### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **nâbâʼ**, represented by `{{H5012}}`, is a primitive root that means **to prophesy**. It describes the act of speaking or singing by inspiration, whether in prediction or simple discourse. It appears **115 times** across **102 unique verses**, indicating its significant role in conveying the concept of inspired speech. The term also covers the act of making oneself a prophet.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In the biblical narrative, `{{H5012}}` is used in several key contexts. It often describes a direct command from God, as when Ezekiel is told to **prophesy** upon the dry bones [[Ezekiel 37:4]] or against the shepherds of Israel [[Ezekiel 34:2]]. The act can be an involuntary response to the Spirit of God resting upon individuals, such as when the seventy elders of Israel **prophesied** and did not cease [[Numbers 11:25]], or when the Spirit came upon Saul [[1 Samuel 10:6]]. The term is also used in the context of musical worship, where the sons of Asaph, Heman, and Jeduthun were appointed to **prophesy** with instruments like harps and psalteries [[1 Chronicles 25:1]]. Conversely, scripture frequently warns against those who **prophesy** lies in God's name, speaking visions from their own hearts rather than from the mouth of the LORD ([[Jeremiah 14:14]], [[Jeremiah 23:16]]).
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words provide a fuller understanding of the context and nature of prophecy:
* `{{H5030}}` **nâbîyʼ** (prophet): This noun, derived from `{{H5012}}`, refers to a prophet or inspired man. It is frequently used to identify the individuals who perform the act of prophesying, both true and false ([[Jeremiah 23:16]], [[Ezekiel 13:2]]).
* `{{H7307}}` **rûwach** (spirit): The Spirit of the LORD is often the source of the inspiration to prophesy. The Spirit resting upon people is what enables them to **prophesy** [[Numbers 11:25]], and a future outpouring of the Spirit is promised to cause sons and daughters to **prophesy** [[Joel 2:28]].
* `{{H1697}}` **dâbâr** (word): The content of true prophecy is the **word** of the LORD. Prophets are commanded to speak God's **word** to the people [[Ezekiel 37:4]].
* `{{H8267}}` **sheqer** (an untruth, falsehood): This word is repeatedly used to describe the content of false prophecy. The LORD warns against prophets who **prophesy** a lie in His name ([[Jeremiah 14:14]], [[Jeremiah 27:15]]).
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{H5012}}` is centered on the communication of the divine will and the distinction between true and false messengers.
* **Divine Authority:** True prophecy originates from God. He sends prophets and commands them what to say [[Amos 7:15]]. Those who **prophesy** without being sent are speaking falsely [[Jeremiah 23:21]].
* **The Spirit's Empowerment:** The act of prophesying is a direct result of God's Spirit coming upon a person. This can happen to leaders, messengers, and even future generations in a promised outpouring ([[Numbers 11:25]], [[Joel 2:28]]).
* **The Danger of Deception:** The Bible strongly condemns those who **prophesy** falsely from the deceit of their own hearts [[Jeremiah 23:26]], by other gods like Baal [[Jeremiah 2:8]], or through false dreams [[Jeremiah 23:32]].
* **A Compelled Utterance:** For a true prophet, the act of prophesying is not always a choice but a necessity in response to God's speaking, as expressed by Amos: "the Lord GOD hath spoken, who can but **prophesy**?" [[Amos 3:8]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{H5012}}` **nâbâʼ** defines the crucial act of speaking by divine inspiration. It is not limited to foretelling the future but includes delivering God's commands, warnings, and even expressions of worship. The Bible uses this term to establish the authority of God's true messengers while simultaneously warning against the grave danger of false prophets who speak their own words. The concept underscores a core theological principle: God communicates with His people through chosen, Spirit-filled individuals.
TRV