**—sitting on thrones, clothed in robes—serves as a visual symbol of their earthly power and authority, yet it subtly contrasts with the ultimate spiritual authority of God's word, which they are about to hear. The scene also utilizes **Foreshadowing**, as the formal assembly of "all the prophets" sets the stage for the dramatic confrontation between the many false prophets and the single true prophet, Micaiah, who will expose their deception and reveal God's true will. This creates a sense of impending spiritual conflict and the critical test of discernment.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
This verse, though descriptive, is rich with theological implications, particularly concerning divine guidance, the nature of kingship, and the critical importance of discerning truth. It highlights God's consistent expectation that His people, especially their leaders, seek His counsel in all matters, a principle deeply rooted in the covenant. The formal setting underscores the gravity of such inquiries, yet it also exposes the human tendency to prefer comforting lies over challenging truths. The presence of "all the prophets" who readily prophesy before the kings foreshadows the pervasive problem of false prophecy in Israel, where individuals claimed divine authority but spoke from their own desires or demonic influence, leading people astray. This scene serves as a stark reminder that even in seemingly pious settings, the source and content of "divine" messages must be rigorously tested against God's revealed character and word.

* [Deuteronomy 18:20-22](/deuteronomy/18-20 "Deuteronomy 18:20-22 - Distinguishing True and False Prophets")
* [Jeremiah 14:14](/jeremiah/14-14 "Jeremiah 14:14 - False Prophets Speak Lies")
* [Ezekiel 13:3](/ezekiel/13-3 "Ezekiel 13:3 - Woe to Foolish Prophets")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
The detailed portrayal in 2 Chronicles 18:9 serves as a timeless illustration of the critical need for discernment, especially for those in positions of leadership. Just as Ahab and Jehoshaphat sat poised to receive counsel that would determine the fate of their nations, so too are we constantly confronted with a multitude of voices—from media, culture, peers, and even within religious circles—all claiming to offer guidance or truth. This verse compels us to consider the source, nature, and alignment of the counsel we receive with the unchanging truth of God's Word. It challenges us to prioritize divine wisdom over popular opinion, personal comfort, or strategic advantage, even when the truth is unpopular or costly. Furthermore, it reminds leaders, in any sphere, of their profound responsibility to seek God's will diligently and to surround themselves with those who speak truth, not flattery, recognizing that decisions made under false counsel can have devastating consequences.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **How do I discern between true and false counsel in my own life, particularly when faced with significant decisions?**
* **In what areas of my life might I be tempted to seek comforting affirmation rather than challenging truth?**
* **What does this verse teach me about the importance of the environment and company I keep when seeking guidance?**
* **As a leader (in family, work, or community), how can I ensure I am seeking and receiving God-honoring counsel, even when it is difficult to hear?**

### FAQ
**What is the significance of the "void place" or "threshing floor" at the city gate?**

Answer: The "void place" (Hebrew *goren*) is more accurately translated as a "threshing floor." This location was highly significant in ancient Israelite culture. While primarily used for processing grain, its open and accessible nature made it a common public assembly point. City gates were central hubs for legal proceedings, commercial transactions, and important civic announcements. Therefore, the threshing floor at the city gate combined practicality with symbolism: it was a spacious area for a large gathering, and culturally, it represented a place of public judgment, official pronouncements, and the "sifting" of truth, making it an ideal setting for a royal consultation where critical discernment was required. This setting underscores the public and formal nature of the kings' inquiry, emphasizing the gravity of the decisions to be made.

**Why were both kings "clothed in their robes" and seated on "thrones"?**

Answer: The kings' attire and seating arrangement were deliberate displays of their royal authority and the official nature of the gathering. "Clothed in their robes" signifies their royal dignity and the solemnity of the occasion, indicating a state ceremony rather than an informal meeting. Sitting on "thrones" further emphasized their supreme sovereign power. This public display of pomp and authority was customary for significant royal decisions and public audiences in the ancient Near East. It aimed to convey legitimacy, power, and the gravity of the proceedings to all present, including the prophets and any onlookers.

**What does this verse tell us about the role of prophets in ancient Israel?**

Answer: This verse highlights the crucial role that prophets played as intermediaries between God and the kings in ancient Israel. They were expected to deliver divine messages, offer guidance, and sometimes rebuke rulers. The fact that "all the prophets prophesied before them" indicates that kings often maintained a retinue of prophets in their courts, who were consulted on matters of state, particularly military campaigns. However, the subsequent narrative in [2 Chronicles 18](/2_chronicles/18 "2 Chronicles 18 - Ahab and Jehoshaphat's Alliance") reveals a critical distinction: while many prophets might speak, not all spoke God's truth. This scene sets up the dramatic contrast between the numerous false prophets who flattered King Ahab and the lone, courageous true prophet, Micaiah, underscoring the constant challenge of discerning genuine divine revelation from human or demonic deception.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
2 Chronicles 18:9, with its depiction of kings seeking counsel from prophets in a formal setting, points forward to the ultimate Prophet and King, Jesus Christ. The scene highlights the human need for divine guidance, a need perfectly met in Christ, who is the very Word of God made flesh ([John 1:14](/john/1-14 "John 1:14 - The Word Became Flesh")). Unlike the multitude of prophets, some of whom were false and spoke only what kings wanted to hear, Jesus is the singular, true Prophet who speaks with absolute authority and truth, never compromising God's message for human favor ([Hebrews 1:1-2](/hebrews/1-1 "Hebrews 1:1-2 - God Has Spoken by His Son")). The kings' display of earthly power, sitting on thrones in robes, pales in comparison to the eternal, heavenly throne of Christ, who is the King of kings and Lord of lords ([Revelation 19:16](/revelation/19-16 "Revelation 19:16 - King of Kings and Lord of Lords")). Furthermore, the "threshing floor" setting, a place of sifting and judgment, subtly foreshadows Christ's role as the one who will ultimately separate the wheat from the chaff, the righteous from the wicked, in the final judgment ([Matthew 3:12](/matthew/3-12 "Matthew 3:12 - John the Baptist's Prophecy of Jesus' Judgment")). In Christ, all true prophecy finds its fulfillment, and all legitimate authority is ultimately derived from Him, the one true and faithful witness ([Revelation 1:5](/revelation/1-5 "Revelation 1:5 - Jesus, the Faithful Witness")).

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Daniel 7:9

¶ I beheld till the thrones were cast down, and the Ancient of days did sit, whose garment [was] white as snow, and the hair of his head like the pure wool: his throne [was like] the fiery flame, [and] his wheels [as] burning fire.

2 Chronicles 18:29

And the king of Israel said unto Jehoshaphat, I will disguise myself, and will go to the battle; but put thou on thy robes. So the king of Israel disguised himself; and they went to the battle.

1 Kings 22:10

And the king of Israel and Jehoshaphat the king of Judah sat each on his throne, having put on their robes, in a void place in the entrance of the gate of Samaria; and all the prophets prophesied before them.

1 Kings 22:12

And all the prophets prophesied so, saying, Go up to Ramothgilead, and prosper: for the LORD shall deliver [it] into the king's hand.

Matthew 6:29

And yet I say unto you, That even Solomon in all his glory was not arrayed like one of these.

Ezekiel 26:16

Then all the princes of the sea shall come down from their thrones, and lay away their robes, and put off their broidered garments: they shall clothe themselves with trembling; they shall sit upon the ground, and shall tremble at [every] moment, and be astonished at thee.

Isaiah 14:9

Hell from beneath is moved for thee to meet [thee] at thy coming: it stirreth up the dead for thee, [even] all the chief ones of the earth; it hath raised up from their thrones all the kings of the nations.